scholarly journals Investigation of Nanohydrophobic Sand as an Insulating Layer for Cultivation of Plants in Soils Contaminated with Heavy Metals

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Myrzabaeva ◽  
Z. Insepov ◽  
K. Boguspaev ◽  
D. Faleev ◽  
M. Nazhipkyzy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Hydrophobic Effect ◽  
Beach Sand ◽  
Hydrophobic Properties ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Insulating Layer ◽  
Pure Silica ◽  
Amaranthus Paniculatus ◽  
First Time

The paper presents the results of laboratory experiments to test hydrophobic sand, on the basis of soot as an insulating for growing plants-hyperaccumulators heavy metals ? amaranth (Amaranthus paniculatus) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) plants. For the first time in agriculture hydrophobic sand was used for the irrigation of water-saving experiments for growing palms in arid areas of the UAE. The hydrophobic sand was obtained from normal beach sand, which is covered by small particles of pure silica, pretreated pairs trimethylhydroxysilane, (CH3)3SiOH. After this treatment, the outer shell grains saturated groups of compounds insoluble in water, sand and exposes hydrophobic properties. Thus obtained nanohydrophobic sand is considered to be physiologically safe for plants and supplied by the manufacturer with 30-year warranty of the hydrophobic effect. In our experiments we used the conventional washed river sand, as adhesive bases used polyurethane glue SD-600 is dissolved in ethyl acetate. The sand thus obtained is added 1% superhydrophobic soot. The sand is obtained by using carbon black becomes hydrophobic properties, does not transmit moisture, it has virtually no adverse effect on plant growth. To test hydrophobic sand used plastic pots (volume 1 l). The lower layer of the moistened soil-ground containing various concentrations of heavy metals (TM), the next separation layer ? nanohydrophobic sand, and the top layer ? a layer of fertile soil enriched vermicompost for growing plants. When watering plants nanohydrophobic sand layer retains water and prevents migration of TM (Zn, Cd, Cu) of the lower contaminated layer to the upper, the mold.

Evolution of Compositions and Contents of Capsule and Slime EPSs for Adaptation to and Action on Energy Substrates and Heavy Metals by Typical Bioleaching Microorganisms

2017 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 466-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Yuan Nie ◽  
Hong Chang Liu ◽  
Jin Lan Xia ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Yun Lu Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Uronic Acids ◽  
Energy Substrates ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
Acidianus Manzaensis ◽  
First Time ◽  
Extracellular Polymer ◽  
Mineral Interaction

Adaption to the energy substrates and heavy metals by bioleaching micoorganisms is the prerequisite for efficient microbe-mineral interaction in bioleaching process. It is known extracellular polymer substances (EPSs) take important role in mediating the adaption to and action on energy substrates and heavy metals. This report presents the evolution of compositions and contents of the major components of EPSs of the typical bioleaching microorganisms (Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Leptospirillum ferriphilum, Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans, and Acidianus manzaensis,) exposed to different energy substrates and heavy metal ions. These strains were acclimated firstly to Fe2+ substrate, and then on the substrates elemental sulfur (S0), pyrite and chalcopyrite, respectively. It was found that the major components of capsule and slime EPSs in terms of proteins, polysaccharides, as well as uronic acids were quite different in contents for the Fe2+-acclimated strains, and they even changed more when the Fe2+-acclimated strains were further acclimated to the other substrates. When exposed to heavy metals, all strains demonstrated much decrease in contents of capsule EPSs, and much increase in slime EPSs contents and the heavy metals were found to bound to the slime parts. It was for the first time the EPSs of the bioleaching strains were fractionated into capsule part and slime part, and it was also for the first time we found the differences in evolution of compositions and contents of the major organic components as well as the inorganic matter of capsule EPSs and slime EPSs when the bioleaching strains were exposed to different energy substrates and heavy metals.

