scholarly journals Awareness of tuberculosis in the community: time to rethink strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 4995
Author(s):  
Meera Shankar ◽  
Ramasubramanian V. ◽  
Balasubramaniam Ramakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Program Implementation ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Tuberculosis is highly prevalent in developing countries like India and several strategies have been implemented by the World Health Organization and Government of India in order to minimize its burden. However, effectiveness of these strategies is best achieved when there is adequate awareness among the general population regarding the cause and spread of the disease. This study was carried out to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding tuberculosis among general population.Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out among 500 adults visiting our tertiary care center as patients or attenders for a period of one year between April 2018 and March 2019. A structured interview schedule was used to collect information regarding the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding the cause, spread and management of tuberculosis infection.Results: About 73.6% of the study participants felt that tuberculosis was a genetic disorder, while only 12.4% of them were aware that the infection was transmitted through coughing, etc. Moreover, 18% of the participants believed that the medications for treating tuberculosis could be stopped without the supervision of the health care provider.Conclusions: This study has elicited the prevailing misconception regarding the cause, transmission, treatment and prevention of tuberculosis. It is important for policy makers and public health program implementation experts to develop health literacy campaigns to specifically create awareness among the population, so as to facilitate successful mitigation of the disease.

scholarly journals ADVERSE DRUG REACTION PROFILE OF DRUGS PRESCRIBED IN CORONAVIRUS DISEASE - 19 PATIENTS – A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
RIDHDHI K HIRAPARA ◽  
BHARTI N KARELIA ◽  
ANIL P SINGH ◽  
ARTI TRIVEDI
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reaction ◽  
Drug Reaction ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Case Record ◽  
Health Organization

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess adverse drug reaction (ADR) profile of the drugs prescribed to treat Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) positive patients and to determine whether ADRs are associated with any comorbidities. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done with Laboratory confirmed COVID-19 positive patients who experienced ADRs during their admission period at tertiary care center, Rajkot from April 2020 to March 2021. All the necessary information including ADRs information was obtained from patient’s case record file and filled in suspected ADR reporting form. Suspected ADRs were assessed for demographic parameters and causality, preventability, and severity using World Health Organization (WHO) scale and Naranjo algorithm, modified Schumock and Thornton’s criteria, and modified Hartwig’s criteria, respectively. Results: Out of the 100 patients there were 60 males. The mean age of the patients was 52.65±13.95 year. Fourty-six patients had comorbidities. The most common type of ADR was GI disorders. Among the single suspected medication, most common drug was methylprednisolone and among the two drugs, azithromycin was common. According to the WHO and Naranjo scale, Probable ADRs were 70% and 36%, respectively. The percentage for mild, moderate and severe ADRs were 44%, 39%, 17%, respectively. Eighty-six percent ADRs were definitely preventable. Fifty-one patients were recovered from adverse reactions. Conclusions: Seriousness of reactions is mainly associated with co-morbid conditions. This indicates that patients with comorbidity should be closely monitored to avoid harmful consequences. These ADRs monitoring and reporting program will help physicians to choose their therapy sensibly and decrease chances of mortality in this pandemic era.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic factors associated with low birth weight in a tertiary care hospital of Odisha

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1797
Author(s):  
Pradip Kumar Bhue ◽  
Himansu Prasad Acharya ◽  
Subrat Kumar Pradhan ◽  
Pratima Biswal ◽  
Amit Pritam Swain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Health Organization

Background: World Health Organization has defined low birth weight (LBW) as birth weight less than 2,500 grams. Giving birth to a LBW infant is influenced by several factors. Objective of the study was to measure the proportion of low birth weight babies delivered in V.S.S medical college and hospital, Burla and its association with socio-demographic factors.Methods: Hospital based cross -sectional study comprising of 1030 postnatal women who delivered single live baby in V.S.S Medical College and Hospital, Burla. Selection of study participants was done by systematic random sampling in the study period October 2012 to September 2014. Chi-square test was used to measure association between LBW and socio-demographic factors.Results: The proportion of LBW was found to be 27.76%. The proportion of LBW babies was high and significant in extremes of age i.e. teenage (44.19%) and 30 years and above age group (39.56%) and Muslim mothers (36.36%), illiterate mothers (53.52 %), manual labourer (67.14%), socioeconomic class IV and V (32.98%), consanguinity history (60.58%), smoky fuel (30.02%), consumption of tobacco (49.11%).Conclusions: The proportion of LBW (27.76%) was found to be higher than national average (21.5%).

