scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of domestic violence in a resettlement colony of union territory of Chandigarh, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 3079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenal M. Thakare ◽  
Ravleen K. Bakshi ◽  
Purushottam A. Giri ◽  
M. K. Sharma ◽  
N. K. Goel
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Field Practice ◽  
Culture Of Silence

Background: Domestic violence is not just a problem of the lower and middle classes. Domestic violence is a pervasive problem in India that cuts across age, education, social class and religion. Present study was done with the objectives to study the prevalence of domestic violence issue; to measure different types of domestic violence (i.e. physical, sexual and emotional) ; and to assess the correlation of different socioeconomic factors with occurrence of domestic violence in rural field practice area of Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in rural field practice area amongst 800 women of reproductive age group by interview technique after obtaining an informed consent from. The questionnaire was based upon National Family Health Survey-3 questionnaire. The data was fed in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using Epi Info statistical software.Results: The prevalence of any type of domestic violence was 17.75%. Most common type of violence was humiliation, followed by physical violence in the form of slap (14.5%), twist, push, punch and kick. More severe forms like burns, dislocation, cuts were low (1.75%). The prevalence of sexual violence was found to be 1%. Domestic violence was associated with illiteracy in women (p=0.001), low income of women (p<0.001), reserved category of family (p<0.001), alcohol consumption in husband (p<0.001), low income or unemployed husband (p<0.001). No association of domestic violence was found with unemployment in women and illiteracy in husband.Conclusions: It needs more education, empowerment and sensitization in both men and women to change the patriarchal nature of Indian society and to break the culture of silence and tolerance against such heinous crime of inhumanity. 

scholarly journals Knowledge and practice regarding menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls of rural field practice area of RIMS, Raipur (C. G.), India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neerja Agarwal ◽  
Nutan Soni ◽  
S. P. Singh ◽  
G. P. Soni
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Menstrual Hygiene ◽  
Inaccurate Information ◽  
Field Practice

Background: Adolescent age group among girls have been recognized as a special period which signifies the transition from girlhood to womanhood. Menstruation is generally considered as unclean in the Indian society. Most of the adolescent girls had incomplete and inaccurate information about the menstrual physiology and hygiene as reported by many Indian studies. Very few authors have included the detailed aspects of the menstrual practices among adolescent girls.Methods: The current Community based cross sectional study was conducted by department of obstetrics and Gynaecology in connection with department of community medicine, Raipur Institute of Medical Science, Raipur (C.G), India. Among the adolescent school going girls in the field practice area of the Rural Health Unit and Training Centre during study period of 6 month from July 2017 to December 2017. 263 girls from the above mentioned schools, of the 8th and 9th standards, were selected for the study.Results: Majority of the school going adolescent girls belongs to 13 and 14 year of age. 50.95% , 21.67% and 12.93% girls reported that they had their menarche at the age of 13 year, 12 year and 14 year respectively. Majority of the girls were using cloth (49.81%) and only 17.87% were using sanitary napkins. Cleaning of external genitalia was not satisfactory in 32.70% of the girls. Only 58.17% girls used both soap and water for cleaning the genitalia. Pain in abdomen (59.70%) was found to be the most frequent complaint during menstruation.Conclusions: Knowledge on menstruation is sub-optimal and the practices are unacceptable for proper hygiene among study subjects. Menstrual hygiene is an important issue needs to be ensured.

Social capital and related socio-demographic variation in women of reproductive age: A population-based study

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azam Baheiraei ◽  
Fatemeh Bakouei ◽  
Eesa Mohammadi ◽  
Reza Majdzadeh ◽  
Seyed Mostafa Hosseni
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Low Income Families

In this population-based cross-sectional study of women of reproductive age in Tehran, Iran, the social capital integrated questionnaire and socio-demographic questionnaire were used. The highest mean scores were related to social cohesion and inclusion dimension (55.72 ± 11.94) and the lowest mean scores to groups and networks dimension (31.78 ± 19.43). Stepwise multiple linear regressions showed the significant association between dimensions of social capital and certain socio-demographic variables, particularly family income. Policy makers should help low-income families by designing effective interventions for improving the status of social capital in this group, because it is considered one of the social determinants of health.

scholarly journals Dietary Quality of Women of Reproductive Age in Low-Income Settings: A Cross-Sectional Study in Kyrgyzstan

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Aiperi Otunchieva ◽  
Jamila Smanalieva ◽  
Angelika Ploeger
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy

