scholarly journals Evaluation of S-100 immunostaining in the demonstration of nerve changes in tuberculoid and borderline tuberculoid leprosy - A descriptive, prospective and retrospective analytical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-351
Author(s):  
Sowmya S Manjunath ◽  
G V Manjunath ◽  
Vijaya Basavaraj
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Nerve Involvement ◽  
Tuberculoid Leprosy ◽  
S 100 ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Spss Software

S-100 immunohistochemical staining may detect nerve involvement in early stages of tuberculoid spectrum of leprosy. This study investigated the use of S-100 in early diagnosis of the tuberculoid and borderline tuberculoid leprosy and compared its sensitivity with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stains in discerning the nerve involvement. To study the different histopathological patterns of nerve involvement in tuberculoid and borderline tuberculoid leprosy on S-100 immunostaining and also to compare the sensitivity of HE stain with S-100 immunostain in discerning the nerve involvement in these cases. This was a descriptive, prospective and retrospective analytical study, which included patients with tuberculoid spectrum of leprosy. Histopathological examination (HPE) and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis were performed on all skin biopsies using HE stain and S-100 immunostain, respectively. Then the sensitivities of both the stains in discerning the nerve involvement were calculated and the data was analyzed using SPSS software version 22 by applying chi-square test. The study included a total of 58 patients [tuberculoid (n=28), borderline tuberculoid (n=30)]. The mean age was 43 yrs. The most common clinical manifestation was hypopigmented patches (n=40, 70%) with loss of sensation (n=39, 68.3%). HPE revealed 36 cases with well-defined granulomas, 22 cases with ill-defined granulomas and 41 cases with nerve destruction. IHC analysis showed four different patterns of nerve damage (fragmented, n=32; infiltrated and fragmented, n=14; infiltrated, n=10; intact, infiltrated and fragmented; n=1). The sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of HE staining in delineating the nerve involvement were 68.96% and 100%, respectively. Whereas, the sensitivity and PPV of S-100 IHC were 100% each. Less number of cases. Use of S-100 IHC along with HPE aids in early, accurate and confirmatory diagnosis.

Evaluation of the effects of Covid-19 in a dentist’s daily routine - A Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 591-601
Author(s):  
Akansha Kishen ◽  
Anjali A K ◽  
Brundha M P ◽  
Muralidharan N P
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
Routine Basis ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Spss Software

Covid 19 is considered to be a pandemic virus infection. SARS-Cov-2 causes it. It is a viral infection that is transmitted through aerosol and droplet contamination, cross-infection, etc. Dentists are at a higher risk due to this corona. It has affected daily routines of dentist's life as they are unavailable to run the clinic and attend to patients. Different search engines like PubMed, and Google Scholar was used. The questionnaire consisting of twenty questions was prepared by using online survey google forms and circulated among the participants. SPSS software was used to evaluate the results and data collection. Statistical analysis was done by chi-square test. Later, results were being tabulated. This survey that is taken among dental students, dentists, and random public, it is seen that the majority of them are well aware of this recent pandemic attack. (COVID-19). It is concluded that dentists are affected to a significant extent due to coronavirus as their daily routine is affected severely. This study aims to identify the effect on dentist life on a routine basis due to the pandemic COVID - 19.

scholarly journals Polypoidal lesions of the gastrointestinal tract

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1625-1629
Author(s):  
Palzum Sherpa ◽  
Abhimanyu Jha ◽  
Sudhamshu Koirala ◽  
Rojan Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Hyperplastic Polyp ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Conventional Adenoma

Background: With increasing usage of endoscopic procedures, gastrointestinal polypoidal lesions are commonly encountered specimens. Histopathological examination is crucial as biological behavior is dependent on its pathological nature. Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study performed in Pathology department, Om Hospital and Research Centre from January 2017 to June 2019. The study included lesions received as polyp or polypoidal lesions of gastrointestinal tract for histopathological examination. Data was analysed using SPSS version 17.0. Gender, number and site were analysed using Chi square test to evaluate its association with neoplastic nature. Correlation with age and size was tested with Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Among 150 cases of gastrointestinal tract polypoidal lesions, 58% were seen in male and 42% in female. Hyperplastic polyp and conventional adenoma were the commonest non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions respectively. The age of patients ranged from 7 to 84 years with a mean age of 50 years. Rectosigmoid region was the commonest site. 134 patients had single and 16 had multiple polypoidal lesions. Most polypoidal lesion had size <1 cm. Gender, age, number and size showed no correlation with neoplastic nature. A significant association was found with site with notably higher number of neoplastic lesions in large intestine. Conclusion: A spectrum of histological types of polypoidal lesions were found in Gastrointestinal tract, most frequently in colorectal region. Hyperplastic polyp and adenomatous polyp were the commonest non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions respectively. A notably higher number of polypoidal lesions in the large intestine were found to be neoplastic in nature.

