scholarly journals Notas Sobre a História da Educação Física no Triângulo Mineiro (Ituiutaba - 1934-1971) * Notes on the History of Physical Education in the “Triângulo Mineiro” (Ituiutaba – 1934-1971)

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
ANDRÉA AZEVEDO DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
SAULOÉBER TÁRSIO DE SOUZA
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Education History ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

<p><strong>Resumo: </strong>O trabalho tem como preocupação a implantação da disciplina de Educação Física nas escolas do município de Ituiutaba (Triângulo Mineiro), no período entre 1934 e 1971. A adoção de atividades físicas nos currículos escolares com o objetivo de disciplinar e higienizar a juventude e a infância local refletia o novo ideal pedagógico voltado ao domínio dos “instintos insubordinados”, buscando-se normatizar condutas e contribuindo para a nova organização social, surgida com a sociedade urbana e industrial, especialmente a partir da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Tal contexto provocou a necessidade de desenvolvimento de um alto grau de eficiência produtiva, onde a educação escolar seria fundamental para atingir tal propósito, além de contribuir para a difusão da idéia de que era necessário garantir uma “educação higiênica” no combate aos grandes surtos epidêmicos. A partir dessa perspectiva, buscamos apontar as especificidades das práticas de professores e alunos nas aulas de Educação Física nas escolas desse município mineiro.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> História da Educação – História da Educação Física – Triângulo Mineiro.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This article is concerned about the implementation of Physical Education in schools in the city Ituiutaba (<em>Triângulo Mineiro</em>) between 1934 and 1971. The adoption of physical activities in school curriculums aimed to <em>discipline</em> and <em>purify</em> the local youth and children reflected the new pedagogical ideal directed to the control of the "insubordinate instincts", seeking to regulate behaviors and contributing to the new social organization which appeared with the urban and industrial society, especially after the Second World War. Such a context brought about the need for development of a high degree of productive efficiency, where schooling would be essential to achieve such purpose, beyond the contribution to the transmission of the idea which was necessary to ensure a "pure education" in the fight against large epidemic outbreaks. From this perspective, we highlight the specific practices of teachers and students in Physical Education classes in the schools of this city.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> History of Education – History of Physical Education ­– Triângulo Mineiro.</p>

Bar-Dancing, Palm Wine, and Letters

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-154
Author(s):  
Danielle Porter Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Sense Of Control ◽  
World War ◽  
Palm Wine ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Will ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

Abstract This article focuses on the militarization of social life and leisure in Brazzaville during the Second World War and argues that efforts to instill a sense of control over the city could only suppress life so much, as many Congolese people were unwilling to completely succumb to the will of the administration in a war that seemed to offer very little to their communities or their city as a whole. Furthermore, drinking and dancing served as opportunities to engage with issues of class and race in the wartime capital of Afrique Française Libre. The history of alcohol consumption in Brazzaville is not simply the story of choosing whether or not to drink (or allow others to drink); rather, it is one of many stories of colonial control, exploitation, and racism that plagued Europe’s colonies in Africa during the Second World War.

scholarly journals From a history of war into a multicultural urban environment: A cultural impact assessment of the conservation of the Swedish-Russian Fortress of Lappeenranta, Finland

1970 ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Suvi Niinisalo
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Correctional Facility ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Impact ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

Finland, under Swedish rule at the time, started constructing the Lappeenranta Fortress in the 1720s for defence against an eastern threat. A small town had been founded on the site as early as 1649. In 1741, the Russians invaded the fortress in a fierce battle. Russians, led by Aleksandr Suvorov, started to improve the fortress in the late 18th century. The oldest buildings in the fortress date back to this time. When Finland was annexed into the Russian Empire as an autonomous grand duchy, the fortress was employed as a correctional facility for prisoners. After the Second World War, the fortress was left to deteriorate, but in the 1970s a 30-year conservation project was launched. This article explores the effects of this conservation work on the city of Lappeenranta as well as on its inhabitants.