Dietary diversity and adequate nutrient intake are essential for conducting a healthy life. However, women in low-income settings often face difficulties in ensuring dietary quality. This research assessed relationships between the dietary diversity, nutrient adequacy, and socio-economic factors among women of reproductive age (WRA) in Kyrgyzstan. A cross-sectional study was undertaken in four locations, including two rural and two urban areas in the north and south of Kyrgyzstan. A survey with pre-coded and open-ended questions was employed during the interviews of 423 WRAs aged 18–49. Data collection was conducted in March–May 2021. The average value body mass index (BMI) of WRA was 24.2 ± 4.6 kg/m2. The dietary diversity score (DDS) was higher among rural women (common language effect size) cles = 0.67, adjusted p < 0.001) in the northern region (cles = 0.61, p < 0.05) who have cropland (cles = 0.60, p < 0.001) and a farm animal (cles = 0.60, p < 0.05). Mean nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) was below 1 in most micronutrients, whereas thiamine, riboflavin, vitamins B6 and C, folic acid, calcium, and magnesium were even lower than 0.5. Women with a kitchen garden or a cropland had better NAR energy (cles = 0.57), NAR carbohydrate (cles = 0.60), NAR fiber (cles = 0.60), NAR vitamin B1 (cles = 0.53), and NAR folic acid (cles = 0.54). Respondents who receive remittances and a farm animal have better NARs for energy, carbohydrates, fiber, vitamin B1, folic acid, iron, zinc, and mean adequacy ratio for 16 nutrients (MAR 16) than those who do not. Education and income have a negative correlation with dietary quality. This study contributes to the limited literature on the quality of diets in Kyrgyzstan. Hidden hunger and undernutrition are a severe problem among WRA in low-income settings. Recommendations are including study programs in nutrition, teaching households farming practices, and raising awareness on adequate nutrition.

scholarly journals Evaluation of husband–wife communication regarding family planning among the couple of reproductive age group in the field practice area of Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dasari Gayathry ◽  
M. Ramsagar Reddy ◽  
B. V. Rammana
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Method Choice ◽  
Field Practice ◽  
Individual Decisions

Background: Fertility decisions occur within specific social contexts and social norms therefore restrict individual decisions on fertility and behaviors related to family planning such as spacing and limiting of births and using contraception which reflects the importance of effect of inter-spousal communication on the contraceptive method choice and future intention of method use. Hence the objective of present study is to evaluate the husband wife communication and contraceptive use, method choice and timing of initiation of discussion among couples in study area.Methods: A cross - sectional study was conducted during February 2013 - January 2014 among couples residing in the field practice study areas. A semi-structured questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic characteristics, questions related to awareness, sources and decision making towards family planning was administered to 406 couples of study area.Results: It has been observed that regarding decision making, about 39.4% of the men had taken a decision on the use of contraceptive methods, and only 21.7% wives had autonomy of using contraception of their choice. Around 67.5% of the men had discussion with their wives about the family planning and more than half (57%) of the time the discussion was initiated by men.Conclusions: Husband was the decision maker in nearly half of the couples and family planning was discussed among majority of respondents. Family planning education should be encouraged through effective IEC programs and strategies for promoting husband wife communication should be considered inorder to increase family planning adoption.

scholarly journals Factors associated with self-reported discrimination against men who have sex with men in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laio Magno ◽  
Inês Dourado ◽  
Luís Augusto V da Silva ◽  
Sandra Brignol ◽  
Ana Maria de Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Receptive Anal Intercourse ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Years Of Schooling

OBJECTIVE: To estimate self-reported discrimination due to sexual orientation among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Brazil and to analyze associated factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 3,859 MSM recruited in 2008–2009 with respondent driven sampling. Data collection conducted in health centers in 10 Brazilian cities. A face-to-face questionnaire was used and rapid HIV and syphilis tests conducted. Aggregated data were weighted and adjusted odds ratio estimated to measure the association between selected factors and self-reported discrimination due to sexual orientation. RESULTS: The sample was predominantly young, eight plus years of schooling, pardo (brown), single, low-income, and identified themselves as gay or homosexual. The prevalence of self-reported discrimination due to sexual orientation was 27.7% (95%CI 26.2–29.1). Discrimination was independently associated with: age < 30 years, more years of schooling,community involvement and support, history of sexual and physical violence, suicidal thoughts, and unprotected receptive anal intercourse. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of self-reported discrimination among MSM in Brazil is high. These results challenge the assumptions that MSM-specific prevention and support programs are not required or that health professionals do not need special training to address MSM needs.

Identifying Types of Domestic Violence and Its Associated Risk Factors in a Pregnant Population in Kerman Hospitals, Iran Republic

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohreh Salari ◽  
Nouzar Nakhaee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
Violence During Pregnancy ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of different kinds of physical and emotional violence in an Iranian pregnant population and to examine its associated risk factors. This cross-sectional study was done from March through July 2005 in the 4 main hospitals of Kerman, Iran, which had maternity units. In total, 416 out of 460 women who were asked to participate agreed to be interviewed, a 90.4% response rate. All respondents were interviewed privately during the first 48 hours after delivery. The mean age (± SD) was 28.0 ± 5.6, and all were married. Most of the women were urban residents (89.2%), and the majority of them were multiparous (78.8%). Nearly 16% of mothers said the pregnancies were unintended. In total, 35% (95% confidence interval: 30%-40%) of women had experienced 1 or more episodes of emotional violence during the pregnancy inflicted by their husbands, and 106 women (25%; 95% confidence interval: 21%-30%) had experienced at least 1 episode of physical violence. The highest odds of domestic violence during pregnancy was associated with unintended pregnancies (odds ratio: 7.66; 95% confidence interval: 3.45-16.99) and multiparous pregnancies (odds ratio: 6.88; 95% confidence interval: 3.46-13.68). Considering the high prevalence of different types of domestic violence during pregnancy, it should be regarded as a priority for health policy experts in Kerman and possibly Iran.

