scholarly journals A study on health and nutritional status of children in rural and urban ICDS projects in Karimnagar

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1747
Author(s):  
Anil Moluguri ◽  
Dasari Gayathry ◽  
Sachin Gurnule
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
The Impact

Background: Malnutrition is a major public health problem. It continues to be a primary cause of ill health and mortality among children in developing countries. Preschool age is an important stage of life where the nutrition plays an important role and has long lasting effects in the later years of life. Hence the objective of the present study was to assess the nutritional and health status of under-five children covered under the ICDS project.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during March 2013-February 2014 among 846 children attending the rural and urban anganwadi centers of Karimnagar ICDS project. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data and was analyzed using Epi info version 7 and valid inferences were drawn.Results: It was observed in the present study that females (53.5%) were more compared to boys (46.5%), out of the total sample surveyed. In this study 87.6% were completely immunized and 12.4% were partially immunized. According to IAP classification of malnutrition, 27.7% children were mildly malnourished, 16.5% were moderately malnourished, 3.9 % were severely malnourished and 0.9 % was very severely malnourished.Conclusions: High prevalence of malnutrition was observed among children in both urban and rural area warrants urgent attention. ICDS projects should be periodically studied to evaluate the impact of interventions. Further exploratory studies are required to find of several risk factors of malnutrition.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status of Children and Its Associated Factors in Selected Earthquake-Affected VDCs of Gorkha District, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Asmita Shrestha ◽  
Chet Kant Bhusal ◽  
Binjwala Shrestha ◽  
Kiran Dev Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
Food Insecure Households

Background. Malnutrition is a major public health problem and most enveloping cause of morbidity and mortality among children and adolescents throughout the world. This study was aimed at assessing the nutritional status and associated factors among 6-10-year-old children in selected earthquake-affected areas of Gorkha district, Nepal. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study among 420 mothers having children of age groups 6-10 years (with anthropometric measurement among children) was conducted using a mixed method in selected earthquake-affected areas of Gorkha district, Nepal, from October 2015 to April 2016. Gorkha was selected purposively from 14 earthquake-affected districts. Two village development committees were selected randomly among 6 having severe impact. Randomly, 5 wards were selected from each of the 2 village development committees. As the sample was 420, 42 children were selected randomly from every ward. Result. Among the 420 children, 31.9% were underweight, 51.9% were stunted, and 2.9% were wasted after the earthquake. Children who were more prone to being underweight were the following: male children (RR=1.34 95% CI: 1.01-1.78) and children from illiterate mothers (RR=2.49, 95% CI: 1.85-3.36), illiterate fathers (RR=1.73, 95% CI: 1.32-2.27), and homemaker mothers (RR=0.28, 95% CI: 0.20-0.38); children whose families were using nonimproved sources of water (RR=2.60, 95% CI: 1.07-6.60); and households having food insecurity (RR=12.97, 95% CI: 3.29-51.18). Similarly, children of illiterate fathers (RR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.41-1.97), children of illiterate mothers (RR=2.32, 95% CI: 1.91-2.83), children of homemaker mothers (RR=0.59, 95% CI: 0.49-0.70), children whose family were using treated water (RR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.15-0.67), and children from food insecure households (RR=10.52, CI: 4.05-27.33) were found to be stunted. After adjustment, children from households consuming nonimproved water were 6 times more likely (OR=6.75; 95% CI: 1.59-28.62) to be wasted. Conclusion. Illiterate mothers, illiterate fathers, mothers engaged in occupation other than household work, and food insecure households were found to be independent predictors of underweight and stunting. Nonimproved source of drinking water was found to be independent predictors of wasting.

scholarly journals Tobacco and betel nut use among school going adolescents of South Gujarat region, India: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Bharatkumar Balkrishna Pandya ◽  
Upendrakumar Rameshbhai Chaudhari ◽  
Avirat A. Bhatt ◽  
Nilesh Thakor
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Betel Nut ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Adolescence Period ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Background: Adolescence period is very crucial in the life of an individual, when major physical, psychological and behavioral changes take place. Tobacco and Areca nut use among school going adolescent is becoming a major public health problem. Objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of smokeless tobacco and betel nut use among school going adolescents.Methods: The study was a cross sectional study. After taking the permission of principal of Government high schools of Vadodara and Surat city of Gujarat and consent of the parents of adolescents, 1107 adolescents were interviewed during March-April 2017. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Thus collected data was analyzed using SPSS 17 (Trial Version).Results: Age of the study students (total 1107) ranged from 10-19 years. (Mean age=14.61±2.85 years). Out of 1107 children 389 (35.1%) children had addiction. Prevalence of any type of addiction in girls and boys was 14.3% and 20.7% respectively. Tobacco prevalence was 13.4% and betel nut prevalence was 21.6%. Type of addiction and its association with gender was highly significant. All children addicted to tobacco using chewing form (gutkha) of tobacco. The mean age group of children who consume tobacco and betel nut was 16.13±1.32 years and 16.01±1.21 years respectively. Most common reasons among adolescents for starting addiction of tobacco and betel nut was to look mature (93.8%) followed by to look good (63.2%) and to refresh breathe (48.6%).Conclusions: High prevalence of tobacco and betel nut use among adolescents needs attention of parents, teachers and health officials.