scholarly journals Distribusi Vertikal Logam Pb, Zn, Cr dan Keterkaitannya Terhadap Karbon Organik Sedimen di Pantai Marunda, Jakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Triyanti Nurhidayah ◽  
Lilik Maslukah ◽  
Sri Yulina Wulandari ◽  
Kurnia Kurnia
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Sediment Texture ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Vertical Distribution ◽  
Very High

Pantai Marunda terletak di Teluk Jakarta dan berdekatan dengan muara Sungai Tiram. Kegiatan antropogenik di sekitar Pantai Marunda sangat tinggi, sehingga dapat menyumbang limbah yang mengandung logam berat Pb, Zn dan Cr. Limbah logam berat yang terakumulasi dalam perairan, akan  mengendap dalam sedimen dan seiring berjalannya waktu akan mengalami peningkatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini, untuk mengetahui konsentrasi Pb, Zn, dan Cr berdasarkan kedalaman vertikal, hubungannya dengan karbon organik total (KOT) dan ukuran butir sedimen di Pantai Marunda. Sampel sedimen diambil menggunakan polietylen sediment core dan dipisahkan berdasarkan kedalamannya (1-3 cm, 4-6 cm, dan 7-9 cm). Logam berat dalam sedimen dianalisis menggunakan metode destruksi asam dan diukur nilai absorbansinya menggunakan AAS, karbon organik total menggunakan metode loss of ignition (LOI) dan analisa tekstur sedimen dengan metode pengayakan dilanjutkan pemipetan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi rerata logam berat Pb, Zn, Cr secara berurutan pada lapisan atas sebesar 5,14; 107,19; dan 12,79 ppm, lapisan tengah sebesar 4,41; 100,20; 12,28  ppm serta lapisan bawah sebesar 4,8; 101,30; 14,10 ppm. Logam berat Zn dan Cr berkorelasi positif kuat terhadap KOT dan persentase lumpur, sedangkan terhadap Pb berkorelasi negatif. Hasil penelitian ini menggambarkan bahwa distribusi logam berat Pb, Zn dan Cr secara vertikal menunjukkan konsentrasi tinggi pada lapisan permukaan yaitu pada kedalaman sedimen 1-3 cm dan keberadaanya ditentukan oleh konsesntrasi  KOT dan fraksi sedimen jenis lumpur. The Marunda Beach is located on the Jakarta Bay and adjacent to the mouth of the Tiram River. Anthropogenic activity around Marunda Beach is very high, so it can contribute the heavy metals such as Pb, Zn and Cr. The heavy metal will accumulate in the sediment and over time will be increase. The purpose of this study was to determine the vertical distribution of Pb, Zn, Cr, and their relationship to total organic carbon (TOC) and the grain size. Sediment samples were taken using polyethylene cores and this sample separated based on their depth (1-3 cm, 4-6 cm, and 7-9 cm). The heavy metals were analyzed using acid destruction and absorbance values were measured using AAS, TOC using the loss of ignition (LOI) and sediment texture with a sifting method, followed by pipetting. The results showed that the average concentration of Pb, Zn, Cr in the upper layer was 5.14; 107.19; 12.79 ppm, in the middle layer of 4.41; 100.20; 12.28 ppm and in the lower layer 4.8; 101.30; 14.10 ppm, respectively. Zn and Cr are strongly positively correlated to TOC and mud, and vice versa, the relationship to Pb is negative. The results of this study found that the vertical distribution of Pb, Zn and Cr was high in the surface layer (1-3 cm) and their presence was determined by TOC concentration and mud fraction.

Absorption of Mechanical Energy via Formation of Ice Nanotubes in Zeolite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Mochizuki
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Molecular Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Heterogeneous System ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Pure Silica ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
First Time

Abstract Molecular dynamics simulations are carried out for a heterogeneous system composed of bulk water and pure-silica zeolites of the AFI type. Our simulations show, for the first time, the...

