scholarly journals Cyto-histological correlation in diagnosis of gastrointestinal lesions- a prospective study in a tertiary care institute

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 3560
Author(s):  
Swati Aggarwal ◽  
Kavita Mardi ◽  
Shivani Sood ◽  
Vijay Kaushal ◽  
Brij Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Brush Cytology ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Care Institute ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Gastrointestinal Lesions ◽  
Rising Incidence ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Gastrointestinal tract is involved by a large number of inflammatory, infectious and neoplastic diseases. There is a worldwide rising incidence of GIT lesions especially neoplasms.Methods: This study was planned to correlate endoscopic and colonoscopic brush cytology with histopathology of gastrointestinal lesions and to determine the spectrum of gastrointestinal lesions in patients subjected to endoscopic brushings and biopsy.Results: Sensitivity of upper GI brush cytology was 95.15% and specificity 90.41%. Sensitivity of colonoscopic brush cytology was 100% and specificity 86.79%. The accuracy of brush cytology came out to be 92.45% in upper GIT and 92.22% in lower GIT.Conclusions: Brush cytology is a non-invasive and cost-effective method to retrieve epithelial cells from a much larger surface area of the mucosa, thus allowing thorough sampling and increasing the diagnostic yield.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTIC POSSIBILITIES OF MODERN BIOCHEMICAL STUDY OF SPUTUM FROM PATIENTS WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Kozlov ◽  
O. A. Gusyakova ◽  
A. A. Ereshchenko ◽  
A. V. Khaliulin
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Α2 Macroglobulin ◽  
Biochemical Studies

The review presents the pathobiochemical and molecular mechanisms of sputum formation in patients with cystic fibrosis associated with the pathophysiological features of the disease. Statistical data on the prevalence of this pathology in the world and in the Russian Federation are presented. The mechanisms of sputum formation and disorders of the mucociliary apparatus, leading to the accumulation of viscous bronchopulmonary secret in cystic fibrosis, are considered. The principles of the relationship between the rheological properties of sputum and the formation of inflammation in the lungs with the addition of a concomitant specific microflora in the bronchopulmonary system in patients with cystic fibrosis are presented. Describes the opportunities for biochemical studies of sputum of patients with this pathology: determining the activity of enzymes (myeloperoxidase), the content of proteinase inhibitors (α2-macroglobulin and α1-antitrypsin) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-8 and TNFa), concentrations of iron and ferriferous proteins (lactoferrin and ferritin), which makes biochemical studies of sputum available, non-invasive, quick and cost-effective method of diagnosis, which can be widely used as an auxiliary laboratory method and makes it possible to use these metabolites as diagnostic markers to assess the severity of inflammation and infection of the lower respiratory tract and predict the development of respiratory complications in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Masquelet technique in management of infective non-union of long bones- A prospective study

Biomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-814
Author(s):  
Senthil Loganathan ◽  
Sradha Murali ◽  
U. Thiyagarajan ◽  
D. Gokulraj
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Autologous Bone Graft ◽  
Cement Spacer ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Non Union ◽  
Masquelet Technique ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Radical Debridement ◽  
Segmental Bone ◽  
A Prospective Study

Introduction and Aim: Masquelet’s technique is a 2-staged procedure, for treatment of infected segmental bone defect. 1st stage involves radical debridement with antibiotic-induced cement spacer. During second stage, the spacer is removed and the autologous bone graft is applied into the biomembrane formed. In this study, we evaluate the Masquelet’s technique for the management of infective non-union of long bones.   Materials and Methods: 15 patients with infective non-union of long bones- tibia, femur and a case of congenital pseudoarthrosis of tibia, were treated with Masquelet’s technique. They underwent 2 stages of procedures 6-8 weeks apart and was followed up for about 9 months and radiological and clinical outcomes were assessed.   Results: Out of 15 patients with infective non-union, 8 patients attained union. Out of the 7 patients with failure of the technique, higher failure rates were attributed to Pseudomonas infection.   Conclusion: Masquelet’s technique is a cost-effective method for treating infective segmental non-unions, not requiring special training or sophisticated instruments. This method shows good results with Gram positive infections. Although, the outcome with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, have not shown satisfactory results.

scholarly journals Determinant factors affecting the trends of permanent sterilization: a decadal analysis in a tertiary care institute

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 5348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenakshi K. Bharadwaj ◽  
Seema Patrikar ◽  
Sanjay Singh
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Male Involvement ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Care Institute ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Male Sterilization

Background: Permanent sterilization is a preferred method of contraception worldwide. In spite of popularization of temporary methods, it is used by 2/3rd of married women using any contraception. It has a low incidence of complications and failure rate and is cost-effective. Various socio-demographic factors play a role in acceptability of this method. It has an important role in controlling the total fertility rate.Methods: A retrospective record based analysis was done in armed forces personnel undergoing permanent sterilization operation over 11 years between 2005-2015 in a tertiary care institute. Analysis of trends in method choices of surgery, and comparison of the variables determining these choices was done. Year wise total fertility rates was calculated and the trend over 11 years was analyzed.Results: Permanent sterilization operations were performed in 2121 couples over the 11 years period. Of total operations, 1823 (85.95% with 95% confidence interval = 84.42, 87.38) were done in females and 298 (14.05% with 95% confidence interval = 12.62, 15.58) in males. Female sterilization acceptance ranged between 71.6% to 91.6% and male sterilization between 8.4%-28.4% with an increasing trend towards male sterilization acceptance over the years. Total fertility rate declined from 2.3 to 2.09 in 11 years.Conclusions: Increase in literacy rate of both the partners can positively impact the male involvement in permanent sterilization and control of TFR. This would help to stabilize India’s population growth. Also, a decline in son preference can be beneficial for decline in fertility rate. 