Memory as Rite de Passage. Towards a Postmoralistic Historiography of the Second World War

Itinerario ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madelon de Keizer
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
World War ◽  
Japanese Occupation ◽  
East Indies ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

As a native of the Netherlands, I have been imbued with an awareness of the history of the Second World War in both Europe and the Pacific ever since I was a child, though I must admit that the Japanese occupation of the Dutch colony in the Dutch East Indies from 1942 to 1945 plays a less important part in my imagination than thefiveyears of German occupation of the Netherlands. My parents and brothers can directly recollect the latter dark period, and I see it vividly in my mind's eye, born (in 1948) and bred as I was in Rotterdam, the city whose centre was razed to the ground by the German air raid in May 1940. The effects of the bombs were still clearly visible during the years in which I was growing up there. Given this double Dutch memory – memory of the hostilities in Europe, and memory of South-East Asia – it hardly seems fortuitous that the Dutch scholar Ian Buruma chose the German and Japanese memory of the Second World War and of the War in the Pacific as the theme for his 1994 publication The Wages of Guilt.

scholarly journals Wojenne i powojenne dzieje banków, ich skarbców i dokumentacji – przykład Komunalnej Kasy Oszczędności powiatu poznańskiego

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 233-242
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Stryjkowski
Keyword(s):  
Banking System ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Savings Bank ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World ◽  
German Mark

Dokumentacja bankowa jest dzisiaj przedmiotem wielostronnego zainteresowania. Najbardziej istotne było zawsze jej znaczenie praktyczne (dla banku oraz jego klientów). Z biegiem czasu stała się ona także przedmiotem studiów historyków, przede wszystkim gospodarczych. Okazuje się jednak, że materiały wytworzone przez banki i ich administracje posiadać mogą również wartość do innych badań. Badacze zainteresowani końcowym okresem II wojny światowej i walkami o Poznań odnajdą w prezentowanym dokumencie wiele informacji, które rzucą nowe światło na sytuację w mieście oraz pozwolą wczuć się w klimat tamtych dni. Dokument ukazuje ponadto problemy związane z odbudową systemu bankowego oraz wprowadzaniem w stolicy Wielkopolski nowego środka płatniczego – złotego polskiego, który zastąpił obowiązującą dotychczas markę niemiecką. War and post-war history of banks, their vaults and records as exemplified by the Communal Savings Bank of the Poznań county At present, banking documentation is a subject of interest for many parties. The practical value of this documentation has always been of prime importance, both for the bank and for its clients. With time, it also became a subject of interest for historians, particularly those specialized in economy. It turns out, though, that materials created by banks and their administrative bodies can also be of value for other researchers. Researchers interested in the final period of the Second World War and battles for Poznań will find this document informative, as it not only sheds new light on the situation in the city, but will also enable them to feel the atmosphere of those days. The document also shows the problems related to reconstructing the banking system and introducing the new currency, the Polish złoty (which replaced the German mark used until that point), in the capital of Greater Poland.

scholarly journals Citystats and the History of Community and Segregation in Post-Second World War Urban Canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-22
Author(s):  
Jordan Stanger-Ross
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Residential Patterns ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

Abstract This article introduces an open access website—citystats.uvic.ca —designed to facilitate historical scholarship on ethnicity in post-Second World War Canada. Citystats offers access to two sociological measures of urban residential patterns, D and P*, applying the measures to the ethnic origins variables in the Canadian census for all urban areas since 1961. D, the index of dissimilarity, is the most common gauge of urban residential patterns, describing the extent to which ethnic groups are evenly (or unevenly) distributed across the city. P*, a measurement of the exposure of groups to one another, provides historians with a summary of the everyday surroundings of urban residents. The article explains the measures and highlights some puzzling patterns in the history of urban Canada, especially the segregation of Jewish Canadians and the relative integration of Aboriginal people. Just as scholars might be expected to know (at least approximately) the number of people comprising the group that they intend to study, they should also, I argue, be aware of their distribution across urban space and their exposure to other urbanites.

scholarly journals Dominikanie tarnobrzescy w czasach II wojny światowej w świetle kroniki zakonnej. Edycja krytyczna

