Frequency and pattern of respiratory diseases in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1567
Author(s):  
Urooj Samoo ◽  
Shaista Ehsan ◽  
Farah Agha
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Respiratory tract infections are a major cause of   morbidity and mortality in children. Therefore, it is imperative that research studies be conducted to determine the pattern of respiratory diseases in the pediatric age group. Present study was done to determine the outcome, frequency and pattern of respiratory infections in children admitted in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2014 to February 2016. Data was analyzed on SPSS 20.0. P value of <0.05 was observed noteworthy.Results: A total of 286 children were admitted with respiratory diseases. Out of these there were 180 cases of Pneumonia. Peak occurrence of Pneumonia was observed in first trimester of the year.Conclusions: Efforts are required to devise strategies to decrease the burden of respiratory diseases in children.  

scholarly journals Frequency of Cystic Fibrosis in Children with Recurrent Respiratory Infections by Sweat Chloride Testing: A Hospital-Based Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-305
Author(s):  
Nahdia Zaman ◽  
Anam Zafar ◽  
Maryam Amjad ◽  
Shahzadi Sumbal Ghazi ◽  
Uzma Abid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sweat Chloride ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Infections ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective: This study was designed to find out the frequency of cystic fibrosis in children with recurrent respiratory infections by performing a sweat chloride test.Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from 1st September 2015 to 28th February 2016 in the department of Pediatric Medicine at the Children’s Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore after ethical approval. A total of 300 cases of recurrent respiratory tract infections were included. The sweat chloride test was done by using pilocarpine-induced iontophoresis and measuring chloride levels on the forearm or thigh by sweat analyzer at the time of induction. Cystic fibrosis was labeled if sweat chloride level ranges above 60 mEq/L. Data was collected on Performa and SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data. Results: Mean age of patients was 6.24 ± 2.7 years with 52.7% males and 47.3% females. Most patients (86.3%) have more than 5 episodes of respiratory infection in a year. Cystic fibrosis was diagnosed in 19 (6.3%) patients. There was no relationship between the frequency of respiratory infections in a year and cystic fibrosis (p-value 0.78).Conclusion: This hospital-based study showed quite a high incidence of cystic fibrosis in our population. So facilities including neonatal screening along with sweat chloride testing and genetic analysis should be increased.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study on prescription pattern of drugs in upper respiratory tract infections in a tertiary care hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Divya Bade ◽  
Shivashankaramurthy K. G. ◽  
Kiran L. J. ◽  
Raghuprasada M. S. ◽  
Harishkumar V. S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Upper respiratory tract infections are one of the leading causes of hospital visits worldwide. Judicious use of antibiotics is challenging for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in developing countries like India. This leads to inappropriate use of antibiotics causing many dreaded conditions like antibacterial resistance among other things. Hence rational use of drugs, mainly antibacterial, is a priority to reduce the burden of treatment failure. The objective of this study is to study the prescribing patterns and rationality of drugs prescribed in the management of URTIs.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Data was collected from records of 300 outpatients clinically diagnosed as URTIs from SSIMS and RC Hospital, Davangere between January 2015 and June 2016. The prescribing patterns, approval status and listing of drugs in World Health Organization (WHO) essential medicines list/ National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) were analysed. The data was presented as percentages, mean and standard deviations.Results: A total of 300 cases were studied. Among these, acute pharyngitis (29%) and acute sinusitis (26%) are the most common infections. Of the 300 cases studied, 283 (94.3%) were prescribed antimicrobials. Of the total 740 medications prescribed, 393 (53.1%) were fixed-dose combinations (FDCs). A total of 724 medications (97.8%) were approved by Drugs Controller General of India and 248 (33.5%) by Food and Drug Administration. Only 5.8% of the prescribed drugs have been listed in WHO’s and NLEM. The most common class of antibacterials prescribed was Beta-lactams.Conclusions: Oral formulations were preferred over parenteral formulations and FDCs were preferred over single drug formulations. Beta-lactams comprised the major class of antibacterial prescribed.

scholarly journals Contraception Reduces Breast Milk Protein Level of Breastfeeding Mothers in Jember, East Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Nuzula Irfa Nuriana ◽  
FX. Ady Soesetijo ◽  
Candra Bumi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Keywords Infection

The protein level of breast milk affected the growth and development of infants. Protein has special function which is irreplaceable by other nutrients to form and protect the body cells. Protein also plays a role as antibody, functions as the body defense mechanism against various diseases and infections. Infant death in Indonesia is mostly caused by respiratory tract infections and diarrhea. Breastfeeding can help to prevent the occurrence of morbidity and mortality of infants and toddlers in which the breast milk contains many essential nutrients needed by the body, one of them is protein. The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of contraception on breast milk protein level of breastfeeding mothers in Jember regency. The design of this research was observational analytic with cross sectional approach, using statistic test of logistic regression. The result of the research showed that the effect of contraception on the protein level of breast milk obtained p-value=0.021 with Exp(B)=566.263. Based on the research, it can be concluded that there was an effect of contraception on breast milk protein level. Keywords: infection; breastmilk protein; contraception

scholarly journals Barriers to the early initiation of Insulin therapy among diabetic patients coming to diabetic clinics of tertiary care hospitals