Skilled attendance at delivery: profile of nursing staff in maternity units from Alfenas city, Minas Gerais, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1894
Author(s):  
Eliana Peres Rocha ◽  
Maria José Clapis ◽  
Christianne Alves Pereira Calheiros
Keyword(s):  
Professional Competence ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Study Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Nursing Professionals

ABSTRACTObjective: to identify the profile of nursing professionals providing care to pregnant women in maternity Alfenas-MG. Method: this is about a descriptive cross sectional study from quantitative approach. All nursing professionals (24) who worked in the care of patients participated in this study. Data collection was performed during the period from June to September 2008 using a structured interview. This study was conducted according to ethical principles of research and approved by the Ethics in Research of Universidade Federal de Alfenas/MG, under protocol number3087.001016/2008-98. Results: there was a lack of midwife in the team, keeping workload of 49.17 hours/week, 91.6% being female. As the professional category, the prevailing mid-level professionals with informal training and monitoring at work those with greater experience in the area. Conclusion it is understood that these professionals are not qualified for the obstetric care according to criteria of World Health Organization (WHO), highlighting the need for qualification of this team that assists women in maternity Alfenas, Minas Gerais. Descriptors: nursing; obstetric nursing; delivery; professional competence; qualified attention. RESUMOObjetivo: identificar o perfil dos profissionais de enfermagem que atendem as parturientes em maternidades de Alfenas-MG. Método: estudo descritivo de corte transversal com abordagem metodológica quantitativa. Participaram deste estudo todos os profissionais de enfermagem (24) que atuam na assistência às parturientes. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de junho a setembro de 2008, utilizando-se um roteiro de entrevista. Este estudo foi conduzido segundo os preceitos éticos da pesquisa e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Alfenas/MG, sob o protocolo nº 23087.001016/2008-98. Resultados: verificou-se a ausência de enfermeira obstétrica na equipe, mantendo carga horária de trabalho de 49,17 horas/semana, sendo 91,6 % do sexo feminino . Quanto à categoria profissional, prevalecem os profissionais de nível médio com treinamento informal e acompanhamento durante o trabalho; os quais possuem maior experiência na área. Conclusão entende-se que esses profissionais não estão qualificados para o atendimento obstétrico segundo os critérios da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), evidenciando-se a necessidade de qualificação dessa equipe que atende as mulheres nas maternidades de Alfenas, Minas Gerais. Descritores: enfermagem; enfermagem obstétrica; parto; competência profissional; equipe de enfermagem.RESUMENObjetivo: identificar el perfil de los profesionales de enfermería que atienden a mujeres embarazadas en la maternidad Alfenas-MG. Método: estudio descriptivo transversal de enfoque cuantitativo. Participaron en este estudio, todos los profesionales de enfermería (24) que trabajan en el cuidado de los pacientes. Los datos fueron recolectados durante el período de junio a septiembre de 2008 utilizando una entrevista estructurada. Este estudio se realizó de acuerdo con los principios éticos de la investigación y aprobado por la Ética en la Investigación de la Universidad Federal de Alfenas - MG, en el marco del Protocolo 23087.001016/2008-98. Resultados Hubo una falta de matrona en el equipo, manteniendo la carga de trabajo de 49,17 horas a la semana, el 91,6% de ser mujer. A medida que la categoría profesional, la vigente de nivel medio profesionales con la formación informal y la supervisión en el trabajo, quienes tienen mayor experiencia en el área. Conclusión: se entiende que estos profesionales no están calificados para la atención obstétrica de acuerdo con los criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), destacando la necesidad de calificación de este equipo que ayuda a las mujeres en la maternidad Alfenas, Minas Gerais. Descriptores: enfermería; enfermería obstétrica; entrega; competencia profesional. 

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Growth of Children Aged 12–24 Months in the Tanga Region, Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-217
Author(s):  
Ingvild Skålnes Elverud ◽  
Ketil Størdal ◽  
Mercy Chiduo ◽  
Claus Klingenberg
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background The first 1000 days of life, from conception to the second birthday, offer a unique window of opportunity for optimal growth, critical for future health. The primary aim of this study was to analyze growth of children between 12 and 24 months age in Tanzanian children, and to explore possible predictors for growth. Methods Observational, cross-sectional study performed between March and April 2017. Eligible children, and their mothers, attended routine follow-up at two health clinics in Tanga, Tanzania. At the study day, the child’s weight and height were recorded. The mothers answered a structured interview regarding breastfeeding, immunization and socioeconomic conditions. Results We recruited 300 mother–child pairs. Median [interquartile range (IQR)] age at study visit was 16 (14–20) months. Mothers reported that 170 (57%) of their children were exclusively breastfed for a minimum of 6 months; median (IQR) 6 (4–6) months. Using the World Health Organization (WHO) standard growth curves, mean weight-for-age Z-score was −0.30 and mean length-for-age Z-score was −0.47. Children whose mothers had higher education had higher Z-scores for weight and length compared to children of mothers with lower education. Education remained the most important predictor for growth also after adjusting for other variables. Overall, 48/300 (16%) were moderate-severe stunted and 25/300 (8.4%) had moderate-severe underweight. Conclusion Children aged 12–24 months in this region of Tanzania had weight and height below the WHO standard. Higher educated mothers had children with better growth parameters. Duration of exclusive breastfeeding was long, but did not predict growth parameters.

