scholarly journals Prevalence of depression, stress, anxiety among information technology professionals during COVID-19 lockdown, 2020 in Kerala

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 6031
Author(s):  
Cissy James ◽  
Gopika G. ◽  
Irina Mariya Diju ◽  
Aswathy T. R. ◽  
Karthika J. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Past History ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Relationship Status ◽  
Information Technology Professionals ◽  
It Professionals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Participants

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has completely changed the work pattern of information technology professionals who had to shift from the work from office to work from home pattern. The comforts of home, that they used to enjoy, was now taken up by an office space at home and this has potentially altered the mental health status of these professionals.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among IT professionals within the age group 21-45 years working in Kerala. 218 subjects were included in the study. A self-prepared structured questionnaire was used to collect basic demographic information and depression anxiety and stress scale (DASS 21) scale was used to assess depression anxiety and stress among IT professionals using Google form. Informed consent was obtained in the beginning of the questionnaire. The data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed using SPSS software.Results: Out of the total study participants 50.5% (110) were males and 49% (108) were females. 42.7% were married and 57.3% were unmarried and none of them were divorced or living separated. Most of the study participants (62.8%) had monthly income below 50,000. Out of the total study participants, 72 (33%) of them were working in IT field for less than 2 years, 52 were working for last 2-4 years, 51 were working for last 4-8 years and only 43 individuals were working for more than 8 years. 67% of them had their working hours raised during COVID lock down. In our study while 21.6% had a previous history of psychiatric illness for which they have consulted a doctor/psychologist. Out of all the study subjects, 4.1% were mildly depressed, 6.9% were moderately depressed, 5.5% were severely depressed and 1.8% had extremely severe depression. Most of the study subjects (81.7%) were not anxious, 9.2% were mildly anxious, 6.8% were moderately anxious, 2.3% were severely anxious. 76.9% had no stress, 6.1% were mildly stressed, 11.5% were moderately stressed, 4.6% were severely stressed and 0.9% had extremely severe stress. Depression among IT professionals during COVID-19 lockdown was found to be significantly associated with past history of psychiatric illness. Anxiety was found to be significantly associated with past history of psychiatric illness and unmarried relationship status. The stress among IT professionals during lockdown was found to be significantly associated with previous history of psychiatric illness and unmarried relationship status.Conclusions: 18.3% of the IT professionals had some degree of depression and 23.1% was facing stress 18.3% was anxious. Past history of psychiatric illness was associated with increased depression anxiety and stress. Unmarried relationship status was associated with associated with increased anxiety and stress.

scholarly journals ACUTE HEART FAILURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (09) ◽  
pp. 1392-1396
Author(s):  
Jasia Reham Din ◽  
Shahid Maqbool ◽  
Shakeel ur Rehman ◽  
Naeem Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Acute Heart Failure ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Past History ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Uncontrolled Hypertension ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Emergency Department Patients

Objectives: To determine the frequency of the major precipitating factorsamong the patients presenting with acute heart failure. Study Design: Cross sectional study.Setting: Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faisalabad. Period: July 2014 to January 2015.Materials and Methods: 190 patients of acute heart failure were included after obtaininginformed consent from emergency department. Patients from age of 25 years to 80 years andof either sex either diabetic or non-diabetic were enrolled in study. ECG and CXR were takenin emergency with baseline investigations. Precipitating cause was identified from collectedhistory, clinical examination and ECG, CXR and lab results. Results: Mean age of these patientswere 54.4 + 8.92, 100 (52.6%) were male, 90 (47.4%) were females, 88 patients (46.3%) werediabetic, 102 patients (53.68%) were non-diabetic and 124 (65.3%) had previous history of heartfailure and 66 (34.7%) had no past history of heart failure. ACS was the common precipitatingfactor of Acute Heart Failure ( 31.57% ) among all the patients of the study with non-complianceof drugs 27.9% , arrhythmias 17.9% uncontrolled hypertension 17.36% and infections 5.3%.Conclusion: Young, male, diabetics and patients with history of chronic HF suffered more fromAHF. ACS was the most common precipitating factor while in patients with de novo Acute HeartFailure; it was ACS and non-compliance with drugs.

