scholarly journals Oral cancer epidemiology of Aurangabad district (Maharashtra) of India from 2005 to 2014: understanding the burden of disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 2275
Author(s):  
Vikram R. Niranjan ◽  
Sudarshan G. Ranpise
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Comprehensive Management ◽  
Periodic Data ◽  
Epidemiologic Profile ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients ◽  
Adjusted Rate

Background: Oral cancer incidence is constantly rising in India and is one of the major public health issues. This is a retrospective study from Aurangabad district (MS) of India to evaluate epidemiologic profile of oral cancer patients from 2005 to 2014. Methods: The 10 year data of oral cancer was obtained from the PCBR Aurangabad which was available from the National Cancer Registry Programme, Govt. of India web portal. The periodic data in three different spans was available as 2005 to 2008, 2009 to 2011 and 2012 to 2014. Statistical analysis used was age adjusted rate (AAR), crude rate (CR) and additive properties of CR. Results: The oral cancer trends from 2005 to 2014 reveals significantly increase in oral cancer incidence in population. In males, cancer of mouth (RP: 11.84% and AAR 7.37) was most common followed by tongue (RP: 9.62% and AAR 6.32) and pharynx (RP: 4.71% and AAR 2.79). In females cancer of tongue (RP: 3.31% and AAR 2.42) is most common followed by cancer of mouth (RP: 2.77% and AAR 1.91). Incidence of oral cancer as a whole for all sites is second highest after lung cancer in Aurangabad in male (cumulative AAR 17.93) and fourth highest after breast, cervix and lung cancer (cumulative AAR 6.06) in female out of all cancer sites in region in 2012-2014. Conclusions: Understanding pattern and incidence of various oral cancers is crucial for primary prevention and early detection for comprehensive management of cases. 

scholarly journals Chemoprevention of oral cancer using tretinoin biofilm- A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 1121-1125
Author(s):  
Harini M ◽  
Gheena S ◽  
Gayathri R
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Major Disease ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Current Point

Oral cancer is a major disease prevalent all over the world. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a well-known disorder that accounts for more than 90% of all oral cancers. Five percent of all tumors occur in the head and neck, and approximately half of those occur specifically pertaining to the oral cavity. Tretinoin biofilm is a cost-effective alternative method used in the chemoprevention of oral cancer. All relevant search engines (google scholar, PubMed, etc.) searched for the literature pertaining to oral cancer, chemopreventive methods and the use of Tretinoin 'biofilm' in oral cancer prevention. The data was collected, and quality analysis of the collected data was done. The knowledge in the current point of time analysed and thus the consensus was established. Oral cancer has proved to be a major disease with major health issues leading to morbidity and mortality among the patients. The treatment for oral cancer is expensive and invasive and hence cannot be approached by everyone, leading to unfortunate consequences. This technique if successful, has the potential to be employed worldwide to treat oral cancer patients leading to the betterment of health and lifestyle.

Emerging Mechanisms of Immunosuppression in Oral Cancers

2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (12) ◽  
pp. 1061-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jewett ◽  
C. Head ◽  
N.A. Cacalano
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients ◽  
And Function

Mounting effective anti-tumor immune responses against tumors by both the innate and adaptive immune effectors is important for the clearance of tumors. However, accumulated evidence indicates that immune responses that should otherwise suppress or eliminate transformed cells are themselves suppressed by the function of tumor cells in a variety of cancer patients, including those with oral cancers. Signaling abnormalities, spontaneous apoptosis, and reduced proliferation and function of circulating natural killer cells (NK), T-cells, dendritic cells (DC), and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been documented previously in oral cancer patients. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the functional deficiencies of tumor-associated immune cells in oral cancer patients. Both soluble factors and contact-mediated immunosuppression by the tumor cells have been implicated in the inhibition of immune cell function and the progression of tumors. More recently, elevated levels and function of key transcription factors in tumor cells, particularly NFκB and STAT3, have been shown to mediate immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment. This review will focus on these emerging mechanisms of immunosuppression in oral cancers.

