scholarly journals A cross sectional study on musculoskeletal discomfort and its determinants among agricultural workers in a rural community of Tamil Nadu

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4839
Author(s):  
Parthasarathi Ramanathan ◽  
Ram Prabhakar ◽  
Velmurugan Anbu Ananthan
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Musculoskeletal Discomfort ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Population

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are the major contributors of disability worldwide. So, the aim of the present study was to estimate the magnitude and the determinants of musculoskeletal discomfort among agricultural workers in a rural area of Tamil Nadu.  Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted among 110 subjects aged 15 years and above residing in Veerapandi village, Theni, Tamil Nadu from July to December 2018. A structured questionnaire incorporating nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was used to collect data. The prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD) and its determinants were the main outcome variables. It was analysed with Epi info statistical software. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were done keeping p vale<0.05 as statistically significant.  Results: The mean age of the study population was 39.37±12.75 years. Majority (38.2%) were between 25 to 34 years. 54.5% were feamles. The prevalence of MSD was 63.6% (95% C.I. of 53.9% to 72.6%). Lower back (48.5%) was the most common site of MSD followed by knees (45.75%) and neck (35.7%). In bivariate and multivariate analysis, age, female gender and obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) were the statistically significant determinants of MSD in the study population.  Conclusions: The prevalence of MSD was very high in the study population. There is a pressing need for introduction of lifestyle modifications in high‐risk groups and initiate rehabilitative measures for those affected.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics of Rifampin in Peruvian Tuberculosis Patients with and without Comorbid Diabetes or HIV

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 2357-2363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Requena-Méndez ◽  
Geraint Davies ◽  
Alison Ardrey ◽  
Oswaldo Jave ◽  
Sonia L. López-Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peak Concentration ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Study Population

ABSTRACTFor drug-compliant patients, poor responses to tuberculosis (TB) treatment might be attributable to subtherapeutic drug concentrations. An impaired absorption of rifampin was previously reported for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) or HIV. The objectives of this study were to determine whether TB drug pharmacokinetics differed in Peruvian TB patients with DM or HIV. In this cross-sectional study, TB patients, recruited from health centers in Lima, Peru, had blood samples taken at 2 and 6 h after directly observed TB drug ingestion, to determine plasma concentrations of rifampin. Of 105 patients, 50 had TB without a comorbidity, 26 had coexistent DM, and 29 had coexistent HIV. Unexpectedly, the overall median 2- and 6-h levels of rifampin were 1.6 and 3.2 mg/liter, respectively, and the time to the peak concentration was 6 h (slow absorber) instead of 2 h (fast absorber) for 61 patients (62.2%). The geometric mean peak concentration of drug in serum (Cmax) was significantly higher in fast absorbers than in slow absorbers (5.0 versus 3.8 mg/liter;P= 0.05). The rifampinCmaxwas significantly lower in male patients than in female patients (3.3 versus 6.3 mg/liter;P< 0.001). Neither slow nor fast absorbers with comorbidities (DM or HIV) had significantly differentCmaxresults compared to those of TB patients without comorbidities. An analysis of variance regression analysis showed that female gender (P< 0.001) and the time to maximum concentration of drug in serum (Tmax) at 2 h (P= 0.012) were independently correlated with increased exposure to rifampin. Most of this Peruvian study population exhibited rifampin pharmacokinetics different from those conventionally reported, with delayed absorption and low plasma concentrations, independent of the presence of an HIV or DM comorbidity.

scholarly journals Acute respiratory infections among under five children in a rural area of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu, India: a cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3445
Author(s):  
Savitha A. K. ◽  
Gopalakrishnan S. ◽  
Umadevi R.
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Study Population

