scholarly journals Study of preventable causes of blindness in a tertiary care institute in Lucknow

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Nidhi Jauhari ◽  
Deepak Chopra ◽  
Siraj Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Institute ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City ◽  
Preventable Blindness

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019, released the estimates which show that approximately 80% of the causes of blindness and severely reduced visual acuity are preventable and avoidable. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of preventable causes of blindness in an OPD setup in the city of Lucknow.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Descriptive cross-sectional study was done from January, 2019 to March, 2019 at the ophthalmology department OPD, Dr Ram Manohar lohia hospital, Lucknow. Patient presenting with complains of Blurring of vision or blindness during the defined OPD days at the study place, sample size- 550. Convenience sampling, all the eligible patients who were attending the OPD on defined days during the study period.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The current study found the prevalence of blindness in the OPD based patients to be 13.5% and 25% (WHO and NPCB standards) respectively which is higher than the other reported statistics and found cataract to be the single most contributor of cause of blindness in accordance with other literature.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The study demonstrates that even after the implementation of a national program (NPCB), the prevalence of blindness continues to be on the higher side and cataract remains to the most common cause of preventable blindness.</p>

scholarly journals ADVERSE DRUG REACTION PROFILE OF DRUGS PRESCRIBED IN CORONAVIRUS DISEASE - 19 PATIENTS – A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
RIDHDHI K HIRAPARA ◽  
BHARTI N KARELIA ◽  
ANIL P SINGH ◽  
ARTI TRIVEDI
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reaction ◽  
Drug Reaction ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Case Record ◽  
Health Organization

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess adverse drug reaction (ADR) profile of the drugs prescribed to treat Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) positive patients and to determine whether ADRs are associated with any comorbidities. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done with Laboratory confirmed COVID-19 positive patients who experienced ADRs during their admission period at tertiary care center, Rajkot from April 2020 to March 2021. All the necessary information including ADRs information was obtained from patient’s case record file and filled in suspected ADR reporting form. Suspected ADRs were assessed for demographic parameters and causality, preventability, and severity using World Health Organization (WHO) scale and Naranjo algorithm, modified Schumock and Thornton’s criteria, and modified Hartwig’s criteria, respectively. Results: Out of the 100 patients there were 60 males. The mean age of the patients was 52.65±13.95 year. Fourty-six patients had comorbidities. The most common type of ADR was GI disorders. Among the single suspected medication, most common drug was methylprednisolone and among the two drugs, azithromycin was common. According to the WHO and Naranjo scale, Probable ADRs were 70% and 36%, respectively. The percentage for mild, moderate and severe ADRs were 44%, 39%, 17%, respectively. Eighty-six percent ADRs were definitely preventable. Fifty-one patients were recovered from adverse reactions. Conclusions: Seriousness of reactions is mainly associated with co-morbid conditions. This indicates that patients with comorbidity should be closely monitored to avoid harmful consequences. These ADRs monitoring and reporting program will help physicians to choose their therapy sensibly and decrease chances of mortality in this pandemic era.

Evaluation of Drug Use Based on WHO Prescribing Indicator in Mizan- Tepi University Teaching Hospital, south Western Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Hambisa ◽  
Rediet Feleke ◽  
Ameha Zewudie ◽  
Mohammed Yimam
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization

Background:: Rational drug use comprises aspects of prescribing, dispensing and patient use of medicines for different health problems. This study is aimed to assess drug prescribing practice based on the world health organization prescribing indicators in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. Methods:: An institutional based retrospective cross sectional study was conducted to evaluate prescribing practices in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. Data were collected based on World health organization drug use indicators using prescription papers. 600 prescriptions dispensed through the general outpatient pharmacy of the hospital were collected by systematic random sampling method from prescriptions written for a 1-year time in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. Results:: The present study found that the average number of drugs per prescription was 2.04 ± 0.87 in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital with a range between 1 and 5. Prescribing by generic name was 97.6 % and 47.8% of prescriptions contained antibiotics in the hospital. 27.7% of prescriptions contained at least one injectable medication in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. From prescribed drugs, 96.7% of them were prescribed from Ethiopian essential drug list. Conclusion:: Present study indicated that the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter, the percentage of generic prescribing and prescribing from the EDL were close to optimal value. However, the percentage of encounters with antibiotics and injections prescribed were found be very high. Thus, the study highlights some improvements in prescribing habits, particularly by focusing on the inappropriate consumption of antibiotics and injections.

scholarly journals Overweight and obesity of children in a brazilian elementary school: a comparison of three references

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Marcella Evangelista Melo ◽  
Giovanna Lima Miguéis ◽  
Mikaela Silva Almeida ◽  
Tatiane Dalamaria ◽  
Wagner De Jesus Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
International Obesity Task Force ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: In the diagnosis of overweight and obesity based on body mass index in children and adolescents, several national and international anthropometric references are recommended. However, there is a divergence in the estimated prevalence of overweight and obesity among the references. Objective: To identify the prevalence of overweight and obesity and to analyse the magnitude of agreement among the three references. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 975 students from the early grades of elementary school. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were estimated according to the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and Conde and Monteiro. The Kappa weighted index was calculated to assess the agreement magnitude among the three references. Results: The highest prevalence of overweight and obesity was estimated by the Conde and Monteiro and WHO references, respectively. Overall, the IOTF revealed lower a magnitude of prevalence than the two other references. The agreement among the references identified by the Kappa index had a range of 0.66 to 0.94. Conclusion: Despite the satisfactory agreement among the three references, this research highlighted the differing magnitudes of the prevalence of overweight and obesity. This fact limits the ability to make comparisons among populations and impairs the development of overweight and obesity prevention actions.

