scholarly journals Breach of contract: an Indonesian experience in akad credit of sharia banking

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-102
Author(s):  
Ayup Suran Ningsih ◽  
Hari Sutra Disemadi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Breach Of Contract ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Banking Credit

This research aims to determine and analyze the implementation of the concept of profit-sharing in Islamic banking credit agreements based on regulations in force in Indonesia and also to find out and analyze defaults undertaken by customers in Islamic banking credit agreements. The method used in this research is normative juridical, which is a method that puts forward secondary data in the form of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The secondary data in question such as Law Number 21 of 2008 concerning Sharia Banking, related books, and legal research journals. This research is based on the high community needs for capital to achieve the objectives of a business into a separate phenomenon. The concept of muamalah on the teachings of Islam that Muslims want to adhere to is one of the reasons for the birth of the concept of Islamic banking in Indonesia. The concept of profit sharing is one of the concepts known in Islamic banking. The risk of breach of contract by the customer is a necessity.

scholarly journals Breach of contract: an Indonesian experience in akad credit of sharia banking

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-102
Author(s):  
Ayup Suran Ningsih ◽  
Hari Sutra Disemadi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Breach Of Contract ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Banking Credit

This research aims to determine and analyze the implementation of the concept of profit-sharing in Islamic banking credit agreements based on regulations in force in Indonesia and also to find out and analyze defaults undertaken by customers in Islamic banking credit agreements. The method used in this research is normative juridical, which is a method that puts forward secondary data in the form of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The secondary data in question such as Law Number 21 of 2008 concerning Sharia Banking, related books, and legal research journals. This research is based on the high community needs for capital to achieve the objectives of a business into a separate phenomenon. The concept of muamalah on the teachings of Islam that Muslims want to adhere to is one of the reasons for the birth of the concept of Islamic banking in Indonesia. The concept of profit sharing is one of the concepts known in Islamic banking. The risk of breach of contract by the customer is a necessity.

TINJAUAN YURIDIS KAVLING SIAP BANGUN DI KOTA BATAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Padrisan Jamba, Irene Svinarky
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
The People ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Administrative Procedures

Batam City, which is one of the cities whose rules are slightly different from other cities inIndonesia, is about administrative procedures for land ownership registration, but for permits toallocate land, it is still held by the Batam Entrepreneurs Agency, abbreviated as BP Batam. InBatam City, the provision of KSB is actually given to residents due to various things. To get KSBthe community needs to fulfill the procedure first. This is what makes the writer interested intaking the title of Juridical Review of Ready-to-Build Courts in Batam City. The purpose of thispaper is to find out that the Ready-to-Build plot can be owned by land users (general public) inBatam City. The legal research method used in this study is normative legal research. Normativeresearch in it is also permitted to use scientific analysis of other sciences (including empiricalscience) to explain the legal facts examined by scientific work and juridical thinking (dankenjuridical). Retrieval Data used is by using secondary data, where documentation and recordingtechniques are through the file system. The Research Result for Ready-to-Build Plots in BatamCity may be owned by individuals, but the provision of KSB can be given to the community.People who get it while the people who get the plot still have not built a plot even though theprovisions in the temporary agreement agreed upon by the applicant with the BatamEntrepreneurial Agency the applicant must immediately build a building on the land.

PENERAPAN ASAS KEADILAN PADA TRANSAKSI PENYIMPANAN DANA NASABAH DI BANK SYARIAH BERDASARKAN AKAD MUDHARABAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
SITI NUR SHOIMAH
Keyword(s):  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Islamic Bank ◽  
Principle Of Justice

