scholarly journals A study of meibomian gland and tear film changes in patients with pterygium in a tertiary care centre

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-340
Author(s):  
Piyali Sarkar ◽  
Shilpi Sharma ◽  
Partha Pratim Pal ◽  
Pinaki Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Expression Score

To find out the correlation of Meibomian gland and Tear film dysfunction with pterygium. Institution based prospective cross sectional study. 70 (seventy) patients with unilateral primary progressive nasal Pterygium and 70 healthy adults without any ocular pathology were selected as comparison group from the Ophthalmology outpatient department of Calcutta National Medical College and hospital, Kolkata for a duration of 6 months from January 2020 to June 2020. Meibomian gland dysfunction was measured by meibomian gland expression score and lid margin abnormality score. Tear film changes were measured by Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) Score , Tear break up time (TBUT), Tear meniscus height(TMH), Schirmer’s test 1 (ST1) and Corneal flourescein staining in both pterygium and control group and comparisons were done to find out the significance in differences. The Categorical variables were analyzed with the help of Pearson Chi square test, Spearman rho Correlation, Man Whitney U Test and the continuous variables were analyzed with the help of Independent T test and Pearson Correlation coefficient. The level of significance was considered as 95% of confidence interval i.e. P value <0.05. OSDI score, TBUT, meibomian gland expression score, lid margin abnormality score and corneal fluoresce in staining were significantly higher in pterygium group than others (p<0.05) whereas TMH values although showed differences between the two groups but were not statistically significant. ST1 were normal in pterygium group though had significant difference with control. Meibomian gland function was altered in patient with Pterygium which is also associated with uncomfortable ocular symptoms due to tear film abnormalities.

617 Who Benefits the Most from Burn Camps?

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S162-S163
Author(s):  
Jennifer B Radics-Johnson ◽  
Daniel W Chacon ◽  
Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Return Home ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Burn camps provide a unique environment and activities for children that have experienced a burn-injury. Positive outcomes from attending burn camp include increased self-esteem, decreased feelings of isolation and a greater sense of self-confidence. In a 3-year retrospective review of camper evaluations from one of the largest and longest running week-long burn camps in the nation for ages 5–17, we aimed to assess if a child’s gender, age, TBSA or ethnicity affected the impact that burn camp had on a child. Methods A 3-year retrospective review of a Burn Camp’s camper evaluation forms was conducted for campers that attended burn camp between 2017–2019. Camp rosters were reviewed to determine the camper gender, age, TBSA and ethnicity. Camper self-evaluation forms completed at the end of each camp session were reviewed to record camper responses to questions regarding their opinions on the impact camp had on them as well as how camp will impact their lives once they return home. Categorical variables were summarized as frequency and percentage, and continuous variables were described as median and range. To check the relationship between two categorical variables, Chi-square test was used. To compare the continuous variable among groups, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA was used. Statistical significance was declared based on a p value< 0.5. Results Within 2017–2019, there were 413 camper records. Participants’ demographic characteristics are summarized in Table 1. There were 208 males (50.3%) and 205 females (49.6%). The median age of campers were 11.86, 12.44 and 12.45 for 2017–2019, with the range from 5.16 years to 17.96 years. The median TBSA were 20, 20 and 18 for 2017–2019, with the range from 0.08 to 90. Collectively there were 47.7% Hispanic (n= 197); 24.2% Whites (n=100); 13.1% Black (n= 54); 4.6% Asian (n=19) and 7.7% Other (n=32). There were 395 camper self-evaluation forms submitted. Results of three questions there we were interested in are summarized collectively in Table 2. 57% of campers responded, “Yes, Definitely” to the question “After going to this event, will you feel more comfortable being around your classmates or friends?” 54% responded, “ Yes, Definitely” to the question “Do you feel more confidents in sharing your burn story with others when returning home?” and 51% responded “Yes, Definitely” to “Did you learn anything that will help you when you return home?” Conclusions In analyzing the camper responses, there was no statistically significant difference in responses comparing gender, age, TBSA or ethnicity.