EEG Based Detection of Alcoholics

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Padma Shri ◽  
N. Sriraam
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Neuro Imaging

The short term and long term effects of alcohol on various organs of the body, especially on the human brain is well established by numerous studies. Invasive methods such as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and non invasive imaging techniques such as Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), and functional MRI activated electro-encephalogram (EEG) have been used to study the changes in EEG activity due to alcoholism. Even with the advent of neuro imaging techniques, EEG happens to be an important tool for brain study providing a non- invasive and cost effective method to detect the effects of alcohol on the human brain. This paper discusses the harmful effects of alcohol on different organs of the body. The advances in the development of EEG signal processing algorithms over the past decade for alcoholic detection are reviewed and their limitations are reported. Further the use of EEG for mass screening of alcoholics and biometric application is discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular function in experimental pulmonary hypertension

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 204589401984198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongkai Zhu ◽  
Dureti Godana ◽  
Ailing Li ◽  
Bianca Rodriguez ◽  
Chenxin Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Ejection Time ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Rv Function

Echocardiography, a non-invasive and cost-effective method for monitoring cardiac function, is commonly used for evaluation and pre-clinical diagnostics of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Previous echocardiographic studies in experimental models of PH are fragmentary in terms of the evaluation of right ventricle (RV) function. In this study, three rodent models of PH: a mouse model of hypoxia-induced PH, a rat model of hypoxia+Sugen induced PH and a rat model of monocrotaline-induced PH, were employed to measure RV fractional area change (RVFAC), RV free wall thickness (RVFWT), pulmonary acceleration time (PAT), pulmonary ejection time (PET), and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE). We found that, in these models, RVFWT significantly increased, but RVFAC, PAT, or PAT/PET ratios and TAPSE values significantly decreased. Accurate and complete TAPSE patterns were demonstrated in the three rodent models of PH. The RV echocardiography data matched the corresponding invasive hemodynamic and heart histologic data in each model. This serves as a reference study for real-time and non-invasive evaluation of RV function in rodent models of PH using echocardiography.

scholarly journals Analysis of hearing improvement following fat graft myringoplasty

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Ajay J. Panchal ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Megha Desai
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fat Graft ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hearing Improvement ◽  
Patient Variables ◽  
Small Perforation ◽  
A Prospective Study

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Fat graft myringoplasty (FGM) is a procedure with a short learning curve, cost effective, with minimal morbidity in properly selected patients. It is useful to relieve the patient of annoyance caused by a small perforation in terms of ear discharge and hearing loss. The aim was to assess postoperative hearing improvement and investigate influence of factors like age, gender and location of perforation on audiological outcomes.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was a prospective study done on 25 patients at a tertiary care hospital who underwent FGM. All patients had small dry central perforation. Air and Bone conduction (AC/BC) thresholds and air-bone gap (ABG) were evaluated both preoperatively and postoperatively.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Mean hearing improvement was 14.4762 dB in &lt;40 yrs age group whereas it was 11.2500 dB in &gt;40 yrs age group. Mean hearing improvement in females was 13.75 dB whereas it was 14.154 dB in males. Mean hearing improvement was 15 dB in posterior, 14.7 dB in inferior and 14.46 dB in anteriorly located perforation.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> FGM is effective in improving postoperative hearing thresholds hence it can be used in small dry central perforations of tympanic membrane in patients irrespective of patient variables such as age, gender, and location of perforation. As no significant statistical difference was observed in terms of gender, location or aetiology of perforation, we consider it a procedure to be recommended across all spectrums of patients.</p>

scholarly journals A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF THE PATTERN OF USE OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS IN SURGICAL PROPHYLAXIS IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
C. S. Brethis ◽  
S. Thamizharasan ◽  
S. A. Sridevi ◽  
B. Kalaiselvi ◽  
M. Balaji Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Surgical Prophylaxis ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Mean ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Induction Of Anaesthesia

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the most common class of antimicrobial agents used in surgical prophylaxis.<strong> </strong>To evaluate the timing, dosage, route and duration of use of antimicrobial agents in surgical prophylaxis.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study subjects were 214 patients who underwent general surgical procedures at Vinayaka Missions Kirupananda Variyar Medical College from July 2013 to June 2014. The use of antimicrobial agents was noted from the first dose of antibiotic given before the induction of anaesthesia. After surgery was completed the duration of antibiotic in the post-operative ward was noted. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Majority of the patients were males of age group 50-60 y and the most common surgical procedure was hernioplasty. Combination therapy with two antimicrobial agents was more preferred regimen 126 (58.9%). Among the antimicrobial agent's cefotaxime 114 (24.8%) was the most commonly prescribed drug and it was followed by metronidazole 121 (21.9%). ceftriaxone 60 (13.1%) was the third most commonly prescribed antimicrobial agent. The mean duration of prescription of antimicrobial agents in the present study was 4.78 d and the mean cost of drug treatment was 787.54 rupees. The cost-effective regimen was that of aminoglycosides and imidazole.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The choice of antimicrobial agent was based on the local prevalence pattern of microorganisms. The intravenous administration of antibiotic prophylaxis immediately before or after the induction of anaesthesia is the most reliable method for ensuring effective serum concentration at the time of surgery. The antimicrobial agent chosen must cover all the most likely contaminating organisms.</p>

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