ABSTRAK This research is motivated by the fact that it does not include clauses related to the risk of the Bank or the Customer in the mudharabah agreements in the customer deposit funds in Islamic Banking (Sharia Banking), if at any time the business of managing a Islamic Bank fund suffers, even though there are also Customer funds in the business, and it’s not balanced, because maybe only one party, the Customer or the Bank, bears the risk of loss. This imbalance then causes injustice, even though justice is a shariah requirement in the distribution of results from a business activity. Research that uses the normative legal research with the statute approach, and conceptual approach, results in the finding that the principle of justice in customer deposit funds in Islamic Banking based on mudharabah agreements is realized in the form of profit sharing system in the form of proportional and balanced benefits and risks.   Keyword: Principle of Justice, Mudharabah Agreements, Customer Deposit Fund, Islamic Banking   ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh fakta yang menunjukkan tidak dicantumkannya klausul terkait resiko Bank ataupun Nasabah di dalam akad mudharabah pada transaksi penyimpanan dana Nasabah di Bank Syariah, apabila suatu ketika usaha dari pengelolaan dana Bank Syariah mengalami kerugian, padahal di dalam usaha tersebut juga terdapat dana Nasabah, dan ini tentu tidak seimbang, karena dimungkinkan hanya pihak Nasabah Penyimpan atau Bank Syariah yang menanggung resiko atas kerugian tersebut. Ketidakseimbang inilah yang kemudian menimbulkan adanya ketidakadilan, padahal keadilan merupakan persyaratan syari’ah dalam pembagian hasil dari suatu kegiatan usaha. Penelitian yang menggunakan metode normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual ini, menghasilkan temuan bahwa asas keadilan pada transaksi penyimpanan dana Nasabah di Bank Syariah berdasarkan akad mudharabah diwujudkan dalam bentuk sistem bagi hasil berupa keuntungan dan resiko secara proporsionalitas dan seimbang.        Kata Kunci:Asas Keadilan,  Akad Mudharabah, Penyimpanan Dana Nasabah, Bank Syariah  

scholarly journals RISK ANALYSIS OF ISLAMIC BANKING FINANCING BUSINESS IN INDONESIA 2014-2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Herlan Firmansyah ◽  
Mohamad Anton Athoillah
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Market Risk ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Investment Risk ◽  
Strategic Risk ◽  
Reputation Risk ◽  
Yield Risk ◽  
Financing Risk ◽  
Investment Portfolios

The purpose of this article is to analyze business risk in Islamic banking financing in Indonesia. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. The data used in this study are secondary data sourced from Sharia Banking Statistics (SBS). The conclusions of this article are ten business risks that must be managed by Islamic banks in carrying out their functions, namely financing risk, market risk, liquidity risk, operational risk, legal risk, reputation risk, strategic risk, compliance risk, yield risk, yield risk, and investment risk. Four business risks affect the profitability of Sharia Commercial Banks (BUS) in Indonesia, namely financing risk as measured by NPF, the rupiah exchange rate measures market risk against the USD and inflation, return NCD measures risk on total deposits and investment risk measured by the percentage potential loss profit-sharing financing for mudharabah and musyarakah investment portfolios.

scholarly journals PROBLEMATIKA HAK CIPTA SEBAGAI JAMINAN FIDUSIA DALAM TRANSAKSI KREDIT PERBANKAN DI INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Lidwina Tessa Kurnia Prihantiwi ◽  
, Pujiyono
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Bank Credit ◽  
Bright Spot ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Regulatory Constraints ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
Banking Credit

<p>Abstract<br />This article  has the main  problem  with  the causes  of banks  not allowing  copyright  as a Fiduciary  Guarantee in Banking Credit Transactions in Indonesia. Besides, this article aims to find out the solutions that must be done so that copyright can become a Fiduciary Guarantee. This article is empirical legal research and has a descriptive nature. The types of data used are primary and secondary. Data collection techniques used were interviews  and literature studies, then the technical analysis used was the deductive method . The results showed that several things cause copyright as a fiduciary guarantee  in bank credit transactions  not yet allowed by banks. The first cause is regulatory constraints, intellectual property rights assessment constraints such as copyright, constraints according to banking, constraints according  to the OJK, constraints  on people’s  evaluation  of copyright.  From  the various causes, the authors also describe solutions to overcome these causes so that there is a bright spot on Copyright Problems as a Fiduciary Guarantee in Banking Credit Transactions.<br />Keywords: Copyright; Fiduciary Guarantee; Banking Credit</p><p>Abstrak<br />Artikel ini memiliki pokok masalah tentang penyebab perbankan belum memperbolehkan Hak Cipta   sebagai  Jaminan  Fidusia  dalam Transaksi  Kredit  Perbankan  di Indonesia.  Selain itu artikel  ini bertujuan  untuk  mengetahui  solusi  yang  harus  dilakukan  agar Hak  Cipta  dapat menjadi  Jaminan  Fidusia.  Artikel  ini adalah  penelitian  hukum  empiris  dan memiliki  sifat deskriptif. Jenis data yang digunakan  yaitu primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan  data yang digunakan  adalah wawancara  dan studi kepustakaan,  selanjutnya  teknis analisis yang digunakan  adalah metode  deduktif.  Hasil penelitian  menunjukkan  bahwa  ada beberapa  hal yang menyebabkan hak cipta sebagai jaminan fidusia dalam transaksi kredit perbankan belum diperbolehkan oleh bank. Penyebab yang pertama adalah kendala regulasi , kendala penilaian hak kekayaan intelektual seperti hak cipta, kendala menurut perbankan, kendala menurut OJK, kendala penilaian  masyarakat  terhadap hak cipta. Dari berbagai   penyebab tersebut, penulis juga memaparkan solusi-solusi mengatasi penyebab tersebut agar ada titik terang atas Problematika Hak Cipta sebagai Jaminan Fidusia dalam Transaksi Kredit Perbankan.<br />Kata Kunci: Hak Cipta; Jaminan Fidusia; Kredit Perbankan</p>

