Outcome of acute renal failure in children in Chennai, India

Background: Acute Renal Failure (ARF) is one of the common causes of morbidity and mortality in children. With the availability of increasing knowledge and awareness, dialysis facilities and excellent supportive treatment, the overall outcome is changing. This study is undertaken to find out the outcome of ARF in children.Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was done in Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, (ICH and HC) Egmore, Chennai from February 2014 to January 2016. Children with elevated blood urea (>40 mgs/dl) and serum creatinine (>1 mg/dl) were included and evaluated for etiology, treatment modality and outcome and other co-morbid features. Data was analysed on SPSS 20.0. P value of <0.05 was considered significant.Results: A total of 105 children (65 boys, 40 girls) from newborn period to 12 years were examined. The common age of presentation of ARF is 1-4 years with a male preponderance and acute glomerulonephritis were found to be commonest cause. There was no statistically significant difference in mortality in relation to age group (P 0.98). There was a statistically significant difference in mortality in relation to duration of oliguria (P 0.02), Serum creatinine levels (P 0.03). The role of other biochemical values like serum potassium (P 0.14), serum bicarbonate (P 0.59) were not found statistically significant. Peritoneal dialysis in general improves survival, but it is not statistically significant (P 0.33). Systemic complications associated with ARF increases mortality and it is statistically significant (Chi- square value = 9.13, P = 0.003).Conclusions: ARF in children is due to transient disorders and early referral to major centres even with 1-2 days oliguria and early treatment will improve the prognosis. Peritoneal dialysis in severe ARF with associated complications really helped the children.

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Frequency of factors leading to acute renal failure in obstetric patients.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.06.4204 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (05) ◽

pp. 640-646

Author(s):

Shaheena Zafar ◽

Riffat Jaleeel ◽

Kouser Karim Lodhani

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Acute Renal Failure ◽

Serum Creatinine ◽

Placental Abruption ◽

Post Partum ◽

Common Factor ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional

Objective: To determine the frequency of factors leading to acute renal failure in obstetric patients. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Civil Hospital Karachi, Tertiary Care Hospital. Period: July 2015- Jan 2016. Material & Methods: Total 250 women during pregnancy and within 42 days after delivery who were diagnosed as ARF were included. Serum creatinine was done on admission and then after 24 hours of delievery. Those with urine output < 30ml / hour and serum creatinine > 1.5 mg / dl were recruited. All data was recorded on proforma. Results: The average age of the women was 29.36±5.87 years. Post-partum hemorrhage was the important and common factor i.e. 40.4%, followed by placental abruption 25.6%, Severe pre-eclampsia 18.4%, puerperal sepsis 8.4% and eclampsia 7.2%. Conclusion: Ante partum hemorrhage like placental abruption, eclampsia and preeclampsia, and postpartum hemorrhages’ are the major causes of obstetrical ARF. Good antenatal care and provision of universal health facility can prevent this dangerous condition. Though it is a treatable and curable complication, but if not diagnosed and treated timely, it can lead to significant maternal morbidity and mortality.

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Protective Effect of Prostaglandin [PGE2] in Glycerol-Induced Acute Renal Failure in Rats

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0550505 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 55 (5) ◽

pp. 505-507 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

R. Werb ◽

W. F. Clark ◽

R. M. Lindsay ◽

E. O. P. Jones ◽

D. I. Turnbull ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Acute Renal Failure ◽

Serum Creatinine ◽

Prostaglandin E2 ◽

Serum Creatinine Concentration ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Glomerular Permeability ◽

Creatinine Concentration ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group B