Preparation of New Anti-Slip Flooring Coatings: Hydrophobic MMA Floor Coatings

2013 ◽  
Vol 721 ◽  
pp. 73-76
Author(s):  
Shu Le Lin ◽  
Hui Hua Cai
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Spectroscopy ◽  
Dynamic Contact ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Coating Properties ◽  
Hydrophobic Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
First Time

For the first time, hydrophobic MMA floor coatings were prepared based on the fluorine-containing methacrylic ester copolymers and applied as a new kind of anti-slip flooring coatings. The composition of the synthesized copolymers was characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR. The prepared hydrophobic MMA floor coatings were analyzed for their coating properties. The hydrophobic properties of the coatings were characterized by static and dynamic contact angles and X-ray photo-electronic spectroscopy (XPS). Results show that the newly prepared floor coatings are easy to apply and have excellent mechanical and hydrophobic properties, which indicates that the hydrophobic MMA floor coatings have great potential applications in anti-slip flooring coatings.

scholarly journals Description of soil impurity for Elbasan city – Albania

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-244
Author(s):  
Anila Jançe ◽  
Valentin Bogoev ◽  
Admir Jançe
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Current Assessment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Geographical Space

This scientific paper enables us to present the bacteriological, physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals present in the soil of Elbasan city. Through this study we have obtained significant data that give us the opportunity to judge about soil impurity of Elbasan city, allowing us to present a current assessment of soil pollution. The pollution of the land of a historical-cultural city like Elbasan takes on a considerable importance in terms of the impact on the health of citizens, based mainly on the cultivation of agricultural crops in the study area. In view of this goal, during the September-October 2020 period, some soil samples were taken and analyzed in the laboratory, where the area predetermined by us for samples taking consists of the geographical space where the heavy industries of Elbasan city operate. All bacteriological, physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals part of the soil of Elbasan are presented for the first time in this paper. As a result of the results obtained where we encounter a significant soil pollution of Elbasani town we think that is attributed to the fact that Elbasan has always been considered as one of the most polluted cities in Albania in recent years. Finally, we can say that land pollution comes as a result of productive activities of light and heavy industries, which operate without implementing the rules of environmental protection in Albania but also from human activity mainly in agriculture, where we mention the use without criteria of pesticides and chemical fertilizers.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals Mixture Phytotoxic Impact upon Elodea canadensis Macrophite uner the Experimental Ecosystems Conditions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Elodea Canadensis ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Experimental Ecosystems ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
First Time ◽  
Upper Boundary

Phytotoxic effect of the heavy metal mixture polluted water has been investigated. The experimental microcosm water contained heavy metals (Zn, Сu, Pb, Cd, Fe+2, Fe+3, Cr+6, Ni). Metal concentrations have been selected to simulate water pollution with machine-building waste (slimes). Such an experiment has been carried out in vitro for the first time. Elodea canadensis macrophite as one of the most adopted and wide-spread species was incubated into the microcosms. No phytotoxic effect was recorded in the microcosms with plants and admixture of heavy metals over the first three days. The death of plants was detected 168 hours (7 days) after the start of incubation. Microcosms with plants without adding of the metals did not alter after the start of incubation. On the second day after incubation and orange sediment precipitated in the microcosms without macrophytes but with the heavy metals adding. The investigation results supplement the vision concerning polyfunctional role of hydrocoles in the elements migration within aquatic ecosystems. The obtained data indicated the prospective and promising character of further research of Elodea canadensis in terms of phytomefitation and search for the upper boundary of tolerance to heavy metals.

scholarly journals Nickel and Chrome Pollutions Identification in the Coastal Area of Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Irzon
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Beach Sand ◽  
Metal Mining ◽  
Box Plots ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Heavy Metals Pollution