scholarly journals PEMBEBANAN TANGGUNG JAWAB PERDATA KEPADA KEPALA DAERAH AKIBAT WANPRESTASI OLEH KEPALA DINAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Bachtiar Bachtiar ◽  
Tono Sumarna
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Civil Liability ◽  
The State ◽  
Court Decision ◽  
Legal Issue ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Breach Of Contract ◽  
State Administration

ABSTRAKWanprestasi dalam perjanjian konstruksi kerap ditemui dalam praktik, baik yang dilakukan oleh pemberi pekerjaan, maupun pihak pelaksana pekerjaan. Konsekuensinya, pihak yang melakukan wanprestasi dibebankan memulihkan kerugian yang timbul dari pelaksanaan perjanjian. Hal demikian tercermin dalam Putusan Nomor 72/PDT.G/2014/PN.TGR, di mana Kepala Dinas Kesehatan Kota Tangerang Selatan selaku pihak pemberi pekerjaan proyek terbukti melakukan wanprestasi. Menarik untuk dicermati, majelis hakim dalam putusannya justru membebankan Walikota Tangerang Selatan untuk bertanggung jawab secara keperdataan. Isu hukum yang hendak dijawab dalam tulisan ini, terkait apakah penafsiran hakim dalam Putusan Nomor 72/PDT.G/2014/PN.TNG tentang pembebanan tanggung jawab perdata kepada kepala daerah akibat wanprestasi yang dilakukan oleh kepala dinas telah sesuai dengan ajaran hukum administrasi negara, dan ajaran hukum perdata. Untuk menjawab isu hukum tersebut, penulis menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan bersandar pada data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa majelis hakim telah keliru dalam menafsirkan konsep pertanggungjawaban kepala daerah. Menurut ajaran hukum administrasi negara, walikota selaku kepala daerah tidak dapat dimintai tanggung jawab secara perdata akibat wanprestasi yang dilakukan kepala dinas. Demikian pula dari perspektif Pasal 1340 KUHPerdata, walikota bukanlah merupakan pihak dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian yang dibuat oleh kepala dinas, sehingga tidak dapat dibebani tanggung jawab secara keperdataan.Kata kunci: tanggung jawab perdata, kepala daerah, wanprestasi. ABSTRACT Breach of contract in construction agreements is often found in practice, whether carried out by the employer, or the implementing party. As a consequence, the defaulting party is charged to recover losses arising from the implementation of the agreement. This was reflected in Court Decision Number 72/PDT.G/2014/ PN.TGR, which is the Head of South Tangerang City Health Office, as the project employer, has been proven in breach of contract. It is interesting to note that the panel of judges in its decision actually charged the Mayor of South Tangerang with a contractual liability. The legal issue in this paper is whether the interpretation of judges in Court Decision Number 72/PDT.G/2014/ PN.TNG concerning the imposition of civil liability to the regional head due to default committed by the head  of office is in accordance with the teachings of the law of state administration and civil law. To answer these issues, the author uses normative legal research methods based on secondary data obtained through literature studies. The results of the analysis show that the panel of judges has erred in interpreting the concept of regional head accountability. According to the teachings of the state administration law, the mayor as the head of the region cannot be privately liable for the default committed by the head of office. Likewise, from the perspective of Article 1340 of the Civil Code, the mayor is not a party to the implementation of the agreement made by the head of office, therefore civil liability cannot be burdened to him. Keywords: civil liability, regional head, default.

scholarly journals Pelaksanaan Gadai Emas Dengan Sistem Syariah Di Bank Mandiri Syariah Cabang Kisaran

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Jhon Amri S Pasaribu ◽  
Elvi Zahara Lubis ◽  
Muhammad Yusrizal Adi Syaputra
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Branch Office