scholarly journals Efficacy of 4% chlorhexidine in preventing neonatal umbilical cord infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 136-139
Author(s):  
Fouzia Ishaq ◽  
Anila Jamil ◽  
Muhammad Sajjad ◽  
Maria Iftikhar ◽  
Muhammad Adnan Zafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Random Method

Background: Umbilical cord stump is a budding point for bacterial colonization subsequently leading to sepsis that contributes to high neonatal morbidity and mortality, if not properly managed. Antiseptic care can significantly reduce omphalitis and ultimately improve newborn survival. Objective of this study was to see the efficacy of 4% chlorhexidine use to prevent umbilical cord infection in neonates.Subjects and methods: It was a comparative analytical study conducted in Neonatal unit, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital (SGRH) Lahore from July, 2016 till January, 2017. One hundred neonates were enrolled and randomized into two equal group by simple random method (50 each). In one group, nothing was applied to cord while in chlorhexidine group, 4% chlorhexidine gel was applied on umbilicus and around it, once daily for 7 days or till cord detached whichever came early. First application was done by a nurse followed by duly trained mother/caregiver. The signs of omphalitis (redness, pus or localized oedema) were observed and recorded for each neonate in both groups. Chi square test was used to see the difference in omphalitis in these groups with p˂ 0.05 considered as statistically significant result.Results: Out of 100 neonates, 29 (58%) and 23 (46%) males while 21 (42%) and 27 (54%) females neonates belonged to dry care and chlorhexidine group respectively. Nineteen (38%) neonates with dry cord had omphalitis compared to only 5 (10%) in chlorhexidine group (p 0.001). Neonates with chlorhexidine application showed prolonged mean cord separation time (7.9±1.5 days) compared to dry care (6.1±1.8 days). Conclusion: The use of 4% Chlorhexidine was effective to lower omphalitis compared to neonates with dry cord care.

scholarly journals Perceived Level of Burden of Care and Its Association with Socio-Demographic Profile of Patients with Schizophrenia and Their Caregivers

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Shubhangi S. Dere ◽  
Dr. Bindoo S. Jadhav ◽  
Dr. Dipak C. Patil ◽  
Dr. Hemangi S. Dhavale
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Demographic Profile ◽  
Perceived Burden ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Spss Software

Background: Schizophrenia is a clinical syndrome of variable, but profoundly disruptive, psychopathology that involves cognition, emotion, perception and behaviour. Caregiver burden refers to negative response that occurs when the caregiver assumes an unpaid and unanticipated responsibility for the person with disabling mental health problems. The burden varies with socio-demographic parameters of patients and caregivers. Aims & Objectives: To study socio demographic details of schizophrenia patients and caregivers. To assess perceived level of burden in caregivers and it’s association with socio demographic profile of patients and caregivers. Materials & Methods: Ethics committee approval and informed consent was taken. 100 consecutive patients with their primary caregiver, presenting to psychiatry OPD of general hospital, satisfying inclusion criteria, were included in the study. Socio-demographic details of caregiver were collected using semi-structured proforma. Caregiver’s perceived burden was assessed with Burden Assessment Schedule. Data thus obtained, was pooled & analyzed by using SPSS software, descriptive statistics, mean, percentage, Chi- Square test. Results: The sample consisted of 52 female & 48 male patients. Prevalence of burden in caregivers was found to be 52%. The perceived burden was found to be high in caregivers of female patients, patients of older age, less educated, single, and unemployed patients. Majority of caregivers were female and of older age. The burden perceived was found to be significantly high in female caregivers, especially mother.

scholarly journals Hubungan Antara Preeklampsia dengan Kejadian Berat Badan Lahir Rendah di RSUD Dr. Soedarso Pontianak Tahun 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
Lina Astuty
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Hydatidiform Mole ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Chi Square Test

