scholarly journals A comparative study on bowel habits among the rural and urban school going adolescents of Puducherry

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4597
Author(s):  
Shiyam V. ◽  
Nishanthini N. ◽  
Niranjjan R. ◽  
Lokeshmaran A.
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Urban Adolescents ◽  
Bowel Habit ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bowel Habits ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Stool Form

Background: Adolescence stage the most challenging periods and critical period in one’s life. Bowel habit an important process in day to day life which also shows changes in its pattern from daily life. These changes need to be evaluated for the cause and to prevent certain diseases involving colon and rectum. Objectives was to determine and compare the bowel habits among school going adolescents in rural and urban areas of Puducherry.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from Jun 2019 to Aug 2019. School students from 6th to 12th standard were selected by multistage random sampling method. A semi structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20.Results: A cross sectional school-based study was conducted among 1350 school going adolescence, among them 618 students from rural area and 732 students from urban area participated in the study. Prevalence of constipation was higher among school going adolescents of urban area (21.9%) compared to that of rural area (19.2%). Prevalence of diarrhoea was higher among the school going adolescents of rural area (6.2%) compared to that of urban area (4.1%). Open field defaecation practice was high among the rural adolescents (26.9%) compared to that of urban adolescents (7.4%). Type 3 stool form was the predominant type in both rural (50.03%) and urban (51.8%) school which is the normal stool form in bristol stool chart.Conclusions: Total 87.2% of rural and 87% of urban school going adolescents have a normal bowel habit. Open field defaecation practice was high among the rural adolescents compared to that of urban adolescents.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Attitude of Adolescents Studying in Junior Colleges of Rural and Urban Areas of Vijayapura towards Social Aspects of Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 1280-1285
Author(s):  
Sadashiva Basavantappa Ukkali ◽  
Nagamani Kulkarni ◽  
Thobbi A.N. ◽  
Ayesha Siddiqua ◽  
Shruthi Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Adolescents ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban

BACKGROUND Adolescent period is that part of exciting period of life which marks the transition from being a dependent kid to an independent and responsible adult. It is recognised as a fascinating period that poses specific challenges and has a great impact on the physical, social and emotional behaviour in the family and society. METHODS A comparative cross-sectional survey of a total of 1000 adolescents, 16 - 18 years of age – 250 each from 4 PU colleges (2 urban + 2 rural) were interviewed using a pretested questionnaire. Based on responses, their attitude towards social aspects of life were assessed, analysed and compared. RESULTS There were significant differences in attitude of adolescents residing in urban areas on various social aspects of life as compared to the adolescents residing in rural areas. Significant differences were observed in personality development traits like selfesteem and self-concept, shrewdness, tender mindedness, internal restraint and individual capacities. Risk taking behaviour was more common in urban adolescents and academic underachievement was more common in rural adolescents. There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to home / college environment, safety at home / college, relationships with parents, siblings and friends, depression and social ideation. CONCLUSIONS We observed that rural and urban adolescents differed significantly in their attitude towards development of personality traits. Rural adolescents were academically underachievers because of poor facilities, less opportunities and lack of motivation. Urban adolescents exhibited high risk-taking behaviour compared to rural adolescents because of high peer-pressure, curiosity and more exposure to mass media. KEY WORDS Adolescent, Attitude, Rural, Urban, Social

Study on prevalence of obesity in urban and rural adolescents in Odisha: Implications for public health strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Manoj Kar ◽  
Sasmita Behera
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Urban Adolescents ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Nutrition Interventions ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Obesity and overweight have become a worldwide public health challenge and there is an urgent need to examine prevalence of obesity among adolescents. The aim of the present research is to determine health status with respect to obesity of urban & rural adolescents. The data were derived from cross-sectional sampling of adolescent boys and girls of urban and rural population. Age, gender and body mass Index was used to define overweight and obesity. The overweight and obesity were considered using an updated body mass index reference based on the revised consensus guidelines for India. It is observed that the average height and weight, physical growth of adolescents of urban area is greater than that of rural area irrespective of their gender. The BMI (Body Mass Index) of urban adolescents are more than their counterparts in rural area, but the mean BMI of rural and urban adolescents are significantly different. On the other hand BMI do not show any variation due to gender, area and gender considered together. Most of the adolescents irrespective of their area of residence, in spite of their long hours of sedentary behavior are falling under normal category. The result showed physical activities did influence change in BMI, which has a strong independent association with family history of obesity in both rural and urban adolescents. This study analysis showed an increase in prevalence of overweight and obesity in urban adolescents especially with male gender, calling for an urgent need for targeted preventive measures targeting undernutrition and overweight involving public health nutrition interventions for healthy public policies and implementation of equitable nutrition interventions for optimizing public health outcomes for those populations in greater need.