Important Role of B2-Glycoprotien in Females with Recurrence Abortion

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abbas Hasan ◽  
Radhia Hussain Fadel ◽  
Saeed Hilal Khudhair ◽  
Doaa Hashim Jawad
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Recurrent Abortion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medical City ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range

Recurrent abortion consider as one of the most common problem in world. There are different causes associated with recurrent abortion, these may be occur due to complication of microorganism infection or associated with immunological disturbance like abortion caused by Anti-phospholipid syndrome, or associated with SLE. The anti-b2glucoprotien antibodies have a role in abortion. In this study, we wish to determine whether there is a relationship between the levels of these anti-b2glucoprotien antibodies and abortion. Thirty females patients with spontaneous abortion (10 of them with Antiphospholipid syndrome,10 of them with systemic lupus erthymatosus and final 10 with toxoplasmosis with ages ranged between (20-46) where taken from (Al-Hussein Medical City/Kerbala). Control group consisted of 20 healthy people who were free from history of abortion who matched in age and gender with patients. B2gp(IgMandIgG) EASIA Kit, generic assay) and was studied using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. T-test and ANOVA and Pearson correlation used to analyze results by using SPSS version 24. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. The patients with age range blow 30 years show high percent(63.3%) among the other groups .most of the patients have high percent of 3 times abortion were reported in all different groups .The mean value of anti-B2gP-I IgG (45.354) show highly a significant difference results in aborted patients with APS and significant difference in patients with SLE when compared with controls groups. the Anti-B2gPI IgM not give statistically significant difference when camper to health cases. we conclude that the Anti-B2GPI IgG levels were increased significantly in aborted females with APS and SLE .

scholarly journals Assessment of tear secretion and tear film instability in cases with pterygium and normal subjects

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayani Roka ◽  
SP Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tear Secretion ◽  
Schirmer’S Test ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Dry eye is a common disorder affecting a significant percentage of the population. Materials and methods: This study is a prospective, hospital-based, case-controlled study conducted between January 2009 and May 2010. Seventy-six pterygium cases and 152 age-and- sex matched controls presenting to the OPD of Manipal Teaching Hospital were included. The TBUT Schirmer’s test and basal tear secretion were estimated in all patients. A TBUT of less than 10 seconds and a Schirmer’s test of less than 10 mm were considered abnormal. Results: Pterygium was bilateral in 15 (19.7 % ) and unilateral in 61 (80.3 %) patients. Ninety-two (92.1 %) pterygium patients reported either one or more of the six dry eye symptoms. Redness was the most common (67 %) symptom reported. The mean Schirmer’s test I, mean basal secretion and mean TBUT values were 16.19 mm, 10.01 mm and 10.56 seconds in pterygium cases and 20.22 mm,13.25 mm and 26.25 seconds in the control group respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the dry eye results between the pterygium cases and the control group (p value < 0.05). The odds ratio between pterygium and dry eye was 3.28. Dry eye was present in 26 % of the normal patients and in 54 % of the pterygium cases. Conclusion: There is a strong relationship between dry eye and pterygium. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2013; 5(9):16-23 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i1.7816