scholarly journals The prospective evaluation and risk factors of dysphagia after surgery in patients with oral cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takumi Hasegawa ◽  
Nanae Yatagai ◽  
Tatsuya Furukawa ◽  
Emi Wakui ◽  
Izumi Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Neck Dissection ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Reconstructive Surgery ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Poor Group ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients

Abstract Background This prospective study investigated the change of swallowing ability using the Swallowing Ability Scale System (SASS) and swallowing-related quality of life (QOL) by Performance Status Scale for Head and Neck Cancer patients (PSS-H&N). This study also investigated the risk factors for postoperative dysphagia in patients who received reconstructive surgery for oral cancer. Subjects and Methods This study included 64 patients (33 men and 31 women) who underwent radical surgery with neck dissection and reconstructive surgery for oral cancers between July 2014 and February 2018. We evaluated risk factors for poor swallowing ability after treatment, including demographic factors, preoperative factors and perioperative factors, with univariate and multivariate analyses. The change of swallowing ability by the SASS and swallowing-related QOL by PSS-H&N were evaluated prospectively prior to the initiation of surgery within 1 week and at 1 and 3 months after treatment. Results Advanced T stage (T3, 4) (odds ratio (OR) = 79.71), bilateral neck dissection (OR = 20.66) and the resection of unilateral or bilateral suprahyoid muscles (OR = 17.00) were associated with poor swallowing ability after treatment. The scores for time for food intake and Eating in Public were associated with decrease of QOL in the poor group. Conclusions We propose that clinicians consider the risk factors identified in this study and pay close attention to the management of oral cancer patients with reconstructive surgery. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Effects of a simulation-based blended training model on nurses’ treatment decision-related knowledge about oral cancer in Taiwan: a pilot survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Chia-Chang Huang ◽  
Shiau-Shian Huang ◽  
Ying-Ying Yang ◽  
Shou-Yen Kao
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Blended Training ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients ◽  
Pre Treatment

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of VR simulations combined with bedside assignments on nurses' self-efficacy in providing pre-treatment educational services. Between March 2019 and November 2020, we conducted a study of VR educational materials that were developed to cover information about the treatment of oral cancers. The effects of the VR simulation, the thinking-path tracking map method, and bedside assignments on the nurses treatment decision-related knowledge were evaluated in a ward for oral cancer patients at Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. The blended training model significantly increased nurses' familiarity (P<0.01) and confidence (P<0.03) regarding their knowledge of treatments and treatment decision-related knowledge. This model also significantly increased their confidence in their skills in bedside pre-treatment education for admitted oral cancer patients (P<0.002). Oral cancer-specific VR materials enhanced the effectiveness of skills training among nurses in the oral cancer ward.

scholarly journals Surveillance of the Incidence and Mortality of Oral and Pharyngeal, Esophageal, and Lung Cancer in Nevada: Potential Implications of the Nevada Indoor Clean Air Act

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7966
Author(s):  
Kevin Foote ◽  
David Foote ◽  
Karl Kingsley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Lung Cancer Incidence ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Smoking Restrictions ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Us