scholarly journals Lifestyle associated morbidity among geriatric population–urban and rural comparison

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nipun Agrawal ◽  
Danish Imtiaz ◽  
Atul K. Singh ◽  
Shyam B. Gupta ◽  
Abhishek Jain
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Background: The proportion of people aged over 60 years is growing faster than any other age group in almost every country which can be attributed to longer life expectancy, declining birth rates, expansion of healthcare services in quality and quantity. An individual’s choice of behaviour may be either health promoting or detrimental to health. Health is both a consequence of an individual’s lifestyle and a factor determining it but it cannot be isolated from other aspects of life. With the above background, this study was planned to report and compare lifestyle and prevalence of lifestyle associated morbidities among geriatric population of rural and urban areas in district Bareilly (UP).Methods: The present descriptive cross sectional study was conducted over a period of one year amongst families registered with UHTC and RHTC of SRMS IMS, Bareilly. All persons willing to participate aged 60 years or more were interviewed in the presence of one family member.Results: A total of 525 elderly, 263 rural and 262 urban, were surveyed. The mean age of elderly residing in the rural and urban areas are 66.21±5.97 and 67.30±5.89 respectively, eldest being 96 years old rural subject. Lifestyle of rural elderlies was healthier compared to urban subjects. 12.5% rural elderly had no apparent disease against only 7.5% urban elderly.Conclusions: Overall consumption of salt and oil consumed per person per day was found to be higher amongst the elderly residing in the urban area as compared to those in the rural area. Most of the elderly of rural area (77.57%) as well as urban area (59.92%) fall in Zone–1 i.e. with an audit score below 7. Proportion of current tobacco users and ever tobacco users were higher in the rural area (40.68% and 46.76% respectively). The proportion of subjects who were apparently healthy was higher in rural area (46.77%) than urban area (39.69%).

scholarly journals Male knowledge of birth preparedness in Ogun State, Nigeria: A rural/urban comparative cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kolawole Sodeinde ◽  
Fikayo Bamidele ◽  
Ngozi Adefala ◽  
Adedotun Sodeinde
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Birth Preparedness ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Mean

Objective: This study aimed to compare the knowledge of men concerning birth preparedness between rural and urban dwellers of Ogun State, Nigeria. Methodology: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 440 men each in rural and urban areas of Ogun State using a multistage sampling method to select participants. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to elicit data about respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge of birth preparedness. Knowledge was graded as good and poor knowledge. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 20 and presented as tables. Results: The mean ages of the urban and rural respondents were 36.58±6.760 and 37.61±9.788 respectively. The difference in the mean age of urban and rural residents was not statistically significant (t= -1.819, P=0.069). A higher proportion of urban respondents (53.4%) had a statistically significant good knowledge of birth preparedness compared to 30.2% of rural men (P<0.001). The association between age and knowledge of birth preparedness was statistically significant among rural respondents (P<0.001) unlike urban respondents (P=0.874). A statistically significant association was noted between education and knowledge (P<0.001) in the urban area as against the rural area (P=0.084). Conclusion: Knowledge of birth preparedness is better among male urban dwellers than their rural counterparts. Knowledge is statistically significantly associated with age in the rural area and with the level of education in the urban area. There is a need for an improved appropriate strategy that can raise knowledge of maternity care among rural men.

scholarly journals KERAGAMAN KONSUMSI PANGAN PADA BALITA STUNTING DI WILAYAH PEDESAAN DAN PERKOTAAN KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO [Dietary Diversity among Stunting Toddlers in Rural and Urban Areas of Probolinggo Regency]

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Dhita Kusuma Astuti ◽  
Sri Sumarmi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Government ◽  
Rural And Urban Area

One of the main nutritional problems faced by developing countries is stunting. Probolinggo Regency is one of the government priority to overcome stunting problem in Indonesia with prevalence of stunting up to 49.43%. Rural area have higher prevalence of stunting compare to urban area. Dietary diversity associate with stunting. This study aimed to analyze the diff erences of dietary diversity among stunting toddlers in rural and urban area of Probolinggo Regency. A cross sectional study design was used with total sample as much as 44 stunting toddlers aged 12-59 months in rural and 44 stunting toddlers with the same age in urban area. Sample was determined by multistage cluster sampling. Data were collected using IDDS instrument and rated twice with minimum consumption of 10 grams. Data were analyzed using T-test. Result showed that there were no signifi cant diff erences on dietary diversity (p=0.106) among stunting toddlers in rural and urban area. Dietary diversity among stunting toddlers in urban area are slightly better than rural area. Based on 9 food groups, stunting toddlers both in rural and urban area were not consuming organ meat. It was concluded that dietary diversity among stunting toddlers in rural area was not diff erent from dietary diversity among stunting toddlers in urban areas. Mother should give more diverse food to their children, especially fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds, milk and milk products, and introduce organ meat such as chicken liver.

