Physicochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Composite Films Based on Bacterial Cellulose and Chitosan for Wound Dressing Materials

New bacterial cellulose/chitosan (BC/Ch) nanocomposite films were obtained using a simple procedure by immersing BC synthesized by Komagataeibacter xylinus in 1% acetic acid solutions of Ch with the degree of deacetylation 75‒85% of medium molecular weight. The BC and BC/Ch composites chemical composition was examined by FTIR, the mechanical properties by a tensile tester, surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy, and antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa by diffusion and joint incubation methods. The FTIR spectra indicated the intermolecular interaction between BC and Ch. Due to addition of 0.6% (w/v) Ch, the films of BC/Ch become more homogeneous with a significantly denser fibril structure, smaller pore diameter and higher surface area in comparison to those of pure BC films. Micro- (15‒35 nm) and macrofibrils (50‒150 nm) in both BC and BC/Ch films are joined in ribbon-like fibers, providing a high degree of mechanical strength (Young’s modulus: 33‒36 MPa, tensile strength and elongation et break: 17, 22 MPa). The obtained hybrid material is transparent, flexible and displays good water absorption capacity and water vapor permeability. The films have reasonable thermal stability to be in contact with body or during steam sterilization, since maximum degradation temperature (Td) of both biocomposites is around 400‒600 °C. The disc diffusion method confirmed that the BC/Ch films have predominantly non-diffusible antibacterial properties. Antibacterial assessment by the joint incubation method proved that addition of Ch to BC films resulted in significant growth inhibition against target bacteria. The BC/Ch biocomposites’ notable properties make them suitable for wound healing applications.

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Improving the Performance of Feather Keratin/Polyvinyl Alcohol/Tris(hydroxymethyl)Aminomethane Nanocomposite Films by Incorporating Graphene Oxide or Graphene

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano10020327 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 327 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shufang Wu ◽

Xunjun Chen ◽

Tiehu Li ◽

Yingde Cui ◽

Minghao Yi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Nanocomposite Films ◽

Light Transmittance ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Blend Films ◽

Feather Keratin ◽

Degradation Temperature ◽

Bionanocomposite Films

In this study, feather keratin/polyvinyl alcohol/tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (FK/PVA/Tris) bionanocomposite films containing graphene oxide (GO) (0.5, 1, 2, and 3 wt%) or graphene (0.5, 1, 2, and 3 wt%) were prepared using a solvent casting method. The scanning electron microscopy results indicated that the dispersion of GO throughout the film matrix was better than that of graphene. The successful formation of new hydrogen bonds between the film matrix and GO was confirmed through the use of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The tensile strength, elastic modulus, and initial degradation temperature of the films increased, whereas the total soluble mass, water vapor permeability, oxygen permeability, and light transmittance decreased following GO or graphene incorporation. In summary, nanoblending is an effective method to promote the application of FK/PVA/Tris-based blend films in the packaging field.

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Preparation and Characterization of Corn Starch-Nanodiamond Composite Films

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.469.156 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 469 ◽

pp. 156-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Hong Pan ◽

Dan Xu ◽

Qin Liu ◽

Hui Qing Ren ◽

Min Zhou

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Corn Starch ◽

Composite Films ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Nanocomposite Films ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Loading Amount ◽

Physical Blending

Starch-based nanocomposite films were fabricated by the incorporation of different amounts of nanodiamond (ND) particles. These films were characterized by SEM, FT-IR, TGA, tensile testing and water vapor permeability measurement. It was observed that at low loadings, ND dispersed well in starch matrix. However, as the loading amount increased, aggregates as large as several micrometers appeared. The physical blending of ND with starch didnt change the thermal degradation mechanisms of starch films, only increased the char residues. As the ND loading increased, the tensile strength of composite films increased but the elongation at break decreased. However, the water vapor permeability increased as the loading of ND increased due to the increased microspores in films. With further modifications, ND may be considered as a novel of biocompatible nanofillers for reinforcement of biopolymers for food packaging applications.