scholarly journals Outcomes following operative vs. non-operative management of blunt traumatic pancreatic injuries: a retrospective multi-institutional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poppy Addison ◽  
Toni Iurcotta ◽  
Leo I. Amodu ◽  
Geoffrey Crandall ◽  
Meredith Akerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Operative Management ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Pancreatic Injuries ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Traumatic pancreatic injuries are rare, and guidelines specifying management are controversial and difficult to apply in the acute clinical setting. Due to sparse data on these injuries, we carried out a retrospective review to determine outcomes following surgical or non-surgical management of traumatic pancreatic injuries. We hypothesize a higher morbidity and mortality rate in patients treated surgically when compared to patients treated non-surgically. Methods We performed a retrospective review of data from four trauma centers in New York from 1990–2014, comparing patients who had blunt traumatic pancreatic injuries who were managed operatively to those managed non-operatively. We compared continuous variables using the Mann-Whitney U test and categorical variables using the chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Univariate analysis was performed to determine the possible confounding factors associated with mortality in both treatment groups. Results Twenty nine patients were managed operatively and 32 non-operatively. There was a significant difference between the operative and non-operative groups in median age (37.0 vs. 16.2 years, P = 0.016), grade of pancreatic injury (grade I; 30.8 vs. 85.2%, P value for all comparisons &lt;0.0001), median injury severity score (ISS) (16.0 vs. 4.0, P = 0.002), blood transfusion (55.2 vs. 15.6%, P = 0.0012), other abdominal injuries (79.3 vs. 38.7%, P = 0.0014), pelvic fractures (17.2 vs. 0.00%, P = 0.020), intensive care unit (ICU) admission (86.2 vs. 50.0%, P = 0.003), median length of stay (LOS) (16.0 vs. 4.0 days, P &lt;0.0001), and mortality (27.6 vs. 3.1%, P = 0.010). Conclusions Patients with traumatic pancreatic injuries treated operatively were more severely injured and suffered greater complications than those treated non-operatively. The greater morbidity and mortality associated with these patients warrants further study to determine optimal triage strategies and which subset of patients is likely to benefit from surgery.

scholarly journals Comparison of Visuospatial Skill Development Between Preclinical and Clinical Undergraduate Students Using Dentinal Pin Placement Exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (03) ◽  
pp. 147-151
Author(s):  
Alia Ahmed ◽  
◽  
Usman Anwer Bhatti
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Psychomotor Skills ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Second Year

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare visuospatial and psychomotor skills of second year pre-clinical dental students with final year dental students using an exercise in dentinal pin placement. METHODOLOGY:A total of 120 BDS undergraduate students who had completed second or final year Operative dentistry rotation were included. While students from second and final year who had not consented to participate or had missed the practical demonstration or whose dentinal pins were misplaced after becoming loose from the tooth were excluded. Participating students placed the dentinal pins, following which Adobe Photoshop (version CC 2014) was used to analyze the photographs of the taken radiographs in two dimensions. Parameters assessed were pulpal perforations, periodontal perforations and pin angulation. Independent sample t-test was used to compare continuous variables while chi-square test was used for testing association for categorical variables. RESULTS: Final year students fared better in all categories of pin placement except periodontal perforation which was the same for both years. Statistically significant difference in the angulation for pin placement were observed between the two student groups in mesiodistal direction (p value =0.001) and in buccolingual direction (p value <.001). CONCLUSION: There is a significant difference in the psychomotor and visuospatial skill of second year pre-clinical when compared with the final year clinical undergraduate students. KEYWORDS: curriculum, dental, learning, operative, students.