1. Acute renal failure was induced in female Sprague—Dawley rats by the subcutaneous injection of glycerol. 2. Four groups of rats were studied; all animals received a glycerol challenge. Group A (control) were sham-operated only, group B received an infusion of sodium chloride solution (150 mmol/l; saline) for 24 h, group C received an infusion containing prostaglandin E2 (PGE2, 1.7 μmol/l) in saline and group D a solution containing PGE2 (3.4 μmol/l) in saline. 3. All rats were killed 48 h after glycerol challenge. The degree of renal impairment was assessed by serum creatinine concentration, which did not differ in sham-operated animals and the group receiving saline alone. The group of rats receiving the lower dose of PGE2 has a significantly lower mean serum creatinine concentration than the saline-infused control rats (P < 0.0025). Creatinine concentration was further lowered by the higher dose of PGE2 but there was not a significant difference in the number of rats showing severe tubular necrosis histologically. 4. The study demonstrates that intravenous infusion of prostaglandin E2 has a protective influence on glycerol-induced renal failure in the rat; the protection afforded may be due to the vasodilator effect of PGE2 and/or an effect on glomerular permeability.

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Abnormal Fibrin Stabilization in Renal Failure

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1651436 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 22 (02) ◽

pp. 216-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. S Losowsky ◽

W. D Walls

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Wound Healing ◽

Acute Renal Failure ◽

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Chronic Renal Failure ◽

Plasma Fibrinogen ◽

Contributory Factor ◽

Quantitative Technique ◽

Significant Difference

SummaryPlasma F.S.F. activity was measured by a quantitative technique in 41 patients with renal failure. It was subnormal in 35, being undemonstrable in 32.There was no significant difference in activity between patients with acute and patients with chronic renal failure, and co-existing jaundice had no significant effect on plasma F. S. F. activity.Plasma fibrinogen concentrations were frequently increased. Patients with the highest levels of plasma fibrinogen tended to retain demonstrable F.S.F. activity.Plasma F.S.F. activity was not related to the height of the blood urea.Haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis had no significant effect on plasma F.S.F. activity.Plasma F.S.F. activity returned to normal following recovery of acute renal failure.Diminished plasma F.S.F. activity did not appear to be responsible for abnormal haemorrhage although it may act as a contributory factor.It is suggested that impaired fibrin stabilization might be responsible for abnormal wound healing in uraemia.

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Continuous Equilibration Peritoneal Dialysis (CEPD) in Hypercatabolic Renal FAILURE

Peritoneal Dialysis International ◽

10.1177/089686088300300404 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 178-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Antony Katirtzoglou Peter Kontesis ◽

Dora Myopoulou-Symvoulidis George E ◽

Digenis Alex Symvoulidis ◽

Zacharias Komninos

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Acute Renal Failure ◽

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Chronic Renal Failure ◽

Serum Creatinine ◽

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Serum Potassium

Continuous equilibration peritoneal dialysis (CEPD) is similar to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) except that the patients are not ambulatory. CEPD was applied to five hypercatabolic and seven non-hypercatabolic patients with acute renal failure (ARF) or exacerbation of chronic renal failure (CRF). Serum potassium became normal within 24 hours of the initiation of CEPD, while the decrease and maintenance of blood urea and serum creatinine were not significantly different in the two groups. These results indicate that CEPD is effective in patients with hypercatabolic renal failure.

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Evaluation of Candidal Carriage Among Smokers and Non-Smokers

Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College ◽

10.51985/jbumdc2019095 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 266-270

Author(s):

Umar Irfan ◽

Salik Rasool ◽

Perveen Memon ◽

Shazia Irum ◽

Bushra Jabeen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Candida Glabrata ◽