Mass Drug Distribution Strategy Efficacy for Schistosomiasis Control in Mali (West Africa)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdoulaye Dabo ◽  
Mouctar Diallo ◽  
Privat Koba Agniwo ◽  
Salim Danté ◽  
Assitan Traoré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transmission Cycle ◽  
Heavy Infection ◽  
Girls School ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background - Schistosomiasis is a water-based parasitic disease caused by blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma. Mass Drug Distribution (MDD) with Praziquantel is periodically recommended in schistosomiasis-endemic countries to prevent morbidity. In Mali, schistosomiasis still remains endemic, especially in Senegal and Niger rivers basin, although the strategy has been adopted since 2005. Our study aimed to assess the impact of annual school-based MDD. Materials and methods – The study was conducted at twelve sentinel sites across Kayes and Koulikoro regions. A cross-sectional study design was performed in April 2018 after four-or five-years post treatment with praziquantel (PZQ) depending on the statute of sites. At baseline (2014-2015) and for the control year (2018), 734 (386 boys and 347 girls) and 1708 (844 boys and 864 girls) school children of 7-14 years of age, were successfully examined respectively. Infections with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni were diagnosed with the urine filtration and the Kato-Katz method respectively. Results – From eight schools treated in 2014, the four annual rounds of MDD with PZQ were associated with a significant decrease in S. haematobium prevalence in five sites (p<0,001) and a significant increase in one site (p<0,001). Of them, the prevalence of high-intensity (≥50 eggs/10mL of urine) significantly decreased in four previous sites but not in Diakalele where it increased ((p<0.001). In all the four sites treated in 2015, S. haematobium prevalence increased significantly in Kokoun and Samaya (P<0.05). The heavy infection increased slightly in Dougourakoro and Samaya (P>0.05). The prevalence of S. mansoni significantly decreased in three sites (p<0.001), increased in three and remains zero in the six others sites. Conclusion – Our findings show that five of the twelve sentinel sites have achieved the criterion of elimination of schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma haematobium as a major public health problem (Prevalence of heavy infection <1%); three have achieved the criterion of morbidity control (Prevalence of heavy infection <5%), whereas two sites remain confined below the control criterion. These results call for a strong improvement in the therapeutic coverage associating, education and provision of safe water, sanitation and hygiene to interrupt the transmission cycle of the schistosome.

scholarly journals Prevalence and role of risk factors for hypertension in 18-69 years of age in rural and urban areas of district Amritsar, Punjab, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chasham Mitra ◽  
Mohan Lal ◽  
Tejbir Singh ◽  
S. S. Deepti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Background: Hypertension is a major public health problem in India and its prevalence is high among rural and urban population. All the risk factors of lifestyle are known to cause the early onset and rapid worsening of hypertension.Methods:A cross sectional study was conducted. 1000 participants (500 rural and 500 urban) between the age group of 18-69 years were selected by systematic random sampling method from 5 villages and 5 urban wards of Amritsar city. Out of total, 500 males and 500 females were selected.Results: This study shows that 332 (33.2%) participants were hypertensive out of total 1000. The chances of Hypertension are directly proportional to age and shows peak between 50-59 years of age, 86 (59.72%). The prevalence among males and females was 32.4% and 34% respectively. Hypertension is highest in respondents with body mass index (BMI >30) i.e. 53.43%. The prevalence of hypertension was slightly higher among smokers than non-smokers and among vegetarians than non- vegetarians.Conclusions:Hence, it becomes necessary to adopt a lifestyle with regular physical activity for at-least 30 min a day, for 5 days of the week, to decrease prevalence of obesity and to maintain BMI within normal range. Thus awareness among communities should be raised regarding prevention of the risk factors for hypertension. 

scholarly journals Malnutrition and the presence of intestinal parasites in children from the poorest municipalities of Mexico