scholarly journals MOST EFFECTIVE TACTIC TO RESOLVE PROBLEMATIC INFECTION CONTROL PRACTICES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: PERIODIC IN-SERVICE TRAINING SESSIONS.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Rituja Kaushal
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Training Session ◽  
P Value ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background: Lack of Health Education Training Programs for in-service candidates in most of the health institutions of country is imposing a biggest hindrance in achieving the dream of skilled India. This all hits the institutions’ bottom line and there is no enhancement in skill development, experience and practical knowledge of the workers. In certain hospitals because of operational difficulties like high turnover of staff and insufficient time for training and monitoring their effectiveness, good service practices suffers. Methodology: This analytical cohort study was undertaken and was followed up, to assess the impact of specified training sessions, on the knowledge about skills of Infection Prevention over a group of nursing staffs of a tertiary care institution of Bhopal city in 2016. Total 30 nursing participants were evaluated statistically for assessing significant difference in their qualitative knowledge improvement level before and after the infection control training session. Results: Pretest & Posttest means & variances were calculated & Pearson Correlation between pre & posttest findings was also estimated. Here (t29 = -6.59, p value ≤ 1.59533*10-7) inference of the study is highly significant. Conclusion: It has been concluded that in order to get desired results in terms of infection control practices, intermittent and relevant training sessions are required.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of Varying Durations of Computer Usage on Dry Eye Parameters in Employees of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Uttar Pradesh, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar Jain ◽  
Dadan JI Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Computer Usage ◽  
P Value ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) is a common disorder of the tear film having multifactorial aetiology. Now-a-days, a large portion of population is affected with Dry Eye Disease (DED) because of substantial increase in usage of computers and digital devices. Aim: To evaluate the effect of varying durations of computer usage on parameters of DED. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, total 120 participants were divided into two groups. Group I (n=58) included participants who used computer daily for less than six hours while group II (n=62) included those who used computer for more than six hours daily. Routine eye examination was done and dry eye parameters i.e., Ocular Surface Diseases Index (OSDI), Schirmer Test (ST) and Tear Film Break Up Time (TFBUT) were performed and analysed for any significant difference between groups I and II using unpaired t-test. SPSS 16.0 was used and p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Pearson’s correlation test was performed to analyse correlation of OSDI score with TFBUT and ST values. Results: Mean OSDI scores in group I and group II were 37.39±8.98 and 49.54±11.7 (p<0.001), respectively; while TFBUT values were 10.19±2.27 seconds and 8.12±2.9 seconds (p<0.001), respectively. ST values were 12.82±3.32 mm in group I and 10.80±3.86 mm in group II (p=0.0027). Significant inverse correlation between OSDI score and TFBUT values was found in both group I (r=-0.557, p<0.001) and group II (r=-0.439, p<0.001). Similarly, correlation of OSDI score with ST values in group I (r=-0.787, p<0.001) and group II (r=-0.320, p=0.011) was also inversely significant. On the basis of OSDI score, 38 (65.5%) participants in group I and 54 (87.08%) participants in group II had severe dry eye. According to TFBUT values 12 (20.68%) participants in group I and 29 (46.77%) participants in group II and as per ST values 17 (29.31%) participants in group I and 30 (48.38%) participants in group II had severe dry eye. Conclusion: Usage of computer or digital displays more than six hours per day is a potential cause for the development of severe DED.

scholarly journals Astigmatism Correction in Cataract Surgery with Foldable Toric IOL

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Mrunal Suresh Patil ◽  
Dhiraj Namdeo Balwir ◽  
Sonal Dua ◽  
Swapnil Shivaji Vidhate
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Toric Iol ◽  
Iol Implantation ◽  
Astigmatism Correction ◽  
Significant Difference

<p><strong>Aim:</strong> To evaluate correction of pre-existing astigmatism after foldable Toric IOL implantation in patients undergoing cataract surgery.</p><p><strong>Materal &amp; Methods:</strong> In this prospective observational study we included 10 eyes of 10 patients with astigmatism between 2.00D to 6.00D &amp;undergoing cataract surgery. Phacoemulsification was performed with Toric IOL implantation through 2.8mm clear corneal temporal incision. Patients were examined post operatively for Uncorrected Visual Acuity (UCVA), Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) &amp; residual refractive astigmatism.</p><p><strong>Statistical Analysis:</strong> Statistical analysis was performed by the SPSS program for Windows, ver.16.0.Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± SD, and categorical variables are presented as absolute numbers and percentage. For the statistical test, a p value less than 0.05 was taken to indicate a significant difference.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The UCVA was 6/9 or better in 90% of eyes. 80% eyes achieved 6/6 BCVA. The mean refractive cylinder corrected from -3.4 ± 1.4 D to -0.60 ± 0.27 D which was statistically significant. (p value=0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Toric IOL implantation is an effective, safe surgical option to manage pre-existing corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery.</p>