Health Sciences ◽

P Value ◽

Age Group ◽

Cotton Swab ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Common ◽

Sterile Cotton Swab

Objectives: To determine the Candidal carriage among smokers and non-smokers and with different intra-oral sites including examination of various biotypes of Candida. Study design and setting: Cross-sectional based study conducted at Dr. Ishrat ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences and Dow International Dental College, Karachi, from May 2017 till April 2018. Methodology: Comprised 100 patients (50 smokers and 50 nonsmokers) between 20 and 60 years of age. The collection was performed through sterile cotton swab to evaluate oral Candidal carriage and the colonizing Candida species using Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and API20C AUX (BIOMERIEUX). Data was analyzed Spss version 20. Results: A total of 100 participants (50 smokers and 50 non-smokers) were evaluated for candidal carriage. The common age group was 20-30 years in both the groups, without significant difference (p-value 0.79). Frequency of candidal carriage was comparable among smokers 14 (28.0%) to non-smokers 10 (20.0%), with a statistically insignificant p-value 0.35. Based on various biotypes among smokers and non-smokers, Candida albicans was 9(18%) and 7(14%), Candida glabrata was 4(8%) and 2(4%); and Candida tropicallis was 1(2%) each for both smokers and non smokers. Dorsum of tongue harbored all prevalent biotypes i.e. Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis as statistically significant among smokers (p-value 0.04). Conclusion: Candidal carriage was comparable among smokers and non-smokers. Candida albicans and Candida glabrata were the common biotypes predominantly among smokers

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Perbedaan Penggunaan Antikoagulan K2EDTA DAN K3EDTA Terhadap Hasil Pemeriksaan Indeks Eritrosit

Jurnal Laboratorium Khatulistiwa ◽

10.30602/jlk.v1i2.147 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 114

Author(s):

Wahdaniah Wahdaniah ◽

Sri Tumpuk

Keyword(s):

Screening Test ◽

Venous Blood ◽

The Body ◽

Ethylene Diamine ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate ◽

The Difference ◽

Index Value

Abstract: Routine blood examination is the earliest blood test or screening test to determine the diagnosis of an abnormality. Blood easily froze if it is outside the body and can be prevented by the addition of anticoagulants, one of which Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA). Currently available vacuum tubes containing EDTA anticoagulants in the form of K2EDTA and K3EDTA. K3EDTA is usually a salt that has better stability than other EDTA salts because it shows a pH approaching a blood pH of about 6.4. The purpose of this research is to know the difference of erythrocyte index results include MCH, MCV and MCHC using K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA. This research is a cross sectional design. This study used venous blood samples mixed with K2EDTA anticoagulant and venous blood mixed with K3EDTA anticoagulants, each of 30 samples. Data were collected and analyzed using paired different test. Based on data analysis that has been done on MCH examination, p value <0,05 then there is a significant difference between samples with K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA to erythrocyte index value. Then on the examination of MCV and MCHC obtained p value <0.05 then there is no significant difference between samples with K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA to erythrocyte index value.Abstrak: Pemeriksaan darah rutin merupakan pemeriksaan darah yang paling awal atau screening test untuk mengetahui diagnosis suatu kelainan. Darah mudah membeku jika berada diluar tubuh dan bisa dicegah dengan penambahan antikoagulan, salah satunya Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA). Dewasa ini telah tersedia tabung vakum yang sudah berisi antikoagulan EDTA dalam bentuk K2EDTA dan K3EDTA. K3EDTA biasanya berupa garam yang mempunyai stabilitas yang lebih baik dari garam EDTA yang lain karena menunjukkan pH yang mendekati pH darah yaitu sekitar 6,4. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil indeks eritrosit meliputi MCH, MCV dan MCHC menggunakan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel darah vena yang dicampur dengan antikoagulan K2EDTA dan darah vena yang dicampur dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA, masing-masing sebanyak 30 sampel. Data dikumpulkan dan dianalisis menggunakan uji beda berpasangan. Berdasarkan analisis data yang telah dilakukan pada pemeriksaan MCH didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 maka ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sampel dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA terhadap nilai indeks eritrosit. Kemudian pada pemeriksaan MCV dan MCHC didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 maka tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sampel dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA terhadap nilai indeks eritrosit.