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (26) ◽  
pp. 429-457
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Matyja
Keyword(s):  
Critical Edition ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
World War ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Needy

[The Dominicans in Tarnobrzeg during the Second World War in the light of a monastic chronicle. A critical edition] The aim of the article is to edit an unknown and unused source, i.e. the chronicle of the Tarnobrzeg monastery from 1939–1945. The edition was preceded by a short introduction to the history of the Dominican community in Tarnobrzeg. For the almost entire period of the occupation, Father Fabian Madura was the prior of the monastery in Tarnobrzeg, and in his activities – also for the benefit of the needy – he was characterized by great courage. He acted on many levels: among others he organized aid for the displaced persons from Wielkopolska, or a kitchen for the poorest. He was active in ministry: he founded a choir which performed numerous charity concerts. Other fathers and brothers who lived in the monastery helped him in all the activities. The source delivers a lot of information about the life of monks in Tarnobrzeg and the history of the city in the war period. The entries from September 1939, when the Nazis invaded the city, are particularly interesting, as well as from the turn of July and August 1944 – at that time Tarnobrzeg was „liberated” by the Soviet army. As a result of these activities, many buildings – including those belonging to the Dominicans – were seriously damaged, which is also mentioned in the presented source.

De ‘greep naar de macht’ van de oorlogsburgemeesters als voorhoede van de Nieuwe Orde in Vlaanderen

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-318
Author(s):  
Rik Verwaest
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Second World War ◽  
New Order ◽  
National Union ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Cultural Service ◽  
History Of ◽  
Municipal Police ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

De voorbije jaren groeide in het Vlaamse historische onderzoek naar de bezettingsgeschiedenis van de Tweede Wereldoorlog een sterke tendens om het belang van de figuur van de oorlogsburgemeester te herwaarderen. De klassieke VNV-oorlogsburgemeester was voor de bevolking immers één van de meest zichtbare en actieve elementen van de Nieuwe Orde en het bezettingsbestuur.Lier werd bestuurd door een katholieke meerderheid. De stad kende een bijzonder rijk cultureel leven en een lange Vlaams-nationalistische traditie. Na de Duitse bezetting zou zittend burgemeester Van Cauwenbergh verplicht worden af te treden ten voordele van provinciaal ambtenaar Alfred Van der Hallen, een VNV'er met een lange staat van dienst in zowel de culturele als de politieke activiteiten van de Lierse Vlaams-nationale zuil. Ook twee katholieke schepenen werden tot ontslag gedwongen, één op basis van de Duitse ouderdomsverordening en één na beschuldigingen van vakbondagitatie tegen de Nieuwe Orde. Zij werden vervangen door Nieuwe Ordegezinden.Door het verwerven van de meerderheid in het schepencollege kon ook de politiecommissaris en verschillende sleutelposities in het gemeentelijk ambtenarenapparaat ingevuld worden door Nieuwe Orde-aanhangers.Alfred Van der Hallen zou o.a. de stadsdiensten, de gemeentepolitie en het cultuurbeleid ingrijpend hervormen. De laatste twee van deze hervormingen kenden weinig succes: het Lierse politiekorps raakte intern sterk verdeeld door de aanstelling van enkele Nieuwe Ordegezinden en een deel ervan zou betrokken raken bij het gewapende verzet. De ambitieuze Cultuurdienst, waarbij ttonaangevende kunstenaars als Felix Timmermans bij betrokken werden, bloedde dood door persoonlijke animositeit en te verregaande politisering.Van der Hallen had als oorlogsburgemeester de verdienste een noodzakelijke modernisering en uitbreiding van de gemeentewerking te hebben doorgevoerd, maar op veel andere terreinen was zijn beleid een mislukking. Tegenwerking door de vooroorlogse ambtenarij en de SS-afdeling van Lier met haar radicale voorman Alfons Lanens, was één van de verklaringen. Het was echter vooral de ongebreidelde politisering van het ganse bestuursapparaat en de zeer expliciete politieke profilering van de oorlogsburgemeester als Nieuwe Ordegezinde die zorgde voor een te grote verdeeldheid om tot een performant beleid te komen.________The 'seizure of power' by the wartime burgomasters as the advance guard of the Nieuwe Orde (New Order) in FlandersOver the past years Flemish historical research into the history of the occupation during the Second World War developed a strong tendency to re-evaluate the importance of the person of the wartime burgomaster. The population considered the classical VNV (Flemish National Union) wartime burgomaster to be one of the most visible and active elements of the Nieuwe Orde and of the administration by the occupying forces.Lier was ruled by a Catholic majority. The city had a particularly rich cultural life and a long Flemish-Nationalist tradition. After the German occupation burgomaster in office Van Cauwenbergh was forced to resign to the benefit of the provincial civil servant Alfred Van der Hallen, a VNV member with a long record of service to cultural as well as political activities of the Flemish National Group in Lier. Two Catholic aldermen were also forced to resign, one on the basis of the German old-age regulation and one after allegations of trade union agitation against the Nieuwe Orde. They were replaced by Nieuwe Orde partisans.By acquiring a majority on the Bench of Aldermen the partisans of the Nieuwe Orde could also appoint the Chief of police and fill several key positions on the Bench of Aldermen.Alfred Van der Hallen was to carry out major reforms in the urban services, the municipal police and the cultural policy. The last two proved to be unsuccessful: the police force of Lier became much divided because of the appointment of a few Nieuwe Orde partisans and a part of the force was to become involved in armed resistance. The ambitious Cultural Service, involving leading artists such as Felix Timmermans fizzled out because of personal animosity and far-reaching politicisation. As wartime burgomaster Van der Hallen could take credit for a necessary modernisation and expansion of the operation of the municipality, but in many other areas his policy was a failure. One of the explanations for this fact was the opposition by the pre-war civil service and the SS-department of Lier with its radical leader Alfons Lanens. However, it was in particular the uncontrolled politicisation of the entire administrative machinery and the very explicit political characterisation of the wartime burgomaster as a Nieuwe Orde partisan that caused too much dissension to be able to achieve a successful policy.