Reviews of national and state-specific cancer registries have revealed differences in rates of oral, esophageal, and lung cancer incidence and mortality that have implications for public health research and policy. Many significant associations between these types of cancers and major risk factors, such as cigarette usage, may be influenced by public health policy such as smoking restrictions and bans—including the Nevada Clean Indoor Air Act (NCIAA) of 2006 (and subsequent modification in 2011). Although evaluation of general and regional advances in public policy have been previously evaluated, no recent studies have focused specifically on the changes to the epidemiology of oral and pharyngeal, esophageal, and lung cancer incidence and mortality in Nevada. Methods: Cancer incidence and mortality rate data were obtained from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (DCCPS) Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program. Most recently available rate changes in cancer incidence and mortality for Nevada included the years 2012–2016 and are age-adjusted to the year 2000 standard US population. This analysis revealed that the overall rates of incidence and mortality from these types of cancer in Nevada differs from that observed in the overall US population. For example, although the incidence rate of oral cancer is decreasing in the US overall (0.9%), it is stable in Nevada (0.0%). However, the incidence and mortality rates from esophageal cancer are also decreasing in the US (−1.1%, −1.2%, respectively), and are declining more rapidly in Nevada (−1.5%, −1.9%, respectively). Similarly, the incidence and mortality rates from lung are cancer are declining in the US (−2.5%, −2.4%, respectively) and are also declining more rapidly in Nevada (−3.2%, −3.1%, respectively). Analysis of previous epidemiologic data from Nevada (1999–2003) revealed the highest annual percent change (APC) in oral cancer incidence in the US was observed in Nevada (+4.6%), which corresponded with the highest APC in oral cancer mortality (+4.6%). Subsequent studies regarding reduced rates of cigarette use due to smoking restrictions and bans have suggested that follow up studies may reveal changes in the incidence and mortality rates of oral and other related cancers. This study analysis revealed that oral cancer incidence rates are no longer increasing in Nevada and that mortality rates have started to decline, although not as rapidly as the overall national rates. However, rapid decreases in both the incidence and mortality from esophageal and lung cancer were observed in Nevada, which strongly suggest the corresponding changes in oral cancer may be part of a larger epidemiologic shift resulting from improved public health policies that include indoor smoking restrictions and bans.

scholarly journals Oral Cancer Surgery and COVID 19 Pandemic: Our Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shehnaz Kantharia
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Operative Procedure ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Cancer Surgery ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Emergency Procedures ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients

The COVID 19 pandemic limited the clinical practice of Surgical Oncologists all over the world to performing emergency procedures and surgeries. During this initial period of two to three weeks we realised that further delay in the treatment of curable oral cancers would have serious adverse prognostic implications. So we started the process to formulate our own institutional guidelines to screen and test all preoperative asymptomatic oral cancer patients for COVID 19. All preoperative oral cancer patients were tested for Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT PCR) and a negative COVID RT PCR report was followed by HRCT Chest. We share our prospectively collected data of Oral Cancer Surgery patients from 14th April to 31st May 2020 with details of sub site, stage, operative procedure and type of reconstruction offered. Our institutional protocol to test all preoperative patients by the highly sensitive HRCT Chest combined with the gold standard RT PCR assay ensured the safety of our patients, attendants and the hospital staff.

scholarly journals Risk of depression in patients with oral cancer: a nationwide cohort study in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Yu Kung ◽  
Tsung-I Li ◽  
Chi-Hsiang Chung ◽  
Shiao-Pieng Lee ◽  
Gunng-Shinng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients

AbstractThis study investigates an association between oral cancers and the risk of developing depression. We conducted a total of 3031 patients with newly diagnosed oral cancers and 9093 age-, sex-, and index year-matched controls (1:3) from 2000 to 2013 were selected from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan. After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to compare the risk of depression over a 13-year follow-up. Of the patients with oral cancer, 69 (2.28%, or 288.57 per 105 person-years) developed depression compared to 150 (1.65%, 135.64 per 105 person-years) in the control group. The Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that the adjustment hazard ratio (HR) for subsequent depression in patients with oral cancer diagnosed was 2.224 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.641–3.013, p < 0.001). It is noteworthy that in the sensitivity analysis is the adjusted HR in the group with depression diagnosis was 3.392 and in the oral cancer subgroup of “Tongue” was 2.539. This study shows oral cancer was associated with a significantly increased risk for developing subsequent depression and early identification and treatment of depression in oral cancer patients is crucial.

ORAL CANCER - COVID 19 BOND.-: A TICKING BOMB???