scholarly journals Lymphocyte-Neutrophil Ratio in the Diagnosis of Tubercular Pleural Effusion in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1517-1521
Author(s):  
Rajneesh Jha ◽  
Ram Kumar Mehata ◽  
Puru Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a common infection in our community. Tubercular pleural effusion is the second most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Among the several causes of exudative pleural effusison tubercular remains the most common form in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of lymphocyte-neutrophil ratio(LN ratio) in cases of exudative effusion for diagnosis of tubercular effusion. Methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional studydone in Patients at tertiary care hospital from 1st September 2020 to 1st april 2021after taking ethical clearance from institutional reviw committee. Convienience samplingwas done. Statistical Analysis of data like percentages and frequencies  were used for categorical variables. Mean and SD (standard deviation) were used for describing continuous variables. Inferential statistical tools like Chi-Square test and Student’s t-test were used. P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: out of 200 cases 75% were tubercular pleural effusion and these cases were found have high levels of LN ratio (0.89 ± 0.11 for females and 0.97 ± 0.14 for males) and ADA (137.79 ± 44.61for females and 147.61 ± 51.64 for males) and more than 90% sensitivity and specificity of LN ratio and ADA level. Conclusion: Exudative pleural fluid L/N ratio >0.75 is an efficient means of diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusion and its combination with ADA level gives us more accuracy and surety about the diagnosis of tubercular pleural effusion.

scholarly journals The Ablation of Thyroid Nodule’s Afferent Arteries Before Radiofrequency Ablation: Preliminary Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Offi ◽  
Sara Garberoglio ◽  
Giovanni Antonelli ◽  
Maria Grazia Esposito ◽  
Umberto Brancaccio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiofrequency Ablation ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Advanced Technique ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Artery First ◽  
Group B

Induced radiofrequency thermal ablation is the cytoreductive treatment of symptomatic benign thyroid nodules, metastatic and recurrent thyroid tumors and papillary thyroid microcarcinomas. It is a safe and effective alternative to surgery and it allows to obtain satisfactory results in terms of volumetric reduction of the nodule with significant improvement in the quality of life. The trans-isthmic approach and the moving shot technique are the two basic techniques; however, an advanced technique, artery-first feeding radiofrequency ablation, has been developed and validated. We have prospectively included 29 consecutive patients who have undergone radiofrequency ablation (Group A) or artery- first vRFA (Group B). All included patients had a diagnosis of benign nodular goiter and they underwent a single session of radiofrequency ablation. All patients followed a follow-up program at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. Continuous variables (age, TSH value, basal volume of nodule, used Joule, time in second of the procedure, nodules’ volume at 1-, 3-, and 6- months of follow-up and percentage of volume reduction at 1-, 3-, and 6- months of follow-up) were described as mean, standard deviation and range, while categorical variables (gender, nodule structure and nodule vascularization) were described as number of cases and percentage. Independent samples t-test were performed to compare the continuous variables. A Test of Proportions was applied to the categorical variables. The Fisher’s exact test was used to analyze the gender. Statistical significance was considered in case of p-value &lt;0.05. Solid structure and spongiform structure showed statistic differences with p-values of 0.022 and 0.023 respectively between two groups. The percentage of reduction at 1 month did not show a significant difference between two groups; instead, the percentage of volume reduction was decreased mostly in the Group B at 3 months and 6 months of follow-up with a p-value of 0.003 and 0.013, respectively. The Joules/energy used showed a statistically significant difference (p-value=0.05), more energy must be used in vascular radiofrequency ablation. These data allow us to hypothesize that vRFA may improve the effectiveness of the procedure, allowing for a reduction in volume more quickly. They were preliminary but promising results, clearly a larger series of cases and prolonged follow-up are needed to clarify and confirm our observations.

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