Profit sharing system in Islamic banks is one of the uses of sharia principles because interest is contrary to Islamic law. This type of research used in this study is normative legal research and the nature of the research is analytical descriptive. Sources of data used in this study are secondary data and primary data. The results of the study are the implementation of a gold pawning system with sharia at Bank Mandiri Syariah Kisaran Branch Office using 3 (three) contracts on gold-backed qaradh products, rahn contracts for gold binding and ijarah contracts for binding utilization of gold storage and maintenance services as collateral for loan funds. The implementation of the gold pawning is in accordance with the rules of Islamic law and sharia principles regarding gold rahn. The obstacles that arise in the implementation of the gold pawning with the sharia system that is not understanding the mechanism of rahn contract, customers who are not disciplined in paying installments so that when the gold is mortgaged auctioned auctioned by the bank and collateral carried by the customer does not comply with the specified specifications by the bank.

scholarly journals ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI PRINSIP BAGI HASIL, RISIKO DAN PENANGANAN PEMBIAYAAN BERMASALAH TERHADAP PEMBIAYAAN MUSYARAKAH DAN PEMBIAYAAN MUDHARABAH (STUDI KASUS:BANK SYARIAH MANDIRI KC MANADO)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Kartika Soetopo ◽  
David P.E. Saerang ◽  
Lidia Mawikere
Keyword(s):  
Banking System ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Financing Risk ◽  
Conventional Banks ◽  
Branch Office ◽  
Two Sides

The banking system in Indonesia is conducted by the dual banking system where the system is divided into conventional and Islamic. Presence of Islamic banks has provided  investment alternatives without worrying about the risk the development of remuneration with an uncertain interest method. But on this implementation, Islamic banking requires special treatment  different from conventional banks, especially in terms of handling the risks and challenges faced by Islamic banks. The problem is how to implement the profit sharing of principal and risks and how the handling Non Performing Finance of the implementation the profit sharing. To answer the problems of research using qualitative methods by analyzing primary and secondary data so as to produce the results of interviews. The result of this study show that in musyarakah principle not much different from the mudharabah, that both a system of partnership between the two sides or more to administer a particular business with profit sharing corresponding portion (ratio) were agreed at the beginning of the agreement. On this Implementation Mudharabah and Musyarakah have a some differences. While the risk in financing the Musyarakah and mudharabah, especially on this the financing application, high relatively, among other side streaming, negligence and misconduct willful, concealment of profits by customers when customers are not honest. The amount of financing risk is shown in the ratio of non-performing finance (NPF). The high of NPF indicates the large number of borrowers who can’t repay their finance in accordance with the initial agreement that has been agreed between the bank and the customer, so financing becomes problematic. Funding problems can be caused by the bank itself, the customers or external parties. Bank Syariah Mandiri (BSM) Branch Office Manado has been anticipating the event of a dispute banking, especially in the provision of financing problems. On this theory of completion financing problems, be done with several measures including the rescue action by intensive bill, rescheduling, re-requirements and realignment. Rescue actions made by bank on this condition that the customer is still considered to have good faith to settle the payment. Keywords: Islamic Banking, Profit Sharing, Risk, and Financing Problems

scholarly journals Analisis Jaminan Dalam Akad-Akad Bagi Hasil (Akad Mudharabah dan Akad Musyarakah) Di Perbankan Syariah

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Aufa Islami
Keyword(s):  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Breach Of Contract ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Islamic Financial Institutions

This research is entitled Analysis of Guarantees in Profit Sharing Contracts (Mudharabah and Musyarakah contracts) in Islamic banking. This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the guarantees contained in profit sharing contracts including the Mudharabah contract and the Musyarakah contract in Islamic Banking. This article research uses a normative approach. The normative approach is used for research from the perspective of fiqh muamalat regarding the position of the guarantee in the profit sharing contract. From this research it can be concluded that basically there is no guarantee for profit sharing contracts, such as mudarabah and musyarakah, except as a guarantee of the possibility of moral hazard being carried out by the contract partners. In practice, Islamic financial institutions, especially Islamic banking, always withdraw material guarantees for the profit sharing contracts they cover with their partners (customers). However, it must be remembered that the withdrawal of the material guarantee must be limited to cases where there is a loss due to unlawful acts, negligence or default by the customer. In the event that the loss occurs beyond the customer's fault, negligence or breach of contract, the guarantee may not be executed.

scholarly journals PENYALAHGUNAAN APBD OLEH PARA PEJABAT PUBLIK SAAT PANDEMI COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 1199
Author(s):  
Yuwono Prianto ◽  
Marian Marian ◽  
Stella Stella
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Local Revenue ◽  
The People ◽  
Regional Budget