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-11
Author(s):  
Rajalakshmi. G
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Biological Behaviour ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Carcinogenic Potential ◽  
Oncology Care ◽  
Oral Oncology

Cancer is liable for 9.6 million ostensive deaths worldwide but Covid 19 pandemic may further deepen the mortality rates. Oral cancer is a grave boisterous delinquent across the globe. It is the 6th most common malignancy in the world and India accounts for about one third of total global burden of oral cancers. According to World Health Organisation (WHO), nearly 40% of newly spotted oral cancer cases across the globe is accounted from Asian countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka. Recent data projected an increase of about 20% in mortality rates which may further upsurge after the consecutive waves of COVID-19 catastrophe. More than one lakh cancer are going undiagnosed per month in India as in a pandemic, other health issues may be deserted by the community and outed by medical domains. Though the carcinogenic potential of Covid -19 virus is not wholly explored but there are probable connotation in literatures. This transient over view is a modest attempt to fetch out the conceivable relation of covid 19 in hastening the biological behaviour of tumour cells. It also highlights the urgency of formulating national health policies to prioritise oral oncology care in India

scholarly journals Effect of Chemo-radiotherapy on Salivary Flora of Oral Cancer Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reeta Maurya ◽  
Madhup Rastogi ◽  
Manodeep Sen ◽  
Ajai Kumar Singh ◽  
Somali Sanyal
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Flora ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients ◽  
Post Radiation ◽  
Oropharyngeal Flora ◽  
And Control

Management of cancers of oral cancers has remained a major challenge in India and globally. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are mostly employed for treatment which inflicts changes in oral mucosa and makes it vulnerable for bacterial colonization and eventual infections. This study aims at evaluating the changes in oropharyngeal flora (bacteria and yeast) in oral cancer patients treated by a combination of chemo-radiotherapy with the control groups comprising of non-cancerous patients living in the same environment. This prospective evaluation included Seventy seven patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas in the study group. Whereas the control group comprised of twenty five non-cancerous patients. Saliva samples were collected from patients with oral carcinomas and those of the control group for bacteriological examination, and were transported within 2 hours to the laboratory and immediately inoculated and incubated. The oral microflora samples collected were evaluated for the presence of bacteria in saliva in both study and control group of patients. We evaluated the change in salivary oral flora during chemo-radiotherapy treatment. A statistically significant increase in growth of normal as well as abnormal oral flora was observed post-radiation. Escherichia coli showed a significant decrease in post-RT and also near to significant in control. Various changes in salivary oral flora were observed during the course of chemo-radiotherapy in study and controls groups. This shows that there are some sensitive spots in the oral cavity where the occurrence of oral cancer is more.

scholarly journals Correlation of clinical, radiological and histopathological cervical lymph node involvement in oral cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Mada Lakshmi Narayana ◽  
B. N. Kumarguru ◽  
Hameed Arafath A. ◽  
Urvashi Gaur ◽  
P. Lakshmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Lymph Node Enlargement ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography ◽  
Malignant Lymph Nodes

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Lymph node metastasis is the most important factor in the prognosis of oral cancers and survival drops by 50% in the presence of malignant lymph nodes. Most of the lymph node enlargement in oral cancers is due to tumor-associated inflammation rather than metastasis. The aim and objectives of the study was to assess the enlarged reactive and positive cervical lymph nodes clinically and radiologically with the histopathology of neck nodes.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> All the oral cancer patients were examined clinically for enlarged neck nodes and subjected to contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) oral cavity and neck. In CECT, all the characteristics of nodes were recorded, and after neck dissection, all levels of lymph nodes were assessed histopathologically.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In our study, 24 patients were included; among them, 31 enlarged lymph nodes were seen clinically. CECT showed a total of 90 enlarged lymph nodes which includes 21 positive nodes. In histopathology 538 lymph nodes were isolated, and among them, only 32 lymph nodes were found to be positive for malignancy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The detection rate of enlarged lymph nodes is more with histopathology than radiological and clinical examination. In our study, 94% of lymph node enlargement was proven to be reactive, which shows more tumor-associated inflammation.</p>

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