scholarly journals Recognition and interpretation of road signs by commercial drivers in Enugu Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 4181
Author(s):  
Wilfred O. Okenwa ◽  
Ikenna K. Ndu ◽  
Uchenna Ekwochi ◽  
Obinna C. Nduagubam ◽  
Ogechukwu F. Amadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Injury Death ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Road Signs ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Commercial Drivers ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest road injury death rate of all regions in the world with Nigeria being one of the four countries accounting for half of all these deaths. Road, traffic signs or codes are salient ways of communication to road users geared towards reducing road traffic accident and studies that traffic violation are considered to be amongst the causes of road traffic accidents. Recognition, interpretation and observance of road signs could be of great importance in reducing the incidence of road accidents. This study was aimed at assessing the knowledge of road signs by commercial drivers in Enugu South-East Nigeria.Methods: This was a cross sectional descriptive study carried out in Enugu metropolis over a period of 3 months using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Commercial drivers in Enugu participated in the study. Common road signs in their usual colors were showed to the drivers to test their ability to correctly identify the signs.Results: The mean age of the respondents was 42.4±9.6 years. Majority of the respondents, 59.4% are on intra-city transport route. Over 65% of the driver’s attained secondary education and beyond. Nearly a half (49.4%) of the drivers had poor knowledge of road signs. Drivers who have attained primary education and less (AOR=0.2, 95% CI: 0.1-0.3); who are on intra-city transport route (AOR=0.08, 95% CI: 0.05-0.1) or had less than 11 years driving experience (AOR=0.3, 95% CI: 0.1-0.5) were less likely to have good knowledge of road signs.Conclusions: Significant gaps still exist in knowledge of road signs among commercial drivers in Enugu, Nigeria. 

scholarly journals On-Site Evaluation of Smoking, Alcohol consumption and Physical Inactivity Among Commercial Taxi Drivers in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Aanuoluwa Odunayo Adedokun ◽  
Daniel Ter Goon ◽  
Eyitayo Omolara Owolabi ◽  
Oladele Vincent Adeniyi ◽  
Anthony Idowu Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Taxi Drivers ◽  
Commercial Drivers

BACKGROUND: Commercial drivers have been identified as eliciting behaviours that promote non- communicable diseases and road traffic accidents. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence and pattern of alcohol use, smoking and physical inactivity among commercial taxi drivers in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 403 commercial drivers using the face-to-face interviews method. The WHO STEPwise questionnaire was used to obtain the demographic data, self-reported rate of alcohol consumption, tobacco use and physical inactivity. RESULTS: The participants’ mean age was 43.3 ± 12.5 years. About 30% of the participants were daily smokers, 37% consumed alcohol regularly and only 18% were physically active, whilst 82% were physically inactive. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of alcohol use, smoking and physical inactivity is high among commercial drivers in East London. Workplace health education on the health effects of these lifestyles’ risky behaviours on individuals and the general public should be given to the drivers.

scholarly journals Urban dynamics, everyday hazards and disaster risks in Ibadan, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibidun O Adelekan
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Data Gaps ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The City ◽  
Official Records

Many cities in sub-Saharan Africa lack official records of deaths and of serious illnesses and injuries from everyday hazards and disaster events at all scales. This is a major limitation to effective planning for risk reduction. This paper seeks to fill some of these data gaps for the city of Ibadan, drawing on newspaper reports, hospital records, and databases or records of government departments for the period 2000–2015. It presents what can be learned about risks from these sources and discusses how the social, economic and political structures at the national, city and locality levels contribute to the most serious urban risks, as well as how these drive the process of risk accumulation, especially for vulnerable groups. Excluding public health risks for which data are scarce and incomplete, road traffic accidents, crime, violence and flooding constitute the most serious hazards in the city of Ibadan.