scholarly journals Burden of neck pain among medical students in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gidey Gomera Weleslassie ◽  
Hagazi Gebre Meles ◽  
Tsiwaye Gebreyesus Haile ◽  
Gebreslassie Kahsay Hagos
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Past History ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
University College ◽  
Mekelle University ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Neck pain is the major cause of morbidity and absenteeism from university lessons among medical students worldwide. Medical students are more exposed and appear to have neck pain because of their length of study to achieve their professional goals. However, up to the knowledge of the researcher, there is a scarcity of literature conducted on prevalence and associated factors of neck pain among medical students in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with neck pain among medical students at Mekelle University, College of Health Sciences, Tigray, Ethiopia. Method Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2018 to May 2018. A structured questionnaire adapted from the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was distributed to 422 participants using a self-administered questionnaire in Mekelle University, College of Health Sciences Tigray, Ethiopia. Independent variables which had a significant association were identified using logistic regression models. Results were reported by using texts and frequency distribution tables. Result A total of 422 participants involved in this study, with a 99.3% response rate. Previous 12 months self-reported prevalence of neck pain among medical students was found to be 49.2% with 95%CI (44.5–54%). Previous history of neck pain (AOR: 11.811, 95%CI: 5.460–25.549), physical exercise (AOR: 2.044, 95%CI: 1.233–3.387), duration of reading (AOR: 1.502, 95%CI: 0.236–2.780) and awkward posture (AOR: 3.87, 95%CI: 2.311–6.484) were factors significantly associated with neck pain. Conclusion and recommendation The current study showed that nearly half of the study participants self-reported to have suffered neck pain in the preceding 12 months. Past history of neck pain, physical exercise, duration of reading and awkward neck posture are likely to be significantly associated neck pain among medical students in Ethiopia. Engaging in consistent physical exercise has a protective effect against neck pain. Therefore, Medical students are recommended to carry out a regular physical exercise for a minimum of twenty to thirty minutes per day.

scholarly journals HIV virological non-suppression and its associated factors in children on antiretroviral therapy at a major treatment centre in Southern Ghana: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adwoa K. A. Afrane ◽  
Bamenla Q. Goka ◽  
Lorna Renner ◽  
Alfred E. Yawson ◽  
Yakubu Alhassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Study Recruitment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Children living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection require lifelong effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). The goal of ART in HIV-infected persons is sustained viral suppression. There is limited information on virological non-suppression or failure and its associated factors in children in resource limited countries, particularly Ghana. Methods A cross-sectional study of 250 children aged 8 months to 15 years who had been on ART for at least 6 months attending the Paediatric HIV clinic at Korle Bu Teaching hospital in Ghana was performed. Socio-demographic, clinical, laboratory and ART Adherence related data were collected using questionnaires as well as medical records review. Blood samples were obtained for viral load and CD4+ count determination. Viral load levels > 1000 copies/ml on ART was considered virological non-suppression. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with virological non-suppression. Results The mean (±SD) age of the study participants was 11.4 ± 2.4 years and the proportion of males was 53.2%. Of the 250 study participants, 96 (38.4%) had virological non-suppression. After adjustment for significant variables, the factors associated with non-suppressed viral load were female gender (AOR 2.51 [95% CI 1.04–6.07], p = 0.041), having a previous history of treatment of tuberculosis (AOR 4.95 [95% CI 1.58–15.5], p = 0.006), severe CD4 immune suppression status at study recruitment (AOR 24.93 [95% CI 4.92–126.31], p < 0.001) and being on a nevirapine (NVP) based regimen (AOR 7.93 [95% CI 1.58–1.15], p = 0.005). Conclusion The prevelance of virological non-suppression was high. Virological non-suppression was associated with a previous history of TB treatment, female gender, severe CD4 immune suppression status at study recruitment and being on a NVP based regimen. Early initiation of ART and phasing out NVP-based regimen might improve viral load suppression in children. In addition, children with a history of TB may need focused measures to maximize virological suppression.