Abstract Kulon Progo is located in the southern part of Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia. The regency is famous of some tourist beach points. This study discusses the compositiom of beach sand samples in three coastal areas in Kulon Progo: Karangwuni, Glagah, and Congot in relation to environmental issues. Seven samples of four locations were megascopically descripted and analyzed using XRF and ICP-MS for geochemistry contents. Four of samples are beach sands from the surface whilst the others were collected from about 50 cm below surface. Box plots show maximum Cr outlier and minimum most of REE outliers in the group of beach sand samples. Nickel and chrome tenor anomalies were detected in samples from coastline of Karangwuni and Glagah. On the other hand, no Ni and Cr anamalies were indentified in the two samples 200 m from the seashore of Karangwuni nor the two samples near Congot seashore. In the polluted location, the two heavy metals are relatively concentrated in the surface. Two volcanic rock samples from the Andesite domain are selected to trace the origin of the heavy metals. The wastes of basic metal mining in northern Kulon Progo together with urban activities and several industries in Wates were then transported through the Serang River to Indian Ocean. Tidal currents helps the heavy metals to be deposited in the coastal areas near the mouth of Serang River. This study also concluded that folk gold mining activity in Sangon is not the source of Ni and Cr pollution to the coast of Kulon Progo.Keyword: geochemistry, beach sand, Kulon Progo, heavy metals pollution. Sari Kulon Progo berlokasi di bagian selatan Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Jakarta, Indonesia. Kabupaten ini terkenal dengan beberapa lokasi wisata pantai. Studi ini membahas mengenai komposisi pasir pantai pada tiga lokasi pantai di Kulon Progo: Karangwuni, Glagah, dan Congot terkait dengan masalah lingkungan. Tujuh contoh dari empat lokasi penelitian telah dideskripsikan secara megaskopis dan dianalisis kandungan geokimianya menggunakan XRF dan ICP-MS. Empat contoh merupakan pasir pantai yang berasal dari permukaan sedangkan contoh lain berasal dari 50 cm di bawah permukaan. Box plot dengan jelas menunjukkan keberadaan maximum outlier pada Cr dan minimum ourlier pada banyak elemen dari REE pada kelompok contoh pasir pantai. Anomali tinggi nikel dan krom terdeteksi pada seluruh contoh yang berada dekat tepi pantai di Karangwuni dan Glagah. Namun demikian, tidak terdapat anomali Ni dan Cr pada dua contoh yang berasal dari 200 m sebelum tepi pantai Karangwuni maupun dua contoh dari Pantai Congot. Pada titik yang tercemar polusi, dua logam berat ini lebih terkonsentrasi pada bagian permukaan. Dua batuan vulkanik dari wilayah Andesit dipilih dalam menelusuri asal muasal logam berat tersebut. Sampah sisa penambangan logam dasar bersama dengan aktifitas perkotaan dan industri di Kulon Progo telah terbawa oleh aliran Sungai Serang menuju Samudera Hindia. Arus bolak-balik air laut membantu logam berat tersebut terdepositkan di wilayah pantai dekat dengan mulut Sungai Serang. Studi ini turut menyimpulkan bahwa penambangan emas rakyat di Sangon bukan sebagai sumber pencemaran Ni dan Cr di tepi pantai Kulon ProgoKata kunci: geokimia, pasir pantai, Kulon Progo, polusi logam berat

scholarly journals Microplastics as Vectors of Chromium and Lead during Dynamic Simulation of the Human Gastrointestinal Tract

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4792
Author(s):  
Verónica Godoy ◽  
Antonio Martínez-Férez ◽  
María Ángeles Martín-Lara ◽  
José Antonio Vellido-Pérez ◽  
Mónica Calero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Surface Porosity ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
First Time ◽  
Kinetics Of

The human body is exposed to the ingestion of microplastics that are often contaminated with other substances, which can be released into our body. In this work, a dynamic in-vitro simulator of the gastrointestinal tract based on a membrane reactor has been used for the first time to study the release, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability of chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) from polyethylene and polypropylene microplastics previously contaminated in the laboratory. The results showed that 23.11% of the initial Cr and 23.17% of the initial Pb present in microplastics were able to cross the tubular membrane, simulating the intestinal absorption phase. The pH evolution during the gastric phase and the duodenal phase, the interaction mechanisms with physiological fluids, and the properties of the polymers, such as specific surface, porosity, and/or surface degradation, affected the kinetics of release from the microplastics and the behavior of both heavy metals. Cr was released very early in the gastric phase, but also began simultaneously to precipitate quite fast, while Pb was released slower and in less quantity than Cr, and did not precipitate until the beginning of the duodenal phase. This study shows, for the first time, how useful the dynamic gastrointestinal simulator is to study the behavior of microplastics and some problematic heavy metals along the human gastrointestinal tract, and can serve as a reference for future studies focused on the effects of these substances in the human body.