Research: Pre-eclampsia is a disease with signs of hypertension, edema, and proteinuria arising from pregnancy. This disease generally occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy, but can occur earlier, for example in hydatidiform mole (Wiknjosastro, 2005: 282). Preeclampsia and Eclampsia are one of the main causes of maternal mortality in Indonesia. The incidence of preeclampsia ranges from 5-15% of all pregnancies in the world. Based on the 2003 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS), the incidence of preeclampsia in Indonesia is estimated at 3.4–8.5%. The research method used analytical observational method through a case control approach, which is an analytical study concerning how risk factors are studied using a retrospective approach. In other words, the effect is identified now, then the risk factor is identified as having existed or occurred in the past. Research Results The results of the significance test using the Chi-Square test showed a significant relationship to the occurrence of low birth weight (LBW) in mothers with preeclampsia. This is indicated by the value of p = 0.000 which is smaller than α = 0.05, so Ho is rejected. While the results of the calculation of the Odds Ratio show that preeclampsia is one of the causes of LBW, this is indicated by the OR value of 3.028. Conclusion: There is a relationship between preeclampsia and low birth weight in dr. Soedarso Pontianak in 2018 with a probability value (ρ) = 0.000.

scholarly journals Predictors of Tuberculosis in HIV Patients in the Clinic Voluntary Counseling and Testing in Medan City

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahayu Lubis ◽  
Jemadi Jemadi ◽  
Surya Utama ◽  
Rasmaliah Rasmaliah
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Voluntary Counseling ◽  
Voluntary Counseling And Testing ◽  
Counseling And Testing ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Bmi ◽  
Spss Software

Abstract Background: The incidence of tuberculosis in HIV patients (TB-HIV) w as estimated at 126 per 100,000 in the world. The number of HIV infected patients in Indonesia around 190,000 to 400,00 0 and the prevalence of TB-HIV is 5%. Data TB-HIV still increase s and they are un aware of that until a late stage. Understanding the risk factors of people with TB-HIV co-infection is important to know. This study aims to know the predictors of TB-HIV patients in the clinic voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) in Medan city. Methods: This is a case-control study. The case is TB-HIV patients (aged > 20 years) seen at clinic VCT Medan in 2016. Control is HIV patients without TB (aged > 20 years) seen in the same clinic VCT. The number of cases was 120 and the number of control 120. Data were collected from the medical record. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test in SPSS software. Results: The t otal was 240 patients. The majority were in the age group 31-40 years old (52.9%), male (75.8%), married (71.7%), had tertiary education (85.4%), had employment (89.2%) . Significant factors were CD4 < 500 cells/ml (OR 3.92; 95% CI 2.13-7.22), BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 (OR 5.79; 95% CI 3.25-10.21), had history of TB family (OR 7.9; 95% CI 3.67-18.18), adherence ARV (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.02-1.79). Conclusions: The predictors of incidence TB-HIV co-infection was low CD4, low BMI, and had a family history of TB. Pay the attention for the nutritional status of TB-HIV patients and provide appropriate nutritional intake needs and adherence ARV.

scholarly journals Role of S-100 Immunostain as An Auxiliary Diagnostic Aid in Leprosy

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (205) ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Dhakhwa ◽  
Sneh Acharya ◽  
Sailesh Pradhan ◽  
Sanju Babu Shrestha ◽  
Tomoo Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Erythema Nodosum ◽  
Lupus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Histopathologic Diagnosis ◽  
S 100 ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin Stain

Introduction: Histopathologic diagnosis of leprosy is difficult when Bacillary Index (BI) is zero and neural involvement are not easily identifiable on routine Hematoxylin and Eosin stain. This study was undertaken to study the role of S-100 immunostaining in demonstrating different patterns of nerve involvement in various types of leprosy. Methods: Thirty one skin biopsies with clinico-histopathologic diagnoses of leprosy over a period of two years were included in the study. Ten cases of non-lepromatous granulomatous dermatoses (including eight cases of lupus vulgaris and two cases of erythema nodosum) were used as controls. Tissue sections from all cases and controls were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain, Fite stain and S-100 immunostain. The H&E stained slides were used to study the histopathological features, Fite stained slides for Bacillary Index and S-100 for nerve changes. Results: Neural changes could be demonstrated in the entire spectrum of leprosy using S-100 immunostaining. The most common pattern of nerve destruction in the tuberculoid spectrum was fragmented and infiltrated whereas lepromatous spectrum showed mostly fragmented nerve twigs. Intact nerves were not detected in any of the leprosy cases. Conclusions:  S-100 immunostain is a useful auxiliary aid to the routine  H&E stain in the diagnosis of leprosy especially tuberculoid spectrum and intermediate leprosy.  Keywords: bacillary index; leprosy; S-100 immunostain.

scholarly journals Acute pancreatitis and low ascites-serum albumin gradient ascites caused by Brucellosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 470-474
Author(s):  
Mesut Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Pancreatic Leakage ◽  
Brucella Infection ◽  
The World ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Spss Software