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Effects of Zein on Film-Forming Ability and Properties of Wheat Gluten Films

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.1582 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 750-752 ◽

pp. 1582-1585

Author(s):

Chun Hong Zhang ◽

Nan Chang ◽

Chen Li ◽

Xin Hua Li

Keyword(s):

Water Retention ◽

Wheat Gluten ◽

Composite Films ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Hydrogen Bond Interaction ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Film Forming ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus

Zein was added into wheat gluten (WG) to prepare zein composite films (ZCF) in order to improve the properties of films. The film-forming ability, properties, surface microstructure and infrared spectrum of WG films and ZCF were investigated. The results show that the viscosity of film-forming solutions decrease, and uniformity become worse slightly, after zein added. ZCF are yellow, with metal luster, whose toughness and water retention increase. Compared to the control, the ZCF tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EB) and resistance of oxygen are increased by 33.2%, 17.2% and 11.25%, and water vapor permeability (WVP) and transparency are decreased by 26.0% and 75.4% respectively. ZCF have better antibacterial properties than WG films. The inhibition effect on escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus are increased by 36.36% and 32.89% respectively. Hydrogen bond interaction of ZCF become weak, and the surface of ZCF become smooth and evenly.

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Effect of DMDHEU treatment on properties of bacterial cellulose material

Textile Research Journal ◽

10.1177/0040517521992357 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 004051752199235

Author(s):

Florentina Sederavičiūtė ◽

Jurgita Domskienė ◽

Lina Jurgelionytė ◽

Audronė Sankauskaite ◽

Dushan Kimmer

Keyword(s):

Water Absorption ◽

Bacterial Cellulose ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Absorption Capacity ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Crosslinking Reaction ◽

Sem Images ◽

Cellulose Material

The aim of this study was to estimate the influence of purification and treatment with textile finishing agent procedures on structural, mechanical, and water barrier properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) in order to predict the end-use properties. Kombucha fungus generated by Komagataeibacter xylinus species, formerly known as Gluconacetobacter xylinus, was used to produce the BC material. The BC was purified with 0.5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution and treated with 5%, 10%, and 20% concentration of N, N-dimethylol 4,5-dihydroxy-ethylene urea (DMDHEU). By Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) was estimated, that the purification with a weak alkali solution was effective to remove amorphous matter of the BC material. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images demonstrated the BC structure, similar to a non-woven textile fabric with clearly visible three-dimensional networks of fine cellulose fibers. After the purification process, the BC material tensile strength increased by 52%; however, the strain decreased by 93%. BC material after treatment with 20% DMDHEU regained deformability and tensile properties analogous to untreated samples. Water vapor permeability (WVP) values increased and water absorption capacity (WAC) decreased in BC material with increasing DMDHEU concentration. According to the FTIR results, the crosslinking reaction of DMDHEU and adjacent BC molecules was proved. The treatment with DMDHEU restores the amorphous properties of BC material, and therefore blocks water absorption, and the decrease in the water absorption parameter might be determined.

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Development of seaweed-based bamboo microcrystalline cellulose films intended for sustainable food packaging applications

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.14.2.3389-3410 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 3389-3410 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. Hermawan ◽

Tze Kiat Lai ◽

Shima Jafarzadeh ◽

Deepu A. Gopakumar ◽

Hasan M. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Moisture Absorption ◽

Composite Films ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Absorption Capacity ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Sustainable Food ◽

Cellulose Films

Seaweed bio-composite films with different proportion of Lemang and Semantan bamboo microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were fabricated via solvent casting. The seaweed/MCC composite films were flexible, transparent, and slightly yellow. The MCC particles further enhanced mechanical properties and opacity of films. The thermal stability of seaweed films was moderately improved upon addition of bamboo MCC particles. Bamboo MCC was found to be comparable to commercial MCC in reducing the water vapor permeability (WVP), water solubility (WS), and moisture absorption capacity (MSC) of seaweed films. The tensile strength (TS) of seaweed films was increased by 20 to 23% with addition of up to 5% MCC particles. In addition, bamboo MCC efficiently reduced the WVP of seaweed films comparable to commercial MCC particles. The WS of seaweed films was decreased by 10 to 19% with addition of 1% MCC particles loading. Lemang bamboo MCC (SB-MCC) was remarkably reduced the moisture absorption capacity (MAC) of films up to 25% with inclusion of only 1% MCC. Morphological analysis via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirmed that there was homogeneous dispersion of MCC particles in the films. MCC particles improved the mechanical, thermal, and optical properties of seaweed films making them more suitable for food packaging applications.

