Neck circumference as a risk indicator for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a community based cross-sectional study

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome due to insulin deficiency, characterized by hyperglycaemia. Indian diabetes risk score (IDRS) is the most commonly used one to determine the risk status. However there is lot of inconvenience and possible errors in measuring the waist circumference to determine the IDRS, hence the study was planned to evaluate if neck circumference could replace waist circumference in determining the diabetes risk.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 300 study participants fulfilling the eligible criteria. Socio-demographic variables, parameters required for determining the IDRS was assessed, in addition, neck circumference (NC) was measured using standard protocol. Another risk score was calculated by replacing waist circumference (WC) with neck circumference and scoring was named as IDRS-NC. Pearson correlation and Wilcoxan sign rank test was done to find out the relationship between WC and NC and also to determine if IDRS-NC could replace IDRS.Results: Out of 300 study population, majority of the participants are in the age group of <35 years 129 (43%) and around 2/3rd of the participants were females. Among the study participants proportion of participants belonging to low risk, medium risk and high risk assessed using IDRS and IDRS-NC was 18.7%, 41%, 40.3% and 31.7%, 38%, 30.3% respectively. There was a strong positive correlation (r=0.837) between the neck circumference and waist circumference. Wilcoxan sign rank test was significant between the 2 scores having a p value of <0.05.Conclusions: In our study there was a positive correlation between neck circumference and waist circumference.

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Factors Associated with Poor Glycemic and Lipid Levels in Ambulatory Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients in Asmara, Eritrea: A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2020/5901569 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Oliver Okoth Achila ◽

Millen Ghebretinsae ◽

Abraham Kidane ◽

Michael Simon ◽

Shewit Makonen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Specific Lipid

Objective. There is a dearth of relevant research on the rapidly evolving epidemic of diabetes mellitus (particularly Type 2 diabetes mellitus) in sub-Saharan Africa. To address some of these issues in the Eritrean context, we conducted a cross-sectional study on glycemic and lipid profiles and associated risk factors. Methods. A total of 309 patients with diabetes mellitus on regular follow-up at the Diabetic and Hypertensive Department at Halibet Regional Referral Hospital, Asmara, were enrolled for the study. Data on specific clinical chemistry and anthropomorphic parameters was collected. Chi-squared (χ2) test or Fischer’s exact test was used to evaluate the relationship between specific variables. Multivariate logistic regression (backward: conditional) was undertaken to identify the factors associated with increased odds of suboptimal values in glucose and specific lipid panel subfractions. Results. High proportions of patients (76.7%) had suboptimal levels of HbA1c with a mean±SD of 8.6%±1.36, respectively. In multivariate regression analysis, the likelihood of HbA1c≥7% was higher in patients with abnormal WHR (AOR=3.01, 95% CI, 3.01 (1.15–7.92=0.024)) and in patients without hypertension (AOR=1.97, 95% CI (1.06–3.56), p=0.021). A unit reduction in eGFR was also associated with HbA1c≥7% (AOR=0.99, 95% CI (0.98–1=0.031)). In a separate analysis, the data shows that 80.9% of the patients had dyslipidemia. In particular, 62.1% of the patients had TC≥200 mg/dL (risk factors: sex, hypertension, and HbA1c concentration), 81.6% had LDL‐C≥100 mg/dL (risk factors: sex and hypertension), 56.3% had TG≥150 (risk factors: sex, HbA1c, and waist circumference), 62.8% had abnormal HDL-C (risk factors: waist circumference), 78.3% had non‐HDL<130 mg/dL (risk factors: duration of disease, reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate, and HbA1c), and 45.3% had abnormal TG/HDL (risk factors: sex, age of patient, FPG, and waist circumference). Conclusions. The quality of care, as measured by glycemic and specific lipid targets, in this setting is suboptimal. Therefore, there is an urgent need for simultaneous improvements in both indicators. This will require evidence-based optimization of pharmacological and lifestyle interventions. Therefore, additional studies, preferably longitudinal studies with long follow-up, are required on multiple aspects of DM.