scholarly journals Current fertility desire and its associated factors among currently married eligible couples in urban and rural area of Puducherry, south India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1385-1395
Author(s):  
Ganesh Kumar Saya ◽  
Kariyarath Cheriyath Premarajan ◽  
Gautam Roy ◽  
Sonali Sarkar ◽  
Sitanshu Sekhar Kar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Fertility Desire ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Fertility

Background: There are paucity of studies on current fertility desire at community level. Objective: To assess current fertility desire and its associated factors among eligible couples of reproductive age group in Puducherry, India. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study from 2016 to 2017 among 2228 currently married eligible couples assessed socio-demographic and fertility-related factors associated with fertility desire. Data were collected based on the National Family Health Survey questionnaire. Association of fertility desire was assessed by univariate and generalised linear regression analysis. Results: Out of 1979 respondents, current fertility desire within two years was 13.7% (95% CI, 12.3%-15.3%). Mean number of children (SD) currently living and preferred was 1.77(0.851) and 2.11 (0.528) respectively. After adjusting for confounders, the significant factors positively associated with fertility desire include woman's age of 18–24 (APR = 2.91), 25-29 years (APR=2.48), 30-34 (APR=2.47), 35-39(APR=2.06), high socioeconomic status (APR=2.02), those without child (APR=52.35) and those with one child (APR=35.60). Conclusion: The fertility desire is comparatively lesser than other areas. Those without or with a single child and high so- cio-economic status group had comparatively more fertility desire. Keywords: Fertility desire; eligible couples; India.

scholarly journals Unmet needs of family planning and its associated factors among married women in reproductive age group, Mysuru

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5954
Author(s):  
Deepak Anil ◽  
Sunil Kumar D. ◽  
Vijaylakshmi Rao Vadaga ◽  
Arun Gopi ◽  
M. R. Narayana Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: According to national family health survey-5 (NFHS-5), in urban Karnataka, the total unmet need was 7.3. An important concept to describe effectiveness of family planning program is unmet need for family planning. Most married women want to limit childbirth and space deliveries but are unable to use contraceptives for varying reasons leading to unmet need. To assess unmet need of family planning and its associated factors among married women in reproductive age group in Mysuru.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was done from November 2020-January 2021 among married women in reproductive age group (18-49 years) in urban Mysuru. Sample size calculated was 162. The samples were selected by systematic random sampling and interviewed using a pre-tested semi- structured questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS version 23 (licensed to JSS AHER).Results: The overall unmet need was 29.01%, among this 17.3% was for spacing and 11.71% for limiting. Out of 162 females studied, around 131 had knowledge about at least one contraceptive method. Unmet need was higher in unemployed women belonging to the lower socio-economic group. Important reasons cited for not using contraceptives were family opposition, fear of side effects, negligent attitude of the women and lack of knowledge about family planning.Conclusions: Unmet need of family planning in the study area was comparatively high, therefore, routine family planning counselling, health education, and health awareness programs need to be strengthened.

scholarly journals Physical domestic violence trauma among women referred to the emergency department of imam khomeini hospital, urmia, iran

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-78
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Elementary Education ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trauma Severity

Introduction: Domestic violence is the most common form of violence against women that has negative effects on the health of the mother, children, family, and society. This study aimed to evaluate the trauma caused by physical violence in women referred to the Emergency Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia, Iran. Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on women referred to the Emergency Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia, Iran, with trauma in the First quarter of 2016. The patient files were used to collect the required data. Subsequently, the obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 18) through the chi-square test (P<0.001) Results: In total, 1746 women with trauma were referred to the Emergency Department in the First quarter of 2016, 38 of whom reported physical domestic violence. The mean age of the women was 37.57±5.54 years; moreover, 16 (42.1%) cases had elementary education, and 20 (52.6%) women were urban dwellers. Regarding the marital status, 33(86.8%)women were married. Considering the relationship between trauma severity and demographic characteristics, only education level showed a correlation with trauma severity. In total 14 (36.8%) and 11 (29%) cases had mild and severe traumas, respectively. Furthermore, the most injured parts were the limbs (n=16; 42.1%). Conclusion: The results showed a significant increase in the severity of trauma in women with lower education levels. Accordingly, improvements in the level of education may decrease the prevalence and severity of physical domestic violence, which requires appropriate planning to increase women's education level.

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