Virtue, Shame, and Choice: Perspectives of Sex Work Among Adolescents in Variously Globalized Thai Communities

2021 ◽  
pp. 002202212110323
Author(s):  
Jessica McKenzie ◽  
José J. Reyes ◽  
Kajai C. Xiong ◽  
Alysia Corona ◽  
Chelsee Armsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Urban Adolescents ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Personal Choice ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
International Reputation ◽  
Sexual Conservatism ◽  
Global Values

Although taboo given the traditional Thai value of female sexual conservatism, sex work is a practice for which Thailand has gained international attention. As in other rapidly globalizing contexts, however, Thai youth are increasingly exposed to global values of gender equality, self-fulfillment, and personal choice. This may, in turn, alter youth perspectives of this taboo yet pervasive practice. To understand how Thai youth negotiate local and global values when considering sex work, this study examined the moral evaluations and moral reasoning of adolescents residing in variously globalized communities. Forty participants (20 adolescents in each a more and a less globalized Thai setting) participated in interviews in which they discussed their perspectives of sex work. Quantitative analysis of moral evaluations revealed that rural and urban adolescents alike deemed sex work as mostly morally wrong. Qualitative analysis of moral reasoning revealed that both participant groups prioritized Thai values of sexual purity for women, shame avoidance, and reputation maintenance. Yet distinct values were also endorsed across participant groups. Rural adolescents centered local values (e.g., relational choice, women’s dignity, Buddhist divinity) and urban adolescents drew heavily from global values (e.g., autonomous choice, romantic love, international reputation) when reasoning about the morality and immorality of sex work. Findings point to the manner in which contextual realities shape—and reshape—cultural values in this rapidly globalizing nation.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON AWARENESS AND HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE IN RURALAND URBAN MEERUT

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-67
Author(s):  
Harivansh Chopra ◽  
Tanveer Bano ◽  
Niharika Verma ◽  
Gargi Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Economics Of Health ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
Rural And Urban Area

Universal Health Coverage aims to provide essential health services to all while providing protection from catastrophic expenditure on health. To mitigate the economics of health expenditure, health insurance is one of the important tool. Hence, this study was conducted to nd out the awareness and practice of health insurance coverage in rural and urban Meerut.90 households were studied in both rural and urban area. Awareness was higher in urban area but coverage was higher in rural area. Awareness and coverage were found to be signicantly associated with poverty status in rural area of Meerut.

scholarly journals Kelainan refraksi pada siswa SMP daerah pedesaan

e-CliniC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indo Mamesah ◽  
Josefien S. M. Saerang ◽  
Laya M. Rares
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Visual Field Loss ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract: Visual impairment is defined as a functional limitation of the eye/eyes or visual system and can manifest in decreased visual acuity or contrast sensitivity, visual field loss, photophobia, visual distortion, visual perceptual difficulties, or a combination of them. Examination of the eye and vision assessment are very important to detect conditions that can cause blindness and serious systemic conditions, which cause problems in school performance, or at a more severe level, life threatening. This study aimed to obtain the occurence of refractive anomalies among junior high school students in rural areas. This was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in SMP I Wori (rural area) and SMP I Airmadidi (urban area). There were 60 respondents; 30 respondents of each school. Distributions of respondent genders were nearly the same for both schools; the number of females was higher than males. The majority of SMP I Airmadidi students were 11 years old (36.7%), meanwhile the majority of SMP Wori students were 13 years (50%). Most student complaints in SMP I Airmadidi were itchy eyes and drowsiness (16.7%), meanwhile in SMP I Wori was headache (18.4%). Visual impairment was found in 16.6% of students of SMP I Airmadidi, meanwhile in SMP I there was no student with refractive anomaly. Conclusion: There was no refractive anomaly found among students of rural area, however, among students of urban area myopia was the refractive anomaly found.Keywords: refractive anomalyAbstrak: Gangguan penglihatan didefinisikan sebagai suatu keterbatasan fungsional pada mata atau kedua mata atau sistem visual yang dapat bermanifestasi terhadap penurunan ketajaman penglihatan atau sensitifitas kontras, hilangnya lapangan penglihatan, photofobia, distorsi visual, kesulitan perseptual visual atau kombinasi dari semua diatas. Pemeriksaan mata dan penilaian penglihatan sangat penting untuk mendeteksi kondisi yang dapat menyebabkan kebutaan dan kondisi sistemik serius, yang memicu masalah performa di sekolah, atau pada tingkat yang lebih berat, mengancam kehidupan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kelainan refraksi pada anak SMP di daerah pedesaan. Jenis penelitian ini analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Penelitian dilakukan di SMPN I Wori (daerah luar Minahasa Utara/pedesaan) dan SMPN I Airmadidi (kota Kabupaten Minahasa Utara), dan diperoleh 60 responden penelitian. Distribusi jenis kelamin responden kedua sekolah hampir sama dimana jumlah perempuan lebih banyak dari laki-laki. Usia terbanyak di SMPN I Airmadidi ialah 11 tahun (36,7%) sedangkan di SMPN Wori 13 tahun (50%). Keluhan terbanyak siswa di SMPN I Airmadidi ialah mata gatal dan rasa kantuk (16,7%), sedangkan di SMPN I Wori ialah sakit kepala (18, 4%). Gangguan penglihatan ditemukan pada responden di SMPN I Airmadidi sebanyak 16,6 % sedangkan di SMPN I tidak ditemukan kelainan visus. Simpulan: Tidak ditemukan adanya gangguan refraksi pada siswa SMP di daerah pedesaan. Kelainan refraksi miopia ditemukan pada siswa SMP di perkotaan.Kata kunci: gangguan refraksi