A mechanism for the formation of the mineralized Mn deposits at Merehead Quarry, Cranmore, Somerset, England

2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Oxide Coating ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Mississippi Valley ◽  
Secondary Minerals ◽  
Mn Oxide ◽  
Uplift And Erosion ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hydrothermal Event

AbstractMississippi Valley type galena deposits emplaced into Carboniferous limestones throughout the Mendip Hills during the late Permian or Triassic period were locally exposed to the action of seawater during the Jurassic period following regional uplift and erosion of the intervening strata. Oxidation of galena initiated the deposition of manganate minerals from the seawater, and these adsorbed heavy metals from both the seawater and local environment. A subsequent hydrothermal event heated the lead-manganate deposits causing decomposition of the galena and creating the conditions which led to the formation of the suite of unusual secondary minerals – including a number of rare oxychlorides – now found at Merehead. Heating of the manganate phases converted them to Mn oxides and released the entrained heavy metals which were then incorporated into unusual mineral phases. The impervious Mn oxide coating which enclosed the cooling Pb-rich areas isolated them chemically, leading to closed-system behaviour. The high-T phases at Merehead are similar to those found in the Pb-bearing silicic skarns at Långban, whilst the suite of secondary minerals which evolved in the closed-system environments bears striking similarities to the ‘anomalous sequence’ of minerals found at the Mammoth-St. Antony Mine. The complexity of these formation processes probably explains the rarity of Mendip-type Pb-Mn deposits. The collective importance of the disconformity, the hydrothermal event, and subsequent sealing of the deposits are recognized for the first time, and the temperature of the hydrothermal event is shown to have been much greater than has heretofore been realized. Silurian volcanic strata underlying the Carboniferous limestones which have previously been assumed to be the source of heavy metals are shown to have been uninvolved in the process.

Changes in physicochemical, heavy metals and air quality in life episode of Aplocheilus panchax along Mahanadi industrial belt of India as a function of social lockdowns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswaranjan Paital ◽  
Pawan Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Environmental Audit ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Mahanadi River ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Environmental Status ◽  
First Time

Abstract The COVID-19 induced lockdowns have many positive effects on the environment. However, a preplanned experiment explaining the impacts of such lockdowns on environmental markers and appearance of fish species is lacking. We hypothesize that spotting the fish Aplocheilus panchax along the industrial belt of Mahanadi River near Cuttack in a never seen manner could be due to the regenerated environment. Heavy metals, water quality and air qualities along with spotting A. panchax in up, mid and down stations in Mahanadi River at Jagatpur industrial basins were analysed at pre-lockdown (end of March 2020) and after 60 days of lockdown (last week of May 2020). Here we show that an overall reduction of 45, 61, 79, 100, 97 and 90% of Fe, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb and Zn, respectively, was recorded in the studied area after lockdowns. Similarly, dissolved oxygen and pH was elevated by 26 and 7%, respectively. Water temperature, conductivity and total dissolved solute levels were reduced by 7, 46 and 15%, respectively. Air NO2, SO2, NH3, PM2.5, PM10 and CO levels were alleviated by 58.75, 80.33, 72.22, 76.28, 77.33 and 80.15%, respectively. Finally, for the first time we documented about 12 numbers of the A. panchax per 100 m shore line in the area. The observed lockdown induced environmental healing at the studied area could contribute to this and therefore a stringent environmental audit is suggested during post-COVID-19 periods to make the regenerated environmental status long lasting at several places of the planet.

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