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Preparation, Properties and Mechanism of Anionic and Cationic CNC/WPU Composite Films

10.21203/rs.3.rs-672111/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ya-Yu Li ◽

Yan-Ru Bai ◽

Xin-Qian Zhang ◽

Xin Liu ◽

Zhen Dai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Composite Film ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Composite Films ◽

Interaction Mechanism ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Waterborne Polyurethane ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Nanocomposite Films ◽

Light Transmittance ◽

Vapor Permeability

Abstract Three kinds of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were added into waterborne polyurethane (WPU), and nanocomposite films were prepared by solution casting method. The influence of different ionic function groups on microstructure and properties of composite films was investigated, and interaction mechanism between these two components was analyzed. Results show that thermal stability of these composite films are improved by 15℃. Compared with sulfated CNCs （SCNCs） and TEMPO oxidized CNCs (TOCNCs), FE-SEM results prove that cationized CNCs (CaCNCs) have better dispersion in composite films. In addition, fracture surface did not display large cavities, which indicates the interface binding force between WPU and CaCNCs is stronger. The tensile strength and fracture work of CaCNC/WPU composite film increase by 11.9% and by 8.4%, respectively. The oxygen permeability of CaCNC/WPU composite film is the lowest in these composite films, which is 5.00 cm3•cm (cm2•s•Pa)-1. Water vapor permeability of composite films may have a close positive correlation with their hygroscopicity. In all, composite film with CaCNCs has optimal strength, toughness, light transmittance and oxygen barrier properties. There may be opposite ion attraction superimposed hydrogen bond between CaCNCs and WPU in the composite film. The composite films are expected to have applications in food packaging, furniture coatings and biomedical applications.

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Polylactic Acid Cellulose Nanocomposite Films Comprised of Wood and Tunicate CNCs Modified with Tannic Acid and Octadecylamine

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13213661 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (21) ◽

pp. 3661

Author(s):

Matthew J. Dunlop ◽

Ronald Sabo ◽

Rabin Bissessur ◽

Bishnu Acharya

Keyword(s):

Polylactic Acid ◽

Tannic Acid ◽

Composite Films ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Nanocomposite Films ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

One Pot ◽

Extruded Films ◽

Enhanced Biodegradation ◽

Surface Modified

Herein, a one-pot strategy was used to prepare hydrophobic cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) surface-modified with tannic acid and octadecylamine. By this strategy, CNCs derived from wood (W-CNC) and tunicates (T-CNC) were modified in situ and incorporated into a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix using two methods, without first drying the CNCs. Films of PLA-CNC nanocomposites were prepared both by solution casting and by wet compounding in a thermo-kinetic mixer, followed by melt extrusion. Various properties of these PLA nanocomposites were evaluated herein, along with an assessment of how these properties vary with the type of CNC reinforcement. Cast films with a hybrid mixture of wood and tunicate CNCs displayed improved mechanical properties compared to either wood or tunicate CNCs, but extruded films did not show this hybrid effect. The water vapor permeability of the extruded nanocomposite films with 1% CNCs was reduced by as much as 60% compared to the PLA films. The composite films also showed enhanced biodegradation compared to neat PLA films. These results demonstrate that wet compounded PLA composites produced with wood or tunicate CNCs modified using a one-pot, water-based route have improved barrier and biodegradation properties, indicating a potential for packaging applications without having to dry the CNCs.