Attitudes of patients with psychiatric illness toward traditional healing

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelaziz A Omer ◽  
Amir A Mufaddel
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Traditional Healing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Background: The role of traditional healers in the community remains an issue of debate as they have a role in the community that could not be neglected. Traditional medicine can be a barrier for early intervention and treatment of psychiatric disorders. Aim: This study is a cross-sectional descriptive study that aims to evaluate the attitude of patients toward traditional healing in Khartoum teaching hospital in Sudan. Method: Patients who attended the outpatient clinic were asked about previous history of seeking treatment from traditional healers. A specific questionnaire was introduced to participants. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the data variables, and tabulated tables were used to calculate chi-square test for categorical data and the significance was set at p < .05. Results: From a total of 131 subjects, there were 111 (84%) of patients who reported previous history of seeking traditional treatment for psychiatric illness. No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of psychiatric diagnosis ( p = .559) or sociodemographic characteristics including age ( p = .740), gender ( p = .469) and educational level ( p = .226). The decision of seeking traditional treatment was mostly taken by families and the patients took the decision in only 27% of cases. The majority of participants (55.9%) believe that their psychiatric symptoms are due to evil eye, and 20.7% believe that the symptoms are due to magic. The type of traditional treatment was significantly related to gender ( p = .003) but not related to level of education ( p = .137). Conclusion: The vast majority of psychiatric patients have history of receiving traditional healing, and the decisions regarding treatment are taken by family in most of the cases. Further research is needed to evaluate future projects of providing psychoeducation to the community and to invite traditional healers to participate in channels of referral for cases that need early intervention with psychotropic medications.

scholarly journals HIV virological non-suppression and its associated factors amongst children on antiretroviral therapy at a major paediatric treatment centre in Southern Ghana: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adwoa K. A. Afrane ◽  
Bamenla Q. Goka ◽  
Lorna Renner ◽  
Alfred Edwin Yawson ◽  
Yakubu Alhassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Study Recruitment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection require lifelong effective Antiretroviral Therapy (ART). The aim of ART in HIV-infected persons is sustained viral suppression. There is limited information on virological non-suppression or failure and its associated factors in children in resource limited countries, particularly Ghana. Methods A cross-sectional study of 250 children aged 8 months to 15 years who had been on ART for at least 6 months attending the Paediatric HIV clinic at Korle Bu Teaching hospital in Ghana was performed. Socio-demographic, clinical, laboratory and ART Adherence related data were collected using questionnaires as well as medical records. Blood samples were obtained for viral load and CD4+ count determination. Viral load levels > 1000 copies/ml on ART was considered virological non-suppression. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with virological non-suppression. Results The mean (± SD) age of the study participants was 11.4 ± 2.4 years and the proportion of males was 53.2%. Of the 250 study participants, 96 (38.4%) had virological non-suppression. After adjustment for significant variables, the factors associated with non-suppressed viral load were female gender (AOR 2.51 [95% CI 1.04–6.07], p = 0.041), having a previous history of treatment of tuberculosis (AOR 4.95 [95% CI 1.58–15.5], p = 0.006), severe CD4 immune suppression status (CD4% < 15% / CD4+ count < 200 cells/mm 3) at study recruitment (AOR 24.93 [95% CI 4.92-126.31], p < 0.001) and being on a Nevirapine based regimen (AOR 7.93 [95% CI 1.58–1.15], p = 0.005). Conclusion The prevelance of virological non-suppression was high. Virological non-suppression was associated with a previous history of TB treatment, female gender, severe CD4 immune suppression status (CD4% <15% / CD4+ count < 200 cells/mm3), at study recruitment and being on a Nevirapine based regimen. Early initiation of ART and phasing out Nevirapine based regimen might improve viral load suppression in children. In addition, children with a history of TB may need focused measures to maximize virological suppression.