scholarly journals Perinatal asphyxia and associated factors among neonates admitted to a specialized public hospital in South Central Ethiopia: A retrospective cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262619
Author(s):  
Seifu Awgchew Mamo ◽  
Girum Sebsibie Teshome ◽  
Tewodros Tesfaye ◽  
Abel Tibebu Goshu
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
South Central ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction Perinatal asphyxia continues to be a significant clinical concern around the world as the consequences can be devastating. World Health Organization data indicates perinatal asphyxia is encountered amongst 6–10 newborns per 1000 live full-term birth, and the figures are higher for low and middle-income countries. Nevertheless, studies on the prevalence of asphyxia and the extent of the problem in poorly resourced southern Ethiopian regions are limited. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of perinatal asphyxia and its associated factors. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study design was used from March to April 2020. Data was collected from charts of neonates who were admitted to NICU from January 2016 to December 31, 2019. Result The review of 311 neonates’ medical records revealed that 41.2% of the neonates experienced perinatal asphyxia. Preeclampsia during pregnancy (AOR = 6.2, 95%CI:3.1–12.3), antepartum hemorrhage (AOR = 4.5, 95%CI:2.3–8.6), gestational diabetes mellitus (AOR = 4.2, 95%CI:1.9–9.2), premature rupture of membrane (AOR = 2.5, 95%CI:1.33–4.7) fetal distress (AOR = 3,95%CI:1.3–7.0) and meconium-stained amniotic fluid (AOR = 7.7, 95%CI: 3.1–19.3) were the associated factors. Conclusion Substantial percentages of neonates encounter perinatal asphyxia, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Focus on early identification and timely treatment of perinatal asphyxia in hospitals should, therefore, be given priority.

scholarly journals ANALISIS FAKTOR PEMBERIAN IMUNISASI DASAR LENGKAP PADA BAYI DI PUSKESMAS TAMALATE MAKASSAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Muhammad Thabran Talib ◽  
Satriani Albar
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization

Pemberian imunisasi dapat dilihat dari banyaknya balita yang meninggal akibat penyakit dapat dicegah dengan imunisasi. Data World Health Organization menunjukkan bahwa satiap tahun, setidaknya 1,7 juta anak meninggal karena penyakit yang dapat dicegah dengan vaksin yang sudah tersedia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor pemberian imunisasi dasar lengkap antara pengetahuan dan sikap ibu tentang imunisasi. Penelitian Puskesmas Tamalate Makassar. Populasi adalah ibu yang memiliki anak usia imunisasi di Puskesmas Tamalate Makassar dengan jumlah sampel 122 orang. Data sekunder dari laporan tahunan imunisasi yang ada di Puskesmas Tamalate Makassar, data primer dengan pembagian kuisioner yang diisi responden. Analisa data dilakukan yaitu analisa Univariat dan analisa bivariat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Nopember-Desember 2019. Dengan jenis penelitian Desain dengan Cross Sectional Study. Hasil penelitian analisa univariat, pengetahuan baik 107(87,7%) responden dan pengetahuan responden yang kurang 15(12,2%) responden. Sedangkan sikap baik 115(94,2%) responden, sedangkan sikap yang kurang 7(5,7%) responden. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan Ada hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan pemberian imunisasi dasar lengkap pada bayi yaitu p: 0,002 dan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara sikap dengan pemberian imunisasi dasar lengkap pada bayi yaitu p: 0,038. Saran yaitu upaya peningkatan pembinaan dan pendidikan tentang pentingnya pemberian imunisasi secara lengkap pada bayi.

scholarly journals Faktor – faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Hipertensi Pada Akseptor KB Suntik

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Widyaningsih ◽  
Isfaizah Isfaizah
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hormonal Status ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization

Salah satu penyakit tidak menular yang banyak ditemukan pada masyarakat saat ini salah satunya adalah hipertensi yang diawali pre-hipertensi. World Health Organization (WHO) mencatat pada tahun 2012 sedikitnya 839 juta kasus hipertensi, diperkirakan menjadi 1,15 milyar pada tahun 2025 atau sekitar 29% dari total penduduk dunia, dimana penderitanya lebih banyak pada wanita (30%) dibanding pria (29%).  Beberapa faktor risiko lain juga berkontribusi terhadap kenaikan tekanan darah pada wanita, diantaranya riwayat hipertensi, karakteristik seseorang (usia, jenis kelamin, ras), gaya hidup yang di dalamnya termasuk pola konsumsi lemak dan garam tinggi, makan secara berlebihan hingga mengakibatkan obesitas, kebiasaan merokok dan minum alkohol, kurang konsumsi sayuran dan buah, aktivitas fisik, pekerjaan, kualitas tidur, konsumsi kopi, stress, penggunaan alat kontrasepsi hormonal, status gizi dan obesitas sentral.  Perubahan tekanan darah tinggi dapat terjadi pada 5% pemakaian kontrasepsi hormonal. Tekanan darah akan meningkat secara bertahap dan tidak akan menetap. Wanita yang memakai kontrasepsi selama 5 tahun atau lebih, frekuensi perubahan tekanan darah tinggi meningkat 2 sampai 3 kali dari pada tidak memakai alat kontrasepsi hormonal. Resiko terjadinya tekanan darah tinggi akan meningkat dengan bertambahnya umur, lama pemakaian kontrasepsi dan bertambahnya berat badan.  Berdasarkan uraian di atas, peneliti tertarik melakukkan penelitian tentang.  Faktor – faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Hipertensi pada Akseptor KB Suntik.  Penelitian ini merupakan analitik korelasi dengan pendekatan cross-sectional study dengan teknik pengambilan sampel accidental sampling dan uji chi square pada analisa datanya.

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