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Relationship Between Level of Heart Type Fatty Acid Binding Protein (Before and after Procedures) with Acute Renal Failure after PCI in Patients Under PCI

Cardiovascular & Haematological Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871529x19666190206153012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 41-46

Author(s):

Habib Haybar ◽

Ahmad R. Assareh ◽

Mina Mohammadzadeh ◽

Shahla A. Hovyzian

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Acute Renal Failure ◽

Serum Creatinine ◽

Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽

Coronary Intervention ◽

Good Test ◽

Fatty Acid Binding ◽

Percutaneous Coronary ◽

Before And After ◽

Specific Factors

Background & Objective: Acute renal failure (AKI) is one of the most important complications of PCI. Due to delay in creatinine increase, we need specific factors to detect AKI earlier. The aim of this study is to evaluate the valuable factors by focusing on HFAB-P that can be predictive for AKI after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). Methods: This prospective study was performed on 95 patients (55 males and 44 females aged between 49-78 years) under PCI in Golestan and Imam Khomeini hospitals in Ahvaz. Patients were divided into three groups based on the development of AKI after the procedure: no AKI, severe AKI (doubling of serum creatinine or needing dialysis) and any type of AKI (increased creatinine ≥ 0/3 mg/dl or a 50% increase in the means of 1/5 times serum creatinine). The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, the medical history and the results of the HFABP marker, GFR, and creatinine before and after PCI were evaluated for all patients. Results: The progenies showed 6 patients with severe AKI, 17 patients with any type of AKI, and 72 patients without AKI. Diabetes (P = 0.003), hypertension (P = 0.027), gender of patients (P = 0.025) and hospital admission days (P <0.001) were significantly different among the groups. Patients' age and positive troponin were significantly higher in patients with AKI. HFABP was the only factor that had significant changes before and after PCI (P <0.001). The cut-off value of HFABP was 4.69 with 95.6% sensitivity and 84.7% specificity. It has a good negative predictive value of 98.39% which suggests it to be a good test for the AKI prediction. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and creatinine (Cr) were significantly different after PCI (P <0.001). Conclusion: HFABP can be considered as a predictor for AKI after PCI. Moreover, our study suggests that evaluating several parameters such as Cr and GFR before and after PCI can predict the AKI development after PCI.

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Letter to the Editor: “Peritoneal Dialysis in Leptospirosis-Induced Acute Renal Failure: An Appraisal on Thai Patients”

Renal Failure ◽

10.1080/08860220500531302 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 201-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Viroj Wiwanitkit

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Acute Renal Failure ◽

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Letter To The Editor

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Safety climate and related factors in rehabilitation nurses of hospitals in Iran

Work ◽

10.3233/wor-203368 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Javad vatani ◽

Zahra Khanikosarkhizi ◽

Mohammad Ali Shahabi Rabori ◽

mohammad khandan ◽

Mohsen aminizadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Safety Climate ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Climate Assessment ◽

Safety Work ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Training Courses ◽

The Individual

BACKGROUND: Safety climate is a common insight of staff that indicates individuals’ attitudes toward safety and priority of safety at work. OBJECTIVES: Nursing is a risky job where paying attention to safety is crucial. The assessment of the safety climate is one of the methods to measure the safety conditions in this occupation. The aim of this study was to assess the safety climate of rehabilitation nurses working in hospitals in Tehran. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study which was carried out on 140 rehabilitation nurses selected from all hospitals and clinics in Tehran in 2019. To collect the required data, a two-section questionnaire was used. The first section was related to demographic factors and the second part (22 statements) was to measure the safety climate using nurses’ safety climate assessment questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS V16 using independent t-test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test at the 5% level. RESULTS: Findings showed that the total mean of safety climate was 3.06±0.56. According to the results, a significant difference was found between the positive and negative satisfaction of nurses with safety climates (P-value = 0.03), communication with nurses (P-value = 0.01) and supervisors’ attitude (P-value = 0.02). Furthermore, a significant difference in safety climate between the individual with the second job and the individual without second could be observed (P-value = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that the safety climate was not at an acceptable level. Thus, it is essential to introduce safety training courses (e.g. safety, work-rest balance, and so on) and to improve the safety performance at work.

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