Excessive daytime sleepiness and alcohol consumption among commercial drivers

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 406-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Filomeno ◽  
A Ikeda ◽  
K Maruyama ◽  
H Wada ◽  
T Tanigawa
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
Commercial Drivers

Abstract Background Commercial drivers suffering from excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) have been identified as a major cause of road traffic accidents. Alcohol usage directly affects sleep, adversely affecting next-day alertness and performance. Aims To examine the relationship between alcohol consumption and EDS among commercial truck drivers in Japan and the implications of this on public health. Methods All participants in this cross-sectional study were commercial motor vehicle drivers from Tokyo and Niigata Prefecture. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire with details of their age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score and tobacco usage. Participants’ oxygen desaturation index was determined by a pulse oximetry device that participants took home. Results A total of 1422 males registered with the Japan Trucking Association and aged 20–69 years participated. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of EDS among participants aged <43 years was 0.81 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47–1.40) for light drinkers, 0.93 (95% CI 0.51–1.70) for moderate drinkers and 0.61 (95% CI 0.21–1.79) for heavy drinkers, compared to non-drinkers. The multivariate-adjusted OR among participants aged ≥43 years was 1.42 (95% CI 0.59–3.45) for light drinkers, 1.53 (95% CI 0.63–3.75) for moderate drinkers and 3.37 (95% CI 1.14–9.96) for heavy drinkers (P for interaction = 0.05). Conclusion We found that the association between ESS and alcohol intake was more evident among those aged ≥43 years, who reported higher levels of EDS with increased alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals Management and outcome of post-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 937
Author(s):  
Nasiru Jinjiri Ismail ◽  
Ali Lasseini ◽  
Aliyu Muhammad Koko ◽  
Bello Bala Shehu
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Aetiological Factor ◽  
Csf Rhinorrhea ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: Post-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea are relatively uncommon neurosurgical condition that is associated with serious morbidity and life-threatening complications like meningitis. As such, it requires prompt and thorough evaluation and treatment. Is of note that, only few studies discussed CSF rhinorrhea in literature especially in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was designed to report outcomes of management of post-traumatic CSF rhinorrhea seen in our institution.Methods: Relevant data of all patients with post-traumatic CSF rhinorrhea managed from July 2015 to June 2019 were retrospectively reviewed.Results: Out of the total 1942 cases of head injury managed over the study period 20 cases (1%) were diagnosed with CSF rhinorrhea. The mean age of presentation was 30.5 years. All patients were male and road traffic accidents was the only aetiological factor noted. Majority of patients developed rhinorrhea after 48 hours of injury (12/20). Pneumocephalus was the commonest computerised tomographic scan finding and about 2/3rd of the patients required operative treatment by transcranial anterior cranial fossa repair (13/20). The remaining patients were managed non-operatively with acetazolamide, antihistamines, stool softeners and antibiotics. The outcome was generally good with no recurrence noted. The rate of mortality was 10% (2/20) and resulted from meningitis.Conclusions: Posttraumatic CSF rhinorrhea was seen in 1% of cases of head injury in our environment and affects males predominantly. Although, the outcome of treatments was good, 10% mortality caused by meningitis was recorded.

scholarly journals Identification of risk factors for road traffic accidents using injured drivers: a cross sectional study conducted in Sri-Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4232
Author(s):  
Jayasekara J. M. K. B. ◽  
F. Masna Mowlana ◽  
Madhumali N. W. M. ◽  
Bandaranayaka H. M. T. ◽  
Hashari G. C. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Driving Experience