Malaria among migrants in a university hospital in Colombia during 2018: A case series

2020 ◽  
pp. 004947552098130
Author(s):  
Fabián R Carreño-Almánzar ◽  
Adán Coronado-Galán ◽  
Sonia A Cala-Gómez ◽  
Agustín Vega-Vera
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Imported Malaria ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinical Profiles

Imported malaria has increased in Colombia since 2015 and has been attributed to migrants coming from Venezuela. We present a series of malaria cases, nested in a retrospective cross-sectional study between 2017 and 2018, aimed at calculating the prevalence of medical diseases among immigrants in a University Hospital in Colombia. Among 154 immigrants admitted for medical causes between 2017 and 2018, 8 were diagnosed with malaria, all due to Plasmodium vivax. Of these, seven had uncomplicated malaria, five had a previous history of malaria, one was critically ill, but none died. We highlight that, similar to other case series of imported malaria, Latin American migrants were young, with similar clinical profiles, having a low proportion of severe cases, and P. vivax was the most frequent cause.

scholarly journals Reported Neighborhood Traffic and the Odds of Asthma/Asthma-Like Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of a Multi-Racial Cohort of Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Sarah Commodore ◽  
Pamela L. Ferguson ◽  
Brian Neelon ◽  
Roger Newman ◽  
William Grobman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Public Parks ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Child Health Outcomes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Asthma in children poses a significant clinical and public health burden. We examined the association between reported neighborhood traffic (a proxy for traffic-related air pollution) and asthma among 855 multi-racial children aged 4–8 years old who participated in the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) cohort. We hypothesized that high neighborhood traffic density would be associated with the prevalence of asthma. Asthma/asthma-like symptoms (defined as current and/or past physician diagnosed asthma, past wheezing, or nighttime cough or wheezing in the past 12 months) was assessed by parental report. The relationship between neighborhood traffic and asthma/asthma-like symptoms was assessed using logistic regression. The prevalence of asthma/asthma-like symptoms among study participants was 23%, and 15% had high neighborhood traffic. Children with significant neighborhood traffic had a higher odds of having asthma/asthma-like symptoms than children without neighborhood traffic [adjusted OR = 2.01 (95% CI: 1.12, 3.62)] after controlling for child’s race-ethnicity, age, sex, maternal education, family history of asthma, play equipment in the home environment, public parks, obesity and prescribed asthma medication. Further characterization of neighborhood traffic is needed since many children live near high traffic zones and significant racial/ethnic disparities exist.

scholarly journals Analysis of Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors Associated with Hospitalized Stroke Patients of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Hossain ◽  
NU Ahmed ◽  
M Rahman ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
G Sadhya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out to analyze prevalence of risk factors for stroke in hospitalized patient in a medical college hospital. 100 patients were chosen using purposive sampling technique. Highest incidence of stroke was between the 6th and 7th decade. Patients came from both urban (54%) and rural (46%) areas and most of them belong to the low-income group (47%). In occupational category; service holder (28%) and retired person (21%) were the highest groups. Most of the study subjects were literate (63%). CT scan study revealed that the incidence of ischaemic stroke was 61% and haemorrhagic stroke 39%. Analysis indicated hypertension as major risk factor for stroke (63%) and major portion of the patients (42.85%) were on irregular or no treatment. Twenty four percent of the patients had heart diseases and out of 24 patients 45.83% were suffering from ischaemic heart disease. The present study detected diabetes in 21% patients. Fifty three percent of the study subjects were smoker, 39% patients had habit of betelnut chewing. Out of 26 female patients, only 23% had history of using oral contraceptives. Majority of the patients were sedentary workers (46%). Thirty seven percent of the stroke patients were obese. Among the stroke patients 9% had previous history of stroke and 3% had TIA respectively. Most of the patients (21%) were awake while they suffered from stroke and the time of occurrence was mostly in the afternoon (46%). This study found that hypertension, cigarette smoking, ischaemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus are the major risk factors prevalent in our community while other risk factors demand further study. Key words: stroke; risk factors; hospitalized patients; Bangladesh. DOI: 10.3329/fmcj.v6i1.7405 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2011;6(1): 19-23