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqra Arshad ◽  
Sara Mohsin ◽  
Sana Iftikhar ◽  
Tahseen Kazmi ◽  
Luqman F. Nagi
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Early Initiation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Oral Medications ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

Background and Objective: Initiation of Insulin therapy during earlier stages has proved to significantly improve health outcomes among diabetics in comparison to oral medications. Not only patients but physicians are also often resistant to early initiation of insulin therapy. The objective was to assess misconceptions and barriers to early initiation of insulin therapy among diabetic patients coming to a diabetic clinic. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 300 patients selected by convenience sampling arriving in Diabetes Outdoor Clinics of Mayo and Services Hospitals, Lahore during August 2017 to May 2018. The data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 17. Results: Out of 300 patients included in study, 39% (n= 117) were males and 61% (n=183) were females. The mean age of the participants at presentation was 48.46±13.15 years with a range of 13 to 80 years. Study participants considered it embarrassing to inject insulin in public place (p-value 0.01). The fear associated with lifelong commitment to insulin therapy once it is started, was also found statistically significant (p-value 0.001)particularly in subjects who have long duration of DM (>5 years). Conclusion: Perceptions of diabetic patients about insulin therapy are still barriers to early initiation of therapy and tend to prevail in Pakistan and around the globe. How to cite this:Arshad I, Mohsin S, Iftikhar S, Kazmi T, Nagi LF. Barriers to the early initiation of Insulin therapy among diabetic patients coming to diabetic clinics of tertiary care hospitals. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.1.237 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Thyroid dysfunction in patients of metabolic syndrome: A study from a tertiary care center in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Ritu Gupta ◽  
Akhil K Vijayan ◽  
Sushma Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
P Value ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Metabolic syndrome is characterized by hypertension, dyslipidemia, central obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance. Thyroid hormone acts as general pacemaker, accelerating metabolic process and may be associated with metabolic syndrome. There is no information available in literature regarding the prevalence and association of thyroid dysfunction in metabolic syndrome in this central region of the country. Aims and Objective: To estimate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients of metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods: It is a duration based prospective cross sectional study including 200 patients of metabolic syndrome. A detailed history, clinical examination and relevant investigations including serum Free T4 (FT4), Free T3 (FT3), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) were done. Range, frequencies, percentage, mean, standard deviation and P value were calculated. P value of < 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in metabolic syndrome patients was 28.5%. Prevalence of subclinical and overt hypothyroidism was 18.5% and 8.5% respectively. In patients with both metabolic syndrome and thyroid dysfunction, most common components associated are diabetes mellitus and hypertriglyceridemia. Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction is significantly common in metabolic syndrome patients. It should be aggressively detected and treated in these patients for better outcome.

Increased frequency of fibromyalgia among patients with chronic pain presenting to internal medicine clinics of a tertiary care hospital: a cross sectional study

2022 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Javed ◽  
Muhammad Zaid ◽  
Sumera Imran ◽  
Ayesha Hai ◽  
Muhammad Junaid Patel
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
National Language ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio

Objective: To estimate the frequency of patients with fibromyalgia (by using the 2010 Modified Criteria for Fibromyalgia by American College of Rheumatology ( ACR ) presenting to Internal Medicine clinics  Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in the department of Internal Medicine, the Indus Hospital, khi, Pakistan between December 2016 and March 2018. Patients who visited internal medicine clinics, met the selection criteria, were included in the study. After taking informed consent patients were assessed for fibromyalgia according to the new 2010 Fibromyalgia Diagnostic criteria questionnaire. The patients were asked the questions in the national language, Urdu. Data analyzed using SPSS version 21. P value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Of the 267 patients presenting to the internal medicine clinics and consenting for participating in the study 149 (55.80%) met at least one of the 2010 Fibromyalgia Criteria. The prevalence of fibromyalgia as estimated in this study was 56% with no difference in gender. Mean age of patients with fibromyalgia was 42.3 ± 14.6 and patients without fibromyalgia was 38.9 ± 13.7 which was statistically significant (p-value = 0.05, 10% level of significance). Of the 267 patient 197 (73.8%) were female and 70 (26.2%) were males, a male to female ratio of 1:2.81.  Conclusion: All patients with generalized pain should be evaluated for fibromyalgia and a diagnosis made to reduce the cost of further referrals and investigations and delay in the management of this debilitating disorder. Keywords: Fibromyalgia, Chronic fatigue, Generalized Pain  

scholarly journals Antibiotic Prescribing Practices and Errors among Hospitalized Pediatric Patients Suffering from Acute Respiratory Tract Infections: A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study in Pakistan