scholarly journals Clinicoepidemiological Profile of Elderly PLHIV Attending a Tertiary Care Center in South India

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 620-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Madi ◽  
Neha Ramakrishnan ◽  
Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan ◽  
John Ramapuram ◽  
Basavaprabhu Achappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Route Of Transmission

Background: Physicians are coming across a considerable number of HIV-positive patients belonging to older age-group, in practice. They pose a challenge as they might present with advanced forms and comorbid conditions. We aimed to describe the clinicoepidemiological profile of elderly people living with HIV. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study at Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. We analyzed the record of 120 patients from 2009 to 2014. Descriptive statistics were used to describe sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients. Results: Of 786 HIV-positive patients, 120 were elderly. Mean age was 55.9 ± 6.1 years. Majority 68% were male. In all, 63.33% were male. Commonest route of transmission was heterosexual intercourse, most presented at World Health Organization (WHO) stage 1 (64.17%). In all, 77.5% had hypertension and 26.6% had tuberculosis. The median CD4 count at presentation was 245 cells/mm3 (145-426 cells/mm3). Forty-two percent were late presenters (CD4 <200 cells/mm3). Conclusion: Treating physician should have a high index of suspicion in diagnosing HIV among elderly age-group.

scholarly journals Study of preventable causes of blindness in a tertiary care institute in Lucknow

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Nidhi Jauhari ◽  
Deepak Chopra ◽  
Siraj Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Institute ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City ◽  
Preventable Blindness

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019, released the estimates which show that approximately 80% of the causes of blindness and severely reduced visual acuity are preventable and avoidable. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of preventable causes of blindness in an OPD setup in the city of Lucknow.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Descriptive cross-sectional study was done from January, 2019 to March, 2019 at the ophthalmology department OPD, Dr Ram Manohar lohia hospital, Lucknow. Patient presenting with complains of Blurring of vision or blindness during the defined OPD days at the study place, sample size- 550. Convenience sampling, all the eligible patients who were attending the OPD on defined days during the study period.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The current study found the prevalence of blindness in the OPD based patients to be 13.5% and 25% (WHO and NPCB standards) respectively which is higher than the other reported statistics and found cataract to be the single most contributor of cause of blindness in accordance with other literature.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The study demonstrates that even after the implementation of a national program (NPCB), the prevalence of blindness continues to be on the higher side and cataract remains to the most common cause of preventable blindness.</p>

scholarly journals A study on the immunisation status and the factors responsible for incomplete immunization amongst children of age group 0-12 months coming to a tertiary care hospital (IGIMS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4331
Author(s):  
Shivani Sinha ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Setu Sinha ◽  
Varsha Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Childhood Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Vaccines are safe, simple and one of the most cost-effective way to save and improve the lives of children. The World Health Organization launched the Global Programme of Immunization in 1974 and Government of India launched the same in India on 1st January, 1978, with a view to provide protection to the children against disease and to reduce infant mortality rate.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out in the immunization clinic of a tertiary care hospital (IGIMS) of Patna district. The study unit were children of age group 0 to 12 months attending the immunisation clinic of IGIMS Patna. The study was conducted from January 2017 to December 2017, for a period of 12 months.Results: About 40% of children were fully immunized, about 73.3% were having immunization card.Conclusions: Immunizations is one of the biggest public health achievements of the last century, saving millions of lives and preventing illness and lifelong disability in millions more. Many childhood diseases which is now preventable by vaccines often resulted in hospitalization, death or lifelong consequences only a few decades ago. Without immunizations, serious outbreaks of many of the diseases we are now protected from can reoccur. There is a need to create awareness regarding the importance of vaccination, as well as the consequences of partial immunization, parents views must also be taken into consideration when the programme is planned, especially those with a lower educational level.

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