scholarly journals Stan badań dziejów młyna papierniczego w Dusznikach-Zdroju

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 201-226
Author(s):  
Maciej Szymczyk
Keyword(s):  
Recent Decade ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

The article is devoted to the evolution of interest in the paper mill in Duszniki-Zdrój for over two centuries. The paper mill was established before 1562, when the Kłodzko region was part of the Kingdom of Bohemia. The mill played an important economic and cultural role for nearly three centuries. It stopped its operations during the great economic crisis and in 1939 was sold to the city of Duszniki. After the Second World War and incorporation of Silesia with the Kłodzko region into Poland, the mill was o fficially recognised as a historic building (listed in 1956) and in 1968 it was turned into the Museum of Papermaking. It 2011 the paper mill was granted the status of a Monument of History, which paved the way for it to be included in the UNESCO list.Interest in the history of the mill dates back to at least the second half of the eighteenth century. In 1789 a detailed history of the mill was published in Beyträge zur Beschreibung von Schlesien by F.A. Zimmermann and a lot of the information included in it at the time still remains relevant. During the following century interest in the history of the mill was shown by J. Kögler and W. Hohaus, and in the early twentieth century — by F. Hössle or B. Maiwald. After the Second World War the history of the mill was studied by many Polish historians, including K. Maleczyńska, M. Kutzner, M. Przyłecki, K. Sarnecki and W. Tomaszewska. The interest in the paper mill and its history has been boosted on an unprecedented scale over the recent decade, after eff orts were launched to have the mill entered in the UNESCO list. The paper mill has been studied by e.g. R. Eysymontt, A. Fortuna-Marek, G. Grajewski, A. Kozieł, R. Sachs, A. Szeląg, B. Szmygin, as well as J. Bałchan and M. Szymczyk, both of whom were associated with the museum. In 2018 the Museum of Papermaking published a Monograph of the Duszniki-Zdrój Paper Mill, which contains the latest fi ndings about the history of the paper mill and which will be used in the nomination for the mill to be included in the World Heritage List.