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A cross sectional study on the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among adult population in a peri-urban area of West Tripura, India

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20190934 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 843 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kaushik Tripura ◽

Kaushik Nag ◽

Nabarun Karmakar ◽

Anjan Datta ◽

Partha Bhattacharjee

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Urban Area ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Adult Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

Study Participants ◽

Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus, a major lifestyle disease is undoubtedly the most challenging public health problem of 21st century with a worldwide prevalence of 387 million (8.3%). The objective of this study was to get an estimate of the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and associated factors in a sample of adult population in a peri-urban area of West Tripura.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, prevalence of diabetes mellitus was found among adult population of a peri-urban area (Dukli) of west Tripura from April 2016 to May 2016. Multistage random sampling was followed to include 76 participants. Taking house as a sampling unit, every 5th house was chosen for this study. From every selected house, one adult participant was chosen by simple random sampling until desired sample size was attained. Collected data was compiled and analyzed with the help of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 16.0.). Chi-square, Fischer exact test was applied to find out association.Results: The mean age of the study participants was 42.21±17.65 years, comprised of 23.7% male and 76.3% female. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 17.1% among study participants. Diabetes was found highest in 39-58-year age group (37.5%). Males were more affected with diabetes mellitus (22.2%) compared to females (15.5%). The study also revealed a significant association of diabetes mellitus with family history of diabetes mellitus (p value 0.00).Conclusions: Present study showed very high prevalence of diabetes mellitus among adult population. Healthy lifestyle measures might reduce burden of diabetes mellitus which could be evaluated in future research.

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Neck Circumference as an Anthropometric Indicator of Central Obesity in Patients with Prediabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/4808541 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Thunyarat Anothaisintawee ◽

Nakarin Sansanayudh ◽

Sangsulee Thamakaison ◽

Dumrongrat Lertrattananon ◽

Ammarin Thakkinstian

Keyword(s):

Waist Circumference ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Neck Circumference ◽

Youden Index ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Roc Curve Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pairwise Correlation ◽

Glucose Levels

Measurement of waist circumference has substantial variability and some limitations, while neck circumference is a simple and reliable anthropometric measure. This study aimed to assess the association between neck circumference and waist circumference and to identify the best cutoff of neck circumference that could predict central obesity in prediabetic patients. This cross-sectional study included adult patients with prediabetes, defined as having fasting plasma glucose levels ranging from 100 to 125 mg/dL or HbA1c ranging from 5.7 to 6.49%, who visited the outpatient clinic of Family Medicine Department, Ramathibodi Hospital, Thailand, during October 2014 and March 2016. Neck circumference was measured from the level just below the laryngeal prominence perpendicular to the long axis of the neck. Central obesity was defined as having waist circumference measurements greater than 90 and 80 cm for males and females, respectively. The correlation between neck circumference and waist circumference was explored by applying pairwise correlation coefficient. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed and Youden index equal to “sensitivity – (1-specificity)” was calculated. Neck circumference that yielded the maximum Youden index was determined as the optimal cutoff point for prediction of central obesity. There were 1,534 patients eligible for this study. After adjusting for covariables, neck circumference was found to be significantly associated with waist circumference in both females and males, with β-coefficients of 1.01 (95% CI: 0.83, 1.20) and 0.65 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.85), respectively. After applying the ROC analysis, neck circumferences ≥ 32 cm in females and ≥ 38 cm in males were determined as the best cutoff values to predict central obesity. Neck circumference is strongly correlated with waist circumference in prediabetics and should be considered as an alternative to the waist circumference measurement in screening for central obesity.

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Rural population at risk of development of diabetes mellitus: a cross sectional study using Indian Diabetic Risk Score in Bengaluru

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20193991 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (9) ◽

pp. 3905

Author(s):

Vidya K. R. ◽

Lohit K. ◽

Naveen Kumar P.

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

At Risk ◽

High Risk ◽

Risk Score ◽

Risk Group ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

Diabetes Status

Background: Prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing in an alarming way throughout the world. More than 50% of the diabetic subjects in India remain unaware of their diabetes status and screening for risk factors of diabetes mellitus enable us to initiate appropriate control measures. This study was undertaken to identify the people who are at risk of diabetes mellitus in rural area of Bengaluru.Methods: It was a community based cross sectional study in which 1750 study subjects were randomly selected using multi stage random sampling method. Selected individuals were examined and interviewed using a semi structured questionnaire. Indian diabetic risk score was used to assess risk of developing diabetes. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0.Results: According to IDRS, 46.2% of respondents were in the moderate risk group and 33.1% were in the high risk group. Family history of diabetes, low physical activity and abdominal obesity were found to associate with high risk group.Conclusions: The prevalence of high risk for diabetes according to IRDS was 33%. Primordial and primary preventive actions are very much necessary.