Objective: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease seen widely around the world. Although many aspects and treatment of this disease is well known, peritoneal involvement and ascites is not well established so far. Material and Methods: This study retrospectively enrolled 346 adult patients (aged >17 years) with acute Brucellosis attending Hepatology Clinic, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, between April 2013 and May 2016. Characteristics of those with and without ascites were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients and Chi-Square test in SPSS software system. Results: Of the 346 cases, 20 (5, 7%) had ascites. Those with ascites had significantly higher transaminase, cholestatic enzyme and amylase levels compared to those without ascites. Conclusions: We conclude that acute Brucella infection can lead to a unique low gradient ascites probably resulting from pancreatic leakage followed by peritoneal accumulation of serum proteins.

scholarly journals N-Acetyl Cysteine Ameliorates Hepatotoxicity Associated with the Use of Methotrexate in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1008-1010
Author(s):  
Aamna Khokhar ◽  
Iram Kehkashan Khurshid ◽  
Sadia Lodhi ◽  
Alia Sarfaraz ◽  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Trial Methodology ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Respective Treatment ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Post Hoc

Background: Liver is not only involved in maintaining homeostasis but also exhibits significant role in metabolism and detoxification of various drugs and toxins. Aim: To explore the hepato-protective role of N-acetylcysteine against methotrexate induced hepato-toxicity. Study design: Randomized controlled trial. Methodology: This study having mice (n=18) was carried out after ethical review committee’s (ERC) approval at Foundation university medical college in collaboration of National institute of health, Islamabad in 2017. Single intraperitoneal injection (20mg/kg) of methotrexate induced hepato-toxicity. Hepatoprotective effect was assessed by oral administration N-acetylcysteine (50mg/kg) alone with methotrexate. The extent of liver damage and effect of protective agents were determined by measuring serum ALT, AST, ALP after 24 hours of respective treatment. Liver samples were taken for histological analysis. One way ANOVA followed by Post Hoc Tukey test was applied for multiple comparisons of biochemical markers between the groups. Histopathological findings were analyzed by Chi Square test. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Significant (p < 0.05) hepatotoxicity was seen with substantial elevation in serum ALT, AST and ALP with methotrexate. N-acetylcysteine attenuated the methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity significantly (p < 0.05). The histopathological examination showed mild steatosis along with focal pleomorphism in the liver of mice that received methotrexate in comparison to group treated with N-acetylcysteine and methotrexate though minimal inflammation was seen. Conclusion: We concluded that N-acetylcysteine ameliorates the methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity on when used concomitantly. Keywords: Hepatotoxicity, N-acetylcysteine and Methotrexate

scholarly journals Hubungan antara Jenis Kelamin dan Kejadian Kematian Mendadak di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D Kandou Manado

e-CliniC ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerrit J. Pangemanan ◽  
Djemi Tomuka ◽  
Nola T.S. Mallo
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: Sudden death could occur in anyone regardless of gender either male or female. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between gender and the incidence of sudden death at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. This was a descriptive analytical study with across sectional design using total sampling method. The results showed 345 cases of sudden deaths consisted of 209 males and 136 females. The age ranges were 0-1 years (7 cases), 1-18 years (7 cases), 18-40 years (38 cases), 40-60 years (138 cases), and >60 years (155 cases). Coronary heart disease was the leading cause of sudden deaths (40 cases). Data analyzed by using Chi-square test showed a P value of 0.838. Conclusion: There was no relationship between gender and the incidence of sudden death. Sudden deaths were most common among males, age >60 years, with coronary heart disease as the most common cause of sudden death.Keywords: gender, sudden death Abstrak: Kematian mendadak dapat terjadi pada siapa saja, tidak memandang jenis kelamin baik laki-laki maupun perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara jenis kelamin dan kejadian kematian mendadak di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif analitik dengan desain potong lintang menggunakan metode total sampling. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 345 kasus kematian mendadak terdiri dari 209 laki-laki dan 136 perempuan. Rentang usia 0-1 tahun berjumlah 7 kasus, usia 1-18 tahun berjumlah 7 kasus, usia 18-40 tahun berjumlah 38 kasus, usia 40-60 tahun berjumlah 138 kasus, dan usia >60 tahun berjumlah 155 kasus. Penyakit jantung koroner merupakan penyebab kematian mendadak terbanyak dengan jumlah 40 kasus. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-kuadrat mendapatkan P=0,838. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan kejadian kematian mendadak. Sebagian besar kematian mendadak ditemukan pada laki-laki, kelompok usia >60 tahun, dengan penyebab penyakit jantung koroner.Kata kunci: jenis kelamin, kematian mendadak

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