scholarly journals Images of Leningrad in Soviet porcelain art of the 1930s – early 1950s

2020 ◽  
pp. 236-254
Author(s):  
Ида Александровна Шик
Keyword(s):  
Image Representation ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
Porcelain Factory ◽  
World War ◽  
Applied Art ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

В статье автор ставит целью проследить эволюцию репрезентации образа Ленинграда в фарфоре 1930-х – начала 1950-х годов на материале произведений мастеров Государственного фарфорового завода им. М.В. Ломоносова из собрания Государственного Эрмитажа (отдел «Музей Императорского фарфорового завода»). В 1930-х – начале 1950-х годов виды Ленинграда привлекают внимание таких художников, как В.П. Фрезе, Т.Н. Безпалова-Михалева, М.А. Брянцева, И.И. Ризнич, Л.И. Лебединская, Е.П. Кубарская, А.Ф. Большаков, Г.Д. Зимин, А.И. Быстров. В фарфоре 1930-х годов складывается советская «иконография» Ленинграда, подчеркивающая его значение как «колыбели революции» и города с богатым культурно-историческим наследием. В произведениях военного периода, посвященных блокадному Ленинграду, находят отражение трагические события в жизни города, переданные с особенным драматизмом и высокой степенью достоверности. В то же время художники стремятся подчеркнуть величие города и мужество его защитников. Во второй половине 1940-х – начале 1950-х годов образ города-героя Ленинграда приобретает особую величественность и монументальность, характерную для стиля «Победа» в советском декоративно-прикладном искусстве. In the article, the researcher investigated the evolution of the Leningrad image representation in the art porcelain of the 1930s – the early 1950s. The author considered the pieces of porcelain artists of the State Porcelain Factory named after M. V. Lomonosov from the collection of the Museum of the Imperial Porcelain Factory of the State Hermitage. In the 1930s – the early 1950s such porcelain artists as Varvara Freze, Tamara Bezpalova-Mikhaleva, Maria Briantseva, Ivan Riznich, Larisa Lebedinskaia, Elena Kubarskaia, Andrey Bol’shakov, Grigory Zimin, Aleksandr Bystrov interpreted the image of Leningrad in their works. The researcher underlined that in the 1930s the artists created the Soviet “iconography”, emphasizing its importance as the “cradle of the revolution” and a city with a rich cultural and historical heritage. In the works of the war period, dedicated to besieged Leningrad, the artists reflected the tragic events in the life of the city with a special drama and a high degree of reliability. At the same time, the artists aimed to emphasize the greatness of the city and the courage of its defenders. In the second half of the 1940s – the early 1950s the image of the Hero-City of Leningrad acquired a special grandeur and monumentality in the works of the porcelain artists. These tendencies were generally typical for the “Victory style” (“Pobeda style”) dominating in the Soviet decorative and applied art after the Second World War.

Turning Aliens into Socialists

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-93
Author(s):  
Jessica Moberg
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Swedish History ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Highly Evolved

Immediately after the Second World War Sweden was struck by a wave of sightings of strange flying objects. In some cases these mass sightings resulted in panic, particularly after authorities failed to identify them. Decades later, these phenomena were interpreted by two members of the Swedish UFO movement, Erland Sandqvist and Gösta Rehn, as alien spaceships, or UFOs. Rehn argued that ‘[t]here is nothing so dramatic in the Swedish history of UFOs as this invasion of alien fly-things’ (Rehn 1969: 50). In this article the interpretation of such sightings proposed by these authors, namely that we are visited by extraterrestrials from outer space, is approached from the perspective of myth theory. According to this mythical theme, not only are we are not alone in the universe, but also the history of humankind has been shaped by encounters with more highly-evolved alien beings. In their modern day form, these kinds of ideas about aliens and UFOs originated in the United States. The reasoning of Sandqvist and Rehn exemplifies the localization process that took place as members of the Swedish UFO movement began to produce their own narratives about aliens and UFOs. The question I will address is: in what ways do these stories change in new contexts? Texts produced by the Swedish UFO movement are analyzed as a case study of this process.

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