Background: Road traffic accidents are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and a major cause of sudden deaths in Sri Lanka.Methods: This study was conducted to assess risk factors for RTAs using 360 injured drivers, admitted to the accident wards in two teaching hospitals in Kandy and Kurunegala using interviewer-administered questionnaires.Results: The majority of the study population (97%) was male and most drivers were 26-35 years of age. Motorcycles were the most common vehicle (79%) involved in RTAs and 47% of drivers had a driving experience of less than 10 years. The driving speed of 31-45 km/ h was reported in one-third of the RTAs and 76.9% of RTAs occurred on carpet roads mostly on Wednesdays and Fridays. Only 29 (8.055%) vehicles reported technical problems at the time of the RTA. There is a significant association (p<0.001) between the speed of the vehicle and the driving experience and the type of the vehicle and the age of the participants. There is an association between the type of the vehicle and the site of injury of drivers and between the speed of the vehicle and the usage of alcohol (P<0.01).Conclusions: Findings revealed that high risk for RTAs was amongst young male drivers, 26-35 years age range, who drove motorcycles. The most potential for RTAs to occur was on Fridays and Wednesdays and are more pronounced after 6 pm. The risk factors of RTAs are a result of a combination of several factors, as opposed to one.

scholarly journals Helmet Wearing Behavior Where People Often Ride Motorcycle in Ethiopia: a Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delwana Bedru ◽  
Firanbon Teshome ◽  
Yohannes Kebede ◽  
Zewdie Birhanu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Accident Risk ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Logistic Regression Models

Abstract Background: Road traffic accidents are a major global concern which affects all people regardless of their age, sex, wealth, among others. Injuries and deaths due to motorcycle are highly increasing, especially in developing countries. Wearing helmet has been shown to significantly reduce deaths and injuries due to motorcycle accidents.Objectives: To assess magnitude of helmet wearing and its determinants among motorcycle riders in Sawula and Bulky towns, Gofa zone, Southern Ethiopia.Methods: 422 motorcycle drivers were sampled in a cross-sectional study conducted from 15, April to 25, May, 2020 in Sawula and Bulky towns, where people often drive motorcycle. Stratified sampling technique was used to recruit the sampled drivers in a face to face interview. Data were entered into EPI-data version 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 to manage analysis. Descriptive analyses like frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were carried out as necessary. Logistic regression models were fitted to identify the predictors of helmet wearing. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to determine the presence and strength of association.Results: A total of 403 motorcycle drivers participated in the study which gives a 95.5% response rate. Of the total of 403 motorcycle riders, only 12.4% (95% CI, 9.2 to 15.6%) of them wore a helmet while driving a motorcycle. Having license [AOR 3.51(95% C.I 1.56-7.89)], driving strips >10Km [AOR 2.53(95% C.I 1.08-5.91)], History of accident[AOR 2.71(95% C.I 1.32-5.55)], driving experience of >=10 years[AOR 2.98 (95% C.I 1.25-7.09)] and high perceived susceptibility to accident [AOR 3.10(95% C.I 1.29-7.46)] had statistically significant association with helmet wearing comparted to their counterpart.Conclusion: This study highlighted that helmet wearing was very low. Having a license, driving strips, exposure to accident, driving experience, and accident risk perception were determinants of helmet wearing. These determinants imply that helmet wearing was directly or indirectly relies on motorcycle drivers’ knowledge and perceptions about accident and helmet wearing. Therefore, we advise all stakeholders to conduct awareness creation campaigns and give focus on mandatory helmet wearing.

Adolescent Suicidality as Seen in Rural Northeastern Uganda

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Kinyanda ◽  
Ruth Kizza ◽  
Jonathan Levin ◽  
Sheila Ndyanabangi ◽  
Catherine Abbo
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: Suicidal behavior in adolescence is a public health concern and has serious consequences for adolescents and their families. There is, however, a paucity of data on this subject from sub-Saharan Africa, hence the need for this study. Aims: A cross-sectional multistage survey to investigate adolescent suicidality among other things was undertaken in rural northeastern Uganda. Methods: A structured protocol administered by trained psychiatric nurses collected information on sociodemographics, mental disorders (DSM-IV criteria), and psychological and psychosocial risk factors for children aged 3–19 years (N = 1492). For the purposes of this paper, an analysis of a subsample of adolescents (aged 10–19 years; n = 897) was undertaken. Results: Lifetime suicidality in this study was 6.1% (95% CI, 4.6%–7.9%). Conclusions: Factors significantly associated with suicidality included mental disorder, the ecological factor district of residence, factors suggestive of low socioeconomic status, and disadvantaged childhood experiences.