scholarly journals Diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of uterine synechiae managed by hysteroscopy in the gyanecological endoscopic surgery and human reproductive teaching hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Etienne Belinga ◽  
Isidore Tompeen ◽  
Claude Cyrille Noa Ndoua ◽  
Junie Metogo Ntsama ◽  
Sandrine Mendibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Past History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Preoperative Diagnostic ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
History Of

Background: Uterine synechiae refers to a total or partial union of the inner walls of the uterus resulting from endometrial trauma. It is a cause of reproductive failure. Until now, synechia was not optimally treated and has remained understudied in Cameroon. Objective of present study was to Evaluate the diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of uterine synechiae treated by hysteroscopy.Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical component from January 1st 2015 to July 31st 2017 at Yaounde. All patients diagnosed with uterine synechiae and treated with hysteroscopy were our sample. Sampling was consecutive. The chi-square test was used for the comparison of qualitative variables and Fisher's test for ANOVA variance analysis. The comparison of the averages was made by the Student's test. P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Hysteroscopies were indicated for uterine synechiae in 14.50%. Nulliparous were 56.67%. A history of curettage/aspiration was present in 66.66%. All of the patients had a form of infertility and 83.33% had menstrual disorders. Hysterosalpingography showed a better sensitivity (88%). After hysteroscopic treatment, 63.30% had a complete anatomical restitution. There is a significant correlation between the stage of severity of synechia and anatomical restitution (p=0.008; Spearman correlation coefficient=-0.477).Conclusions: Uterine synechiae represent one-sixth of all indications for hysteroscopy and present clinically as menstrual disorder associated with infertility. A past history of uterine curettage is common. Hysterosalpingography has a better preoperative diagnostic sensitivity. Hysteroscopy allows optimal treatment.

scholarly journals Prévalence De La Douleur Neuropathique Chez Des Patients Souffrant De Lomboradiculalgie Commune En Consultation Rhumatologique À Lomé (Togo)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Kodjo Kakpovi ◽  
Komi Cyrille Tagbor ◽  
Eyram Fianyo ◽  
Agbeko Komlan Doleagbenou ◽  
Kokou Mensah Guinhouya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Past History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Radicular Pain ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of

Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with neuropathic pain in patients with non-specific low back pain. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from May to July 2016 in the Rheumatology, Neurology and Neurosurgery departments of Lome. The DN4 questionnaire was used for the diagnosis of neuropathic pain in the 200 patients with low back pain included in this study. Results: Of the 200 patients (147 women and 53 men) included in the study, neuropathic pain was present in 92 (46%). The average age of the 92 patients (67 women vs 25 men, p = 0.04) was 55.5 ± 12.4 years (women 55.2 ± 12.8 vs. men 54.6 ± 11.4, p = 0.5). The characteristics of neuropathic pain mainly found were: burning sensation (n = 67, 72.8%); electrical discharges (n = 64, 69.6%); tingling (n = 90; 97.8%); tickling (n = 57; 62%); numbness (n = 89; 96.7%); hypoesthesia (n = 52; 56.5%). Factors significantly associated with the presence of neuropathic pain in LBP were age (p = 0.005), duration of LBP (p = 0.04), high blood pressure (p = 0.001), radicular pain (p = 0.00002) and the past history of the LBP (0.000000). Conclusion: Neuropathic pain is common in patients with LBP at Lome. The duration of LBP, past history of LBP, previous NSAID use, BMI, pain severity and radicular pain appear to be predictive of the occurrence of these neuropathic pains.

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