Background: Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is an infection of the respiratory tract that may interfere with normal breathing. ARI is one of the leading causes of illness and death among children worldwide. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of ARI among under 5 children in the rural field practice area of a medical college in Kancheepuram district of Tamil Nadu.Methods: This study is a community based cross–sectional study. The study population was children below five years of age and informant was the mother of the child. The sample size is 380 and simple random sampling method was used. Data was analyzed using the SPSS software, version 16, and presented as descriptive statistics.Results: The prevalence of ARI among children was 41.6%. Regarding the symptoms of ARI, 36.6% of them had either cold or runny nose, 27.9% had cough, 23.4% had stridor, 20.8% had reduced intake of food, 2.6% had either ear pain or discharge, 2.6% had rapid breathing.1.3% had wheeze, 0.8% were tired/drowsy, 0.5% had throat pain, 0.5% had convulsions and 17.1% of them had symptoms with fever.Conclusions: This study shows the prevalence of ARI among children below 5 years of age is 41.6% which is relatively high. The symptoms of ARI reflect the non severe form of pneumonia. More hospital based studies should be done in order to know the burden of severe form of pneumonia which contributes to the morbidity and mortality of children below five years of age.

scholarly journals Determinants of open-air defecation in rural Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 512
Author(s):  
Swarnapriya Vasudevan ◽  
Srinivasan Nallasamy ◽  
Arjun Loganathan
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Toilet Facility ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Family ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Bodies Of Water

Background: Open defecation refers to the practice whereby people go out in fields, bushes, forests, open bodies of water, or other open spaces rather than using toilet to defecate. This practice contributes to the emergence of infectious diseases which forms a threat to health of people. This study attempts to find the prevalence of open-air defecation (OAD) and to explore factors influencing the practice.Methods: The present study was a community based cross-sectional study taken up in the C. Manampadi village covering 153 households. A semi structured questionnaire along with the Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) questionnaire was used to collect data.Results: Our study results show that 35.3% of the households had no toilet facility in their houses and were practicing open air defecation. There was a significant association between open air defection and variables like literacy level of head of the family, community and water adequacy.Conclusions: This study highlights that the study population practices OAD not due to economic in sufficiency but due to social constraints.

scholarly journals Prevalence of depression among the elderly in urban area of Perambalur district

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
Nirmal S. Raveendran ◽  
Abinaya Ravi ◽  
Rock Britto ◽  
Saranya Sankar ◽  
Sharathkumar Ramachandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Gender ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

Background: Depression at any age needs attention. Geriatric population being most vulnerable, are more prone to many morbidities, physically and mentally. Geriatric depression is one among them which needs prompt attention. The objectives of the present study were to estimate the prevalence of geriatric depression and association of depression with various sociodemographic factors.Methods: A cross sectional study carried out among 300 geriatric subjects. A structured interview schedule was used to collect data.Results: The prevalence of depression was found to be 44.4%. Female gender, marital status, family type was found to be positively associated with depression.Conclusions: Geriatric depression in our study is found to be on little higher side. Lifestyle modifications and support from family members are needed to improve the quality of life of these people. 

scholarly journals Evaluation of obesity and its risk factors among rural adults in Tamil Nadu, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3611
Author(s):  
Karthik R. C. ◽  
Gopalakrishnan S.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Lifestyle Risk

Background: Obesity is a largely emerging multi-factorial non-communicable disease, which is caused due to accumulation of fat cells either by an increase in the size or number. World over, obesity has been proven to be the leading cause for several non-communicable diseases like diabetes, hypertension, cancer, etc. This study was done to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of obesity in a rural population of Tamil Nadu.Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out among 600 adults residing in Sripuram, a rural field practice area of our medical college. Data was collected by systematic random sampling method, using a structured questionnaire, to assess the socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometry and physical examination findings. Body Mass Index was calculated and classified as per WHO classification for Asians. SPSS Software Version 17 was used to analyze the data.Results: Among the 600 total study subjects, 317 subjects (52.8%) were males and 283 subjects (47.2%) were females. The age distribution among the study population ranged between 20-60 years. Prevalence of overweight (BMI>23) was 25.3% and prevalence of obesity (BMI>25) was 25.5%. About 11.5% of the study subjects were underweight (BMI>18.5) and 37.7% of the study population had normal weight. Sibling obesity and presence of thyroid disorders were significantly associated with the risk of overweight and obesity.Conclusions: This study highlights the need for periodic screening to detect obesity at its incipient stages. It is pertinent that awareness is created periodically to modify the diet and lifestyle risk factors in order to prevent further complications of obesity.