Influence of environmental factors on road traffic accidents: Hospital based cross sectional study at Tirupati

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Bayapa Reddy N. ◽  
Shakeer Kahn P. ◽  
Surendra Babu D. ◽  
Khadervali N. ◽  
Chandrasekhar C. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Suicidal ideation and associated factors among school-going adolescents in rural Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Nii-Boye Quarshie ◽  
Samuel Kofi Odame
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural Ghana ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractSuicidal ideation is a critical risk for attempted suicide and eventual suicide. Little is known about suicidal ideation among rural adolescents in most sub-Saharan African countries. We aimed to estimate the 12-month prevalence of suicidal ideation and to describe some of the common and gender-specific associated factors among in-school adolescents in rural Ghana. We conducted a cross-sectional survey involving a random sample of 1101 in-school adolescents aged 10–19 years in a rural district in Eastern Ghana. The Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire-Revised was used to assess suicidal ideation. Overall, 25.1% participants (95% CI = 22.5–27.7), representing 28.3% females (95% CI = 24.7–32.2) and 21.5% males (95% CI = 18.0–25.2) reported suicidal ideation during the previous 12 months. Females who experienced personal and interpersonal adversities mainly outside the family context were likely to report suicidal ideation, while suicidal ideation among males was associated with conflict with parents. Regardless of gender, adolescents who reported exposure to a friend’s attempted suicide were about two times more likely to report suicidal ideation. The prevalence of suicidal ideation among adolescents in rural Ghana compares with in-school estimates from other countries within sub-Saharan Africa, but also underscores the need for targeted and universal prevention programmes and intervention efforts to mitigate the potential transition from suicidal ideations to suicidal attempts and eventual deaths by suicide among rural adolescents.

scholarly journals Maternal healthcare utilsation and complete childhood vaccination in sub-Saharan Africa: a cross-sectional study of 29 nationally representative surveys

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e045992
Author(s):  
Eugene Budu ◽  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽  
Richard Gyan Aboagye ◽  
Ebenezer Kwesi Armah-Ansah ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Utilisation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Service Utilisation ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Maternal Healthcare ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sub Saharan

ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to examine the association between maternal healthcare utilisation and complete childhood vaccination in sub-Saharan Africa.DesignOur study was a cross-sectional study that used pooled data from 29 countries in sub-Saharan Africa.ParticipantsA total of 60 964 mothers of children aged 11–23 months were included in the study.Outcome variablesThe main outcome variable was complete childhood vaccination. The explanatory variables were number of antenatal care (ANC) visits, assistance during delivery and postnatal care (PNC).ResultsThe average prevalence of complete childhood vaccination was 85.6%, ranging from 67.0% in Ethiopia to 98.5% in Namibia. Our adjusted model, children whose mothers had a maximum of three ANC visits were 56% less likely to have complete vaccination, compared with those who had at least four ANC visits (adjusted OR (aOR)=0.44, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.46). Children whose mothers were assisted by traditional birth attendant/other (aOR=0.43, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.56) had lower odds of complete vaccination. The odds of complete vaccination were lower among children whose mothers did not attend PNC clinics (aOR=0.26, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.29) as against those whose mothers attended.ConclusionThe study found significant variations in complete childhood vaccination across countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Maternal healthcare utilisation (ANC visits, skilled birth delivery, PNC attendance) had significant association with complete childhood vaccination. These findings suggest that programmes, interventions and strategies aimed at improving vaccination should incorporate interventions that can enhance maternal healthcare utilisation. Such interventions can include education and sensitisation, reducing cost of maternal healthcare and encouraging male involvement in maternal healthcare service utilisation.

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