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Iftikhar ◽  
Muhammad Rehan Sarwar ◽  
Anum Saqib ◽  
Muhammad Sarfraz ◽  
Qurat-ul-ain Shoaib
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
P Value ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Prescribing Errors ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Background and objective: The noncompliance of treatment guidelines by healthcare professionals, along with physiological variations, makes the pediatric population more prone to antibiotic prescribing errors. The present study aims to evaluate the prescribing practices and errors of the most frequently prescribed antibiotics among pediatric patients suffering from acute respiratory tract infections who had different lengths of stay (LOS) in public hospitals. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in five tertiary-care public hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan, between 1 January 2017 and 30 June 2017. The study population consisted of pediatric inpatients aged 0 to 9 years. Results: Among the 11,892 pediatric inpatients, 82.8% were suffering from lower acute respiratory tract infections and had long LOS (53.1%) in hospital. Penicillins (52.4%), cephalosporins (16.8%), and macrolides (8.9%) were the most frequently prescribed antibiotics. Overall, 40.8% of the cases had antibiotic prescribing errors related to wrong dose (19.9%), wrong frequency (18.9%), and duplicate therapy (18.1%). Most of these errors were found in the records of patients who had long LOS in hospital (53.1%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds of prescribing errors were lower in female patients (OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.1–0.9, p-value = 0.012). Patients who were prescribed with ≥3 antibiotics per prescription (OR = 1.724, 95% CI = 1.1–2.1, p-value = 0.020), had long LOS (OR = 12.5, 95% CI = 10.1–17.6, p-value < 0.001), and were suffering from upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.7–3.9, p-value < 0.001) were more likely to experience prescribing errors. Conclusion: Antibiotics were commonly prescribed to patients who had long LOS. Prescribing errors (wrong dose, wrong frequency, and duplicate therapy) were commonly found in cases of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), especially among those who had prolonged stay in hospital.

scholarly journals Number of siblings and allergic rhinitis in children

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Soewira Sastra ◽  
Lily Irsa ◽  
Muhammad Sjabaroeddin Loebis ◽  
Rita Evalina
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Choanal Atresia ◽  
International Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Atopic Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nasal Tumors ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Older Siblings

Background Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood. Recent studies have suggested that having fewer siblings was associated with allergic rhinitis and atopic diseases in children. Previous studies also indicated that older siblings was associated with higher incidence of allergic rhinitis.Objectives To assess for a possible association between number of siblings and allergic rhinitis and to assess for an effect of birth order on allergic rhinitis in children.Methods We performed a cross-sectional study among school children aged 7 to 15 years, in the West Medan District from July to August 2011. Children with moderate or high risk of allergy were included. Subjects were divided into two groups, those with <3 siblings or ≥3 siblings. Children with acute respiratory tract infections, septal deviation, choanal atresia, nasal polyps, nasal tumors, or nasal foreign body were excluded. Risk of allergy was determined using the Indonesian Pediatrics Allergy Immunology Working Group trace card scoring system. Identification of allergic rhinitis and evaluation of its severity were done by use of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) core questionnaire. Allergic rhinitis was diagnosed based on history, physical examination, and anterior rhinoscopy.Results A total of 78 subjects were enrolled. Allergic rhinitis was significantly higher in children with <3 siblings than those with ≥3 siblings (OR 10.33; 95%CI 3.569 to 29.916). Furthermore, allergic rhinitis was significantly higher in first-born children than in their younger siblings (P=0.0001).Conclusion Larger number of siblings and non-first-born children are associated with lower incidence of allergic rhinitis in children.

scholarly journals Feto-maternal outcome in pregnancy beyond 40 weeks

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paras V. Dobariya ◽  
Parul T. Shah ◽  
Hina K. Ganatra
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Perinatal Morbidity ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Fetal, Neonatal and Maternal complications associated with pregnancy beyond 40 weeks have always been underestimated. However emerging evidence demonstrates that the incidence of complications increases after 40 weeks of gestation. The present study conducted to find out the fetomaternal outcome of such prolonged pregnancy.Methods: A prospective cross sectional study of 84 patients with uncomplicated prolonged pregnancy fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria and admitted in department of obstetrics and gynecology at a tertiary care hospital. The aim of the study was to know fetomaternal outcome in pregnancy beyond 40 weeks in consideration of spontaneous and induced labour.Results: Out of 84 patients, 58 (69.05%) were in the age group of 20-30 years, 44 (52.38%) were between 41-42 weeks of gestation according to their LMP and 38(45.24%) were between 40-41 weeks of gestation. In 27 (32.14%) patients mode of delivery was caesarean section, in whom most common indication being fetal distress in 48.15% followed by failure to progress in 22.22%. In present study perinatal morbidity like IUFD, neonatal asphyxia, MAS, RDS were 4.76%, 9.52%, 7.14% and 3.57% respectively. Maternal morbidity like prolonged labor, PPH, fever, wound infection were 10.71%, 5.95%, 3.57% and 3.57% respectively.Conclusions: With Regular antenatal check-up, incidence of postdate pregnancy can be decreased and it is important because of definite risk to fetus as pregnancy continuing beyond 40 weeks of gestation is associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality especially those who do not come for regular antenatal check-up. Confirmation of diagnosis of exact term of pregnancy is very important as many patients don’t have regular menstrual history and LMP. Diagnosis can be confirmed by first trimester ultrasound which is most important non-invasive method and readily available.

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