scholarly journals Depression, Anxiety and Stress Levels among Chronic Disease Patients During COVID-19 Pandemic in Dessie Town Hospitals, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-257
Author(s):  
Sisay Gedamu Addis ◽  
Abebe Dires Nega ◽  
Debrnesh Goshiye Miretu
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Chronic Disease Patients ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Before And After

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 was first detected in China in December 2019. In Ethiopia, depression, anxiety, and stress levels of chronic disease patients were not known during COVID-19. Thus, this study aimed to assess depression, anxiety, and stress levels of chronic disease patients in government and private hospitals of Dessie town during COVID-19. Methods: Hospital-based cross-sectional study design was used. The Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 was used to measure depression, anxiety, and stress of chronic disease patients during the current pandemic. Both binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors, and a significant association was declared at p-value < 0.05 in multivariate analysis. Results and Discussion: The overall anxiety, depression, and stress level were 19.9%, 21.5%, and 17.7%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, older age, female gender, urban residency, duration of living with chronic diseases, and presence of comorbidities were associated with depression of chronic disease patients during the pandemic at p-value <0.05. Age, female gender, presence of comorbidities, and no social support were associated with anxiety. Urban residency, use of hand sanitizer, those who had respiratory manifestations, and travel history in the last two weeks were significantly associated with stress levels. Conclusion: A significant number of chronic disease patients had depression, anxiety, and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, governmental and non-governmental organizations, health professionals, media, and hospital administrators should be involved to decrease the depression, anxiety, and stress of chronic disease patients during the pandemic. Moreover, we encourage researchers to conduct comparative longitudinal studies to assess depression, anxiety, and stress levels of chronic disease patients before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding work related hazards among salt workers in Marakkanam, Tamil Nadu

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 4629
Author(s):  
Johnson Cherian ◽  
Zile Singh ◽  
Joy Bazroy ◽  
Anil J. Purty ◽  
Murugan Natesan
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Salt Crystals ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problems ◽  
Salt Pan ◽  
Study Population

Background: The salt pan workers are exposed to severe health hazards like extreme heat, intense manual labour, direct contact with salt, sunlight glare from salt crystals. This paper describes their knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) regarding their work related hazards as well as availability and use of personal protective equipments (PPEs).Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in 4 randomly selected villages among the 10 salt worker villages in Marakkanam, Tamil Nadu.  A house to house survey of the selected villages enrolled 331 salt workers.  The data was collected using a pre designed and pre tested questionnaire.Results: Majority of salt worker (78.5%) reported of being aware of one or more hazards like physical stress (70.7%), direct sunlight (38.7%) and glare from salt crystals (16%) in salt work that resulted in musculoskeletal problems, ophthalmic problems, headache and giddiness. 87% of the salt workers were aware of one or the other personal protective equipments.  However, only less than 10% were using the conventional PPEs. The reasons for not using PPE were mainly inconvenience in using and PPE not provided by the employer.Conclusions: Most of the study population is aware of the hazards as well as one or the other methods of protective equipment but actual use of PPE is very low because of non-availability and perception of inconvenience in using them. There is a large gap between awareness and practice regarding PPE usage among these salt workers.

Analisis Faktor Determinan yang berhubungan dengan Kepatuhan Rekomendasi Modifikasi Gaya Hidup Pasien Hipertensi

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-263
Author(s):  
Abdul Qodir
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Knowledge Practice