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a broad impact, especially on the Indonesian economy. All aspects are affected, especially the declining local revenue (PAD). PAD is one of the elements that make up the APBD. In the midst of an economic crisis like today, there are still regional officials who actually experience a social crisis and are inhumane so that they misuse APBD funds. There are regional officials in Jember who receive funeral fees for residents who died due to covid-19, which is a form of legalized corruption. There is also a member of the Tangerang City DPRD who prepares a regional budget for official clothes at fantastic prices.By looking at the cases above, this article was created to analyze the handling of misuse of APBD and legal steps that can be used to handle cases of misuse of APBD by public officials during the covid-19 pandemic. This study uses normative legal research methods, supported by secondary data that includes three legal materials, namely laws and regulations related to the misuse of APBD by public officials as primary legal materials, secondary legal materials (consisting of articles, books, and so on), and tertiary legal material (in the form of a dictionary). This research is descriptive and conducted with a qualitative approach/paradigm. The data is processed and analyzed qualitatively and then narrated in writing. The handling of misuse of the APBD by public officials is handled in different ways, some are handled according to the law, some are referred to as mistakes in making the APBD draft. Ethically and according to the general principles of good governance, all forms of abuse do not meet the elements of good governance, even though in formal jurisprudence the policy concerned is categorized as legal. However, from the point of view of morality, this wisdom has lost its spirit.Re-actualization as a noble value needs to be carried out as stated in the preamble to the 1945 Constitution, local wisdom, religious teachings, decency and propriety. Public officials also need to build consensus and commitment to achieve equitable welfare and social justice for the people.On the other hand, the community also needs to be more critical and selective in choosing regional heads and representatives of the people and the community needs to supervise the public officials they have chosen. Pandemi Covid-19 telah memberi dampak yang luas terutama pada sektor perekonomian negara Indonesia. Semua aspek terdampak terlebih pada pendapatan asli daerah (PAD) yang menurun. PAD merupakan salah satu unsur yang membentuk APBD. Di tengah krisis ekonom seperti sekarang ini masih ada pejabat daerah yang justru mengalami krisis sosial dan tidak berperikemanusiaan sehingga mereka menyalahgunakan dana APBD. Ada pejabat daerah di Jember yang menerima honor pemakaman warga yang meninggal karena Covid-19, dimana hal ini menjadi suatu bentuk pidana korupsi yang dilegalkan. Ada pula anggota DPRD kota Tangerang yang menyusun anggaran daerah untuk baju dinas dengan harga yang fantastis.Dengan melihat kasus di atas maka artikel ini dibuat untuk menganalisa penanganan penyalahgunaan APBD serta langkah-langkah hukum yang bisa digunakan untuk menangani kasus penyalahgunaan APBD oleh para pejabat publik saat pandemi Covid-19.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif,dengan didukung data sekunder yang mencakup tiga bahan hukum, yaitu peraturan perundang-undangan terkait penyalahgunaan APBD oleh pejabat publik sebagai bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder (yang terdiri atas artikel,buku, dan sebagainya), serta bahan hukum tertier (berupa kamus). Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dan dilakukan dengan pendekatan/paradigma kualitatif. Data diolah dan dianalisis secara kualitatif lalu dinarasikan secara tertulis. Penanganan penyalahgunaan APBD oleh para pejabat publik ditangani dengan cara yang berbeda-beda, ada yang ditangani menurut hukum, ada pula yang disebut sebagai kekeliruan dalam pembuatan rancangan APBD. Secara etis dan menurut asas-asas umum pemerintahan yang baik, segala bentuk penyalahgunaan tersebut tidak memenuhi unsur-unsur penyelenggaraan pemerintahan yang baik, walaupun secara yuris formal kebijakan yang bersangkutan dikategorikan sebagai sesuatu yang legal. Namun demikian dari sisi moralitas kebijaksanaan tersebut sudah kehilangan ruh nya. Reaktualisasi sebagai nilai luhur perlu untuk dilakukan sebagaimana tertuang dalam pembukaan UUD 1945, kerifan lokal, ajaran agama, kesusilaan dan kepatutan. Pejabat publik juga perlu membangun konsensus dan komitmen untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan dan keadilan sosial yang merata bagi masyarakatnya.Di lain pihak masyarakat pun perlu lebih kritis dan selektif dalam memilih kepala daerah dan wakil rakyat serta masyarakat perlu melakukan pengawasan pada para pejabat publik yang telah mereka pilih itu. 

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