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Enzymatic and Chemical Cross-Linking of Bacterial Cellulose/Fish Collagen Composites—A Comparative Study

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22073346 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. 3346

Author(s):

Agata Sommer ◽

Paulina Dederko-Kantowicz ◽

Hanna Staroszczyk ◽

Sławomir Sommer ◽

Marek Michalec

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Bacterial Cellulose ◽

Secondary Alcohol ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Polymer Chains ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Covalent Bonds ◽

Fish Collagen ◽

Chemical Cross Linking

This article compares the properties of bacterial cellulose/fish collagen composites (BC/Col) after enzymatic and chemical cross-linking. In our methodology, two transglutaminases are used for enzymatic cross-linking—one recommended for the meat and the other proposed for the fish industry—and pre-oxidated BC (oxBC) is used for chemical cross-linking. The structure of the obtained composites is characterized by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and their functional properties by mechanical and water barrier tests. While polymer chains in uncross-linked BC/Col are intertwined by H-bonds, new covalent bonds in enzymatically cross-linked ones are formed—resulting in increased thermal stability and crystallinity of the material. The C2–C3 bonds cleavage in D-glucose units, due to BC oxidation, cause secondary alcohol groups to vanish in favor of the carbonyl groups’ formation, thus reducing the number of H-bonded OHs. Thermal stability and crystallinity of oxBC/Col remain lower than those of BC/Col. The BC/Col formation did not affect tensile strength and water vapor permeability of BC, but enzymatic cross-linking with TGGS improved them significantly.

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Few-layer graphene aqueous suspensions for polyurethane composite coatings

MRS Advances ◽

10.1557/adv.2016.640 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 57-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eunice Cunha ◽

Fernando Duarte ◽

M. Fernanda Proença ◽

M. Conceição Paiva

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Testing ◽

Composite Coatings ◽

Composite Films ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Waterborne Polyurethane ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Layer Graphene ◽

Polyurethane Composite ◽

Few Layer Graphene

ABSTRACTGraphite nanoplates (GnP) have recently attracted attention as an economically viable alternative for the development of functional and structural nanocomposites. The incorporation of GnP into waterborne polyurethane (WPU) with loadings from 0.1 to 10 wt.% was studied. The mechanical properties of the composite films were assessed by tensile testing showing an increase of the Young’s modulus up to 48%. The electrical conductivity increased by 9 orders of magnitude and the water vapor permeability of the composite films decreased 57% for composites containing 5.0 wt.% of GnP.

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NOVEL COMPOSITE OF SILVER-BACTERIAL CELLULOSE (Ag-BC) FROM SIWALAN SAP (Borassus flabellifer) AND ITS ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v83.14363 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 19-25

Author(s):

Suntini Suntini ◽

Anastasia Wheni Indrianingsih ◽

Harjono Harjono

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bacterial Cellulose ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Reduction Process ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Natural Material ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Antibacterial Assay ◽

Natural Composite

Recently, a wound healing from natural composite with excellent properties is in a high demand. In this study, a novel composite of bacterial cellulose made from Siwalan sap (Borassus flabellifer) was achieved. Siwalan is a common plant in Java Island of Indonesia and the application is very limited for beverage only. This study aims to determine the effect of the AgNO3/NaBH4 concentration ratio in the development of Ag-BC composites and its antibacterial properties from Siwalan sap. Ag-BC composites were prepared by impregnating the silver solution into the BC matrix through the reduction process with NaBH4. Characterization of Ag-BC composites conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). Antibacterial assay was performed using disc diffusion method against Salmonella typhimurium (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) bacteria. The characterization of Ag-BC composite shows the nanostructure of BC with a length of fiber around 35-60 nm in width. The SEM-EDX micrograph showed that silver particles were impregnated into the BC matrix. Antibacterial activity test results showed that the Ag-BC composite had the ability to inhibit the bacteria S. typhimurium and S. aureus with good inhibition. This result showed the potential application of Ag-BC composite from Siwalan plant as a natural material for medical and pharmaceutical purpose, especially as an antibacterial agent.

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