scholarly journals Authors Response: Clinical differences between children with asthma and rhinitis in rural and urban areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-48
Author(s):  
Jorge Sánchez ◽  
Andrés Sánchez ◽  
Ricardo Cardona
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sample Size Calculation ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
The Difference

We greatly appreciate the interest shown in the article "Clinical differences between children with asthma and rhinitis in rural and urban areas", which we hope will be one of several future articles that we intend to carry out in the study cohort. To the questions generated by the reader, one is focused on the calculation of the sample size, while the other two questions are focus in the method of analysis, and the reader suggests, it could be more robust. Regarding the sample size, we describe that infant asthma in urban areas of Medellin was 11% and rhinitis 23%, according to previous studies. There is no data available for the rural area. We note that with a confidence level of 95%, a power of 80% and a sample size error of 0.5%, the sample size was calculated; estimating 201 children for the urban area and 128 for the rural area. Finally, we recruited and were able to continue for a year, a total of 248 children from the urban area and 134 from the rural area. The complaint of the reader, is focus that the more appropriated technique would be "… the appropriate sample size calculation must have been the difference of means between two independent populations, although the authors did not report any ACT effect size based on previous studies."...

scholarly journals Durasi Membaca Buku Merupakan Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Miopia Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar: Studi Perbandingan Rural dan Urban Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Wahju Ratna Martiningsih ◽  
Fitria Devi ◽  
Andra Novitasari ◽  
Kanti Ratnaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Purposive Sampling

Latar Belakang: Kelainan refraksi merupakan salah satu penyebab ganggunan penglihatan. Miopia merupakan salah satu kelaian refraksi dan anak-anak merupakan kelompok yang menderita kelainan refraksi berupa miopia. Kebiasaan membaca merupakan salah satu faktor peneybab miopia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan faktor risiko penderita miopia pada anak Sekolah Dasar (SD) yang ada di urban area dan rural areaMetode: Penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan teknik purposive sampling. Sampel merupakan siswa SD Negeri 03 Sidomukti (rural area) dan SD Hj. Isriati Baiturrahman 1 (urban area)  kelas 4,5, dan 6. Kriteria eksklusi meliputi kelaianan konginetal mata, infeksi, atau pasca operasi intraokuler. Data penelitian menggunakan data primer berupa kuisioner dan pemeriksaan visus. Analisis menggunakan uji chi square.Hasil: Dari 214 sampel terdiri dari 116 sampel rural area dan 98 sampel urban area, hanya faktor durasi membaca buku pada sampel di rural area yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya miopia (p=0,016), sedangkan faktor riwayat keluarga, konsumsi sayur atau buah, jarak baca, intensitas menonton TV, intensitas menggunakan komputer, intensitas menggunakan gadget, aktivitas luar ruangan hari sekolah, dan aktivitas luar ruangan hari libur tidak berhubungan dengan terjadinya miopia pada sampel rural maupun urban area.Kesimpulan: Lama membaca buku berhubungan dengan terjadinya miopia pada rural area.

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