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A cross-sectional study to evaluate cardiovascular risk score in type 2 diabetes mellitus

International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research ◽

10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_45_20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 276

Author(s):

VijayKumar Sehgal ◽

Arshiya Sehgal ◽

RP S Sibia ◽

Jasleen Kaur ◽

Ena Bhajni

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Risk Score ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Score

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Is neck circumference an appropriate tool to predict cardiovascular risk in clinical practice? A cross-sectional study in Chilean population

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028305 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. e028305 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Patricia Caro ◽

Ximena Guerra ◽

Andrea Canals ◽

Gerardo Weisstaub ◽

Carlos Sandaña

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Neck Circumference ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chilean Population

ObjectivesNeck circumference has emerged as a predictor of obesity and metabolic syndrome, but its clinical usefulness for different groups of population is not clearly defined. The aim is to evaluate the predictive capacity of neck circumference in order to detect cardiovascular risks (CVRs) on the Chilean population and to compare it with waist circumference performance.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingGeneral Chilean population.ParticipantsData of 4607 adults aged 18 and over from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009–2010 were analysed.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAnthropometrics measures included neck and waist circumference, height and weight. CVR was identified according to the Framingham tables adapted for the Chilean population. Receiver operating characteristics curves and logistic regression models were made to evaluate the performance of neck circumference to predict a moderate/high CVR, comparing it to waist circumference.ResultsAlmost 10% of the sample had a moderate or high CVR. The probability of having a moderate/high cardiovascular risk increase with cervical obesity (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.68) and central obesity (OR 4.5, 95% CI 2.47 to 8.22). The area under the curves were high for cervical obesity (AUC 81.4%, 95% CI 78.8% to 84.0%) and central obesity (AUC 82.2%, 95% CI 79.7% to 84.7%) and not statistically different (p=0.152).ConclusionsNeck obesity has a high capacity to predict moderate/high CVR in the Chilean population. Its good performance appears as an opportunity to use it in clinical practice when waist circumference measurement is difficult to measure and eventually replace the waist circumference measurement as the technique is easier.

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Correlates and Predictors of Increasing Waist Circumference in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Scholarly Research Notices ◽

10.1155/2014/318569 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Victor Mogre ◽

Robert Abedandi ◽

Zenabankara S. Salifu

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Type 2 Dm

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) has become a disease of public health concern worldwide. Obesity and elevated blood pressure have been shown to be comorbidities of type 2 DM. In this cross-sectional study in Tamale, Ghana, we determined the prevalence of abdominal obesity among type 2 DM patients. Furthermore, we examined the demographic, clinical, and anthropometric predictors of increasing waist circumference in this population. Three hundred type 2 DM patients attending the outpatient diabetes clinic of the Tamale Teaching Hospital, Ghana, were recruited for the study. Waist circumference (WC) and hip circumferences were measured appropriately. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were taken from the personal health record files of patients. Demographic data were obtained. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression models were employed to identify predictors of increasing WC. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 77.0% and was significantly higher in women than in men. A positive correlation was observed between waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and WC (r=0.56, P<0.001), female gender (r=0.73, P<0.001), and age (r=0.20, P<0.001). A high prevalence of abdominal obesity was observed. Predictors of increasing WC were gender, age, FPG, and WHR.

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Depression and Its Associated Factors among Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Selected Hospitals in Southwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Psychiatry Journal ◽

10.1155/2020/6486030 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Adane Asefa ◽

Ameha Zewudie ◽

Andualem Henok ◽

Yitagesu Mamo ◽

Tadesse Nigussie

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Teaching ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Medical Illness ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Study Participants

Background. Diabetes mellitus and depression are very common diseases worldwide, and the prevalence rates of both conditions are increasing rapidly. Depression among patients with diabetes mellitus results in poor glycemic control through different mechanisms. Besides, the coexistence of a chronic medical illness with depression reduces the probability of recognizing and treating depression. The study is aimed at assessing the prevalence and factors associated with depression among adults with diabetes mellitus. Methods. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adult diabetes mellitus patients on follow-up in Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital and Tepi General Hospital. A consecutive sampling technique was employed to recruit the study participants, and data were collected through face-to-face interview and medical chart review. Depression was measured using Patient Health Questionnaire-nine (PHQ-9). Binary logistic regression analysis was done and a p value of less than 0.05 was used as a level of significance. Results. The prevalence of depression among study participants was 37.0% (95% CI 32.0%-42.0%). The majority (44.7%) of the patients had mild depression, while only 2% had severe depression. Being male (AOR=1.92, 95% CI: 1.15-3.22), urban residence (AOR=3.02, 95% CI: 1.57-5.78), single marital status (AOR=7.72, 95% CI: 3.6-16.53), duration of diabetes mellitus 5 years and more (AOR=2.00, 95% CI: 1.21-3.5), and having sexual dysfunction (AOR=3.55, 95% CI: 2.13-5.91) were associated with increased odds of depression among diabetes mellitus patients. Conclusions. The prevalence of depression among diabetes mellitus was high. Therefore, the patients should be thoroughly screened for this comorbid condition, and the significant factors should be addressed during routine follow-up.

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