Penatalaksanaan farmakologis dan non farmakologis dipercaya dapat mengontrol tekanan darah dan mencegah komplikasi, tetapi banyak pasien hipertensi tekanan darahnya tidak terkontrol. Hal tersebut dikarenakan kepatuhan yang buruk dalam melaksanakan rekomendasi gaya hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis determinan faktor yang berhungan dengan kepatuhan melaksanakan rekomendasi modifikasi gaya hidup. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross-sectional di pukesmas dinoyo Kota Malang tahun 2019. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Consecutive Sampling. Kuesioner yang digunakan meliputi : karakteristik demografi, pengetahuan dan rekomendasi mofifikasi gaya hidup pasien hipertensi. Hubungan antara rekomendasi modifikasi gaya hidup dengan variabel independen dianalisis menggunakan uji chi square dan analisis regresi logistik. 140 pasien hipertensi berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini (60 laki-laki, 80 wanita). Prevalensi kepatuhan adalah 28,6 %. Tingkat pengetahuan berhubungan signifikan  dengan kepatuhan melaksanakan rekomendasi gaya hidup (p=0,00). Jenis kelamin, usia, dan tingkat pendidikan tidak mempunyai hubungan signifikan dengan kepatuhan rekomendasi modifikasi gaya hidup (p= 0,06; p=0,21; p=0,87). Pengetahuan mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan kepatuhan rekomendasi modifikasi gaya hidup. Management of pharmacological and non-pharmacological is believed to control blood pressure and prevent complications,  but many hypertensive patients have uncontrolled blood pressure. This is due to poor adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications. This study was aimed to determine the factors associated with adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications of hypertensive patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Pukesmas Dinoyo Malang in 2019. Consecutive Sampling was used to select study subjects. The questionnaire included information about demographic characteristics, knowledge, practice of lifestyle-modification measures. Associations between adherence to lifestyle modification and independent variables were analyzed using chi square and multivariate logistic regression analysis. 140 hypertensive patients participated in the study (60 men, 80 women). The prevalence of adherence was 28.6%. The level of knowledge was significant associated with adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications (p = 0.00). Genders , age, and educational level were no significant associated with to recommended lifestyle modifications (p= 0.06; p=0.21; p=0.87). Knowledge was significant associated with adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications of hypertensive patients.

scholarly journals Cow’s milk exposure and atopic dermatitis after six months of age

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Surya Jayanti Kadek ◽  
Dewi Kumara Wati Ketut ◽  
Karyana Putu Gede
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Study Population

Background About 60% of individuals with atopic dermatitis (AD) develop their first manifestation during infancy. Cow’s milk (CM) exposure is considered to be a risk factor for AD.Objective To evaluate for an association between cow’s milk exposure and atopic dermatitis in infants > 6 months of age.  Methods This cross-sectional study consisted of subjects from a previous study and new subjects recruited in order to meet the minimum required number of subjects. Our study population comprised 120 infants, born between 1 February and 30 November, 2012 in Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar. Subjects were divided into CM and non-CM groups and analyzed for their risk of AD. Subjects were included to CM group if they were fed with cow’s milk/formula  and included to non-CM group if they were breastfeed exclusively in the first six months of life. Other possible risk factors were assessed by multivariate analysis. Results One hundred twenty subjects were enrolled and analyzed (59 in the CM and 61 in the non-CM groups). The prevalence of AD was 30%. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between CM exposure and AD, with odds ratio (OR) 2.37 (95%CI 1.036 to 5.420; P=0.04). In addition, maternal diet including eggs and/or cow’s milk during the breastfeeding period was significantly associated with AD in infants (OR 3.18; 95%CI 1.073 to 9.427; P=0.04).Conclusion Cow’s milk exposure is significantly associated with atopic dermatitis in infants  > six months of age. 

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance among Health Care Workers in the United States

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Shekhar ◽  
Abu Baker Sheikh ◽  
Shubhra Upadhyay ◽  
Mriganka Singh ◽  
Saket Kottewar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Final Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Vaccination Acceptance ◽  
Study Population ◽  
To Receive

Background: Acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine will play a major role in combating the pandemic. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are among the first group to receive vaccination, so it is important to consider their attitudes about COVID-19 vaccination to better address barriers to widespread vaccination acceptance. Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study to assess the attitude of HCWs toward COVID-19 vaccination. Data were collected between 7 October and 9 November 2020. We received 4080 responses out of which 3479 were complete responses and were included in the final analysis. Results: 36% of respondents were willing to take the vaccine as soon as it became available while 56% were not sure or would wait to review more data. Only 8% of HCWs do not plan to get vaccine. Vaccine acceptance increased with increasing age, education, and income level. A smaller percentage of female (31%), Black (19%), Lantinx (30%), and rural (26%) HCWs were willing to take the vaccine as soon as it became available than the overall study population. Direct medical care providers had higher vaccine acceptance (49%). Safety (69%), effectiveness (69%), and speed of development/approval (74%) were noted as the most common concerns regarding COVID-19 vaccination in our survey.

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