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 741-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Gutierrez-Jimenez ◽  
Maria G C Torres-Sanchez ◽  
Leamsi P Fajardo-Martinez ◽  
Maria A Schlie-Guzman ◽  
Lorena M Luna-Cazares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Enteric Parasites ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

Background: For many years Chiapas, Mexico's poorest state, has had the highest rate of child mortality due to intestinal infections of unknown etiology in the country. To begin identifying the infectious agents, our work determined the prevalence of intestinal parasites as well as malnutrition in children from Chiapas's three most impoverished municipalities: Pantepec, Chanal, and Larrainzar. Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, conducted between January and November 2009, we assessed the prevalence of intestinal parasites by means of coproparasitological analysis in children <5 years of age (N=250) from three of the marginalized municipalities: Pantepec, Chanal and Larrainzar. The prevalence of malnutrition was then assessed using the Mexican official norm NOM-031-SSA2-1999 and WHO criteria. We evaluated the association between age (breast-fed and pre-school children) with parasites and nutritional status. Results: Our analysis revealed the highest prevalence of intestinal parasites in children from Pantepec (62.8 %), followed by Chanal (47.3 %), and then Larrainzar (11.9 %). The nematode Ascaris lumbricoides was the most prevalent enteroparasite (33.6%). Anthropometric analysis revealed that >40% of children represented varying degrees of malnutrition and a marked constitutional delay in growth. A very high prevalence of stunting was also recorded in children from Chanal and Larrainzar (70% and 55 %, respectively). An association between infection with intestinal parasites and malnutrition was observed in Pantepec. Preschool-age children were more likely to be infected with intestinal parasites. Conclusion: Our results indicate the urgent need for interventions in order to 1) improve the nutritional status of children and 2) reduce infection rates of enteric parasites.

scholarly journals Characterization ofMycobacterium bovisfrom Humans and Cattle in Namwala District, Zambia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney Malama ◽  
Tone Bjordal Johansen ◽  
John Bwalya Muma ◽  
Musso Munyeme ◽  
Grace Mbulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Tuberculosis remains a major public health problem in Zambia. While human to human transmission ofMycobacterium tuberculosisis of major importance in driving the tuberculosis epidemic, the impact ofMycobacterium bovistransmission from infected cattle is largely unknown. This cross-sectional study aimed at molecular characterization ofM. bovisin humans and cattle. A total of 100 human sputum samples and 67 bovine tissues were collected and analyzed for the presence of mycobacteria. Of 65 human samples that harbored acid fast bacteria (AFB), 55 isolates were obtained of which 34 were identified asM. tuberculosisand 2 asM. bovis. AFB-positive bovine samples (n=67) yielded 47 mycobacterial isolates among which 25 were identified asM. bovisand noM. tuberculosiswas found. Among theM. bovisisolates, spoligotyping revealed a high homogeneity in genotypes circulating in Namwala district. Human and cattle isolates shared identical MIRU-VNTR genotypes, suggesting that transmission between the two hosts may occur. Therefore, this study has documented zoonotic TB in human patients in Namwala district of Zambia. However, further molecular epidemiological studies in the study area are recommended.

scholarly journals Tobacco and betel nut use among school going adolescents of government high school of Himmatnagar city, Gujarat, India: a cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Prajapati ◽  
Chintu C. Chaudhari ◽  
Grishma T. Dixit ◽  
Rajendra Gadhavi ◽  
Avirat A. Bhatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Betel Nut ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Adolescence Period ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Background: Adolescence period is very crucial in the life of an individual, when major physical, psychological and behavioral changes take place. Tobacco and areca nut use among school going adolescent is becoming a major public health problem. The aim was to determine the prevalence and pattern of smokeless tobacco and betel nut use among school going adolescents.Methods: The study was a cross sectional study. After taking the permission of principal of Government high school and consent of the parents of adolescents, 546 adolescents were interviewed during February-March 2016. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Thus collected data was analyzed using SPSS 17 (Trial Version). Results: Age of the study students (total 546) ranged from 10-19 years. (Mean age=14.60 ± 2.84 years). Out of 546 children 166 (30.4%) children had addiction. Prevalence of any type of addiction in girls and boys was 13.4% and 17.0% respectively. Tobacco prevalence was 12.3% and betel nut prevalence was 18.1%. Type of addiction and its association with gender was highly significant. All children addicted to tobacco using chewing form (gutkha) of tobacco. The mean age group of children who consume tobacco and betel nut was 16.14±1.33 years and 16.13±1.51 years respectively. Most common reasons among adolescents for starting addiction of tobacco and betel nut was to look mature (88.0%) followed by to look good (73.5%) and to refresh breathe (56.0%).Conclusions: High prevalence of tobacco and betel nut use among adolescents needs attention of parents, teachers and health officials.

Status of Schistosoma haematobium Infection among Pupils around the Kainji Dam, Niger State: A Paradigm Shift In Infection Rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Adewale ◽  
O Rahman ◽  
M Sulyman ◽  
C Uwalaka ◽  
M Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Schistosomiasis is the second most prevalent tropical disease after malaria, and a major public health problem among schoolagedchildren. This study was carried out to assess the current status of Schistosoma haematobium infection among pupils around Kainji Dam. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 5 communities around Kainji dam. Urine samples were collected and processed using the standard filtration technique. Filter papers were examined with compound microscope and eggs of S. haematobium were identified with their terminal spines. Data were analyzed with SPSS 23. The overall prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection among the 410 pupils examined was 5.1% and a geometric mean egg count of 5.97 eggs/10ml urine. There was statistically significant association between infection and age with peak infection in age group 12-14 (11.8%, x2 = 14.185, p < 0.005). The males (6.8%) were more infected than the females (2.9%) and there was no significant difference (Χ² =3.1, P>0.05) in infection among sexes. The occupation of Pupils' Parent was found to have a statistically significant association with the risk of being infected (x2 = 38.7, P<0.05), prevalence of infection was shared between the fishermen (47.6%) and farmers (52.4%). Compared to other studied communities, a pupil stands over 400times [OR 412.2 (95% CI: 52.4 – 3245.1)] risk of being infected with Schistosoma haematobium in Yuna community. The lack of infection in 3 of the studied communities could be attributed to the impact of current efforts at controlling Schistosoma haematobium infection around the Kainji dam which is a paradigm shift from what used to be experienced from previous studies. This current experience advocates for intensified efforts at total elimination. Keywords: Schistosoma haematobium, Prevalence, Pupils, Kainji dam

scholarly journals Prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in some endemically afflicted villages of district Doda, Jammu and Kashmir, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 406-410
Author(s):  
Sunil Arya ◽  
Sehrish Gazal ◽  
Anil K. Raina
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Health Significance

A cross-sectional study was conducted among the residents of three villages of Doda district, J&K. A total of 391 individuals (202 males and 189 females) were examined from 60 households by house to house survey for recording the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis by using Dean’s Index (1942) along with WHO health assessment form (1997b) and Community fluorosis Index. Of the total studied population 299 (76.47%) have found to be affected with various grades of dental fluorosis with moderate (33.5%) level of fluorosis to be the most frequent category observed. Prevalence of dental fluorosis was more in males (86.61%) than females (63.49%). No significant relation (P>0.05) between prevalence of dental fluorosis to the socioeconomic status was found. Community fluorosis Index was found to be 2.05 which denotes “marked” category of public health significance. High prevalence and high community fluorosis Index suggest that fluorosis is a major public health problem in the area.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 Home Confinement in Children’s Refractive Errors

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5347
Author(s):  
Cristina Alvarez-Peregrina ◽  
Clara Martinez-Perez ◽  
Cesar Villa-Collar ◽  
Cristina Andreu-Vázquez ◽  
Alicia Ruiz-Pomeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Population ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Visual Screening ◽  
Near Work ◽  
The Impact

Background: Myopia is a public health problem, with estimations that 50% of the world population will be myopic by 2050. Some environmental factors, such as time spent outdoors, doing near work, and using digital devices, influence the development of myopia in children. Home confinement in Spain has increased these risk factors, so this study aims to investigate the impact of home confinement during the COVID-19 outbreak in the vision of school-aged children; Methods: A cross-sectional study in children between 5 and 7 years old that completed a visual screening and a questionnaire about their lifestyles at opticians in Spain in September and October of 2019 and 2020. Statistical analysis to compare lifestyles pre and post confinement, and vision in 2020 versus a similar cohort examined at the same opticians in 2019, was conducted; Results: Spanish children spent less time outdoors and more time doing near work in 2020 than in 2019 (p ≤ 0.001). There was a significant decrease of the spherical equivalent (mean ± standard deviation; 0.66 ± 2.03 D in 2019 vs. 0.48 ± 1.81 D in 2020; p ≤ 0.001); Conclusions: Lifestyles of Spanish children changed during the home confinement at the beginning of 2020. Together with changes in their lifestyles, spherical equivalents have decreased, which implies higher figures of myopia for children aged between 5 and 7.

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