scholarly journals O uso de técnicas de nucleação na restauração de áreas degradadas no Polo Centro Norte-APTA, Pindorama-SP e no IMES-Catanduva-SP

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Bieras ◽  
T. M. Souza ◽  
M. T. V. N. Abdo ◽  
R. S. Valaretto ◽  
A. L. M. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Environmental Restoration ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Succession Process ◽  
Pasture Area ◽  
High Diversity

<p>Nucleação é capacidade que algumas espécies têm de induzir a restauração ambiental por meio de técnicas nucleadoras oferecendo abrigo, alimentação e reprodução acelerando assim o processo sucessional e diversidade local. Para promover a restauração ambiental no Polo Centro Norte- APTA e do IMES- Catanduva, foram selecionadas três áreas degradas adjacentes à fragmentos florestais: cultura agrícola (1), pastagem (2) e área desprovida de vegetação (3), instalando em cada área diferentes técnicas nucleadoras: 4 poleiros artificiais, 4 núcleos de galharia, 8 plantio de mudas em grupo Anderson, banco de sementes do solo e chuva de sementes. Após 15 meses a área de pastagem (2), por ter proximidade com fragmento florestal rico em diversidade e sem invasoras apresentou melhor resultado. Na área sem vegetação (3), teve aumento lento de biodiversidade devido à proximidade a fragmentos pobres em diversidade. Na área agrícola (1), com presença de invasoras, apenas alguns núcleos tiveram sucesso como o plantio de mudas em grupo de “Anderson” e chuva ou banco de sementes germinadas em viveiro e mudas transplantadas após rustificação. Poleiro artificial, galharia e banco ou chuva de sementes direto no solo, não são recomendados, pois devido a mato-competição, as plântulas germinadas são abafadas e provavelmente não sobrevivem.</p><p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em>The use of nucleation techniques in the restoration of degraded areas in the Polo Centro Norte-APTA, Pindorama-SP and in IMES-Catanduva-SP, Brazil</em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong> </strong><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>Nucleation is the environmental restoration by several techniques that provides shelter, food and breeding accelerating the succession process and diversity. In order to promote environmental restoration in the Polo Centro Norte-APTA and in the IMES-Catanduva-SP, Brazil, three degraded areas next to forest remnants were selected: agriculture (1), pasture (2) and area without vegetation (3) where nucleation techniques were deployed in each area 4 artificial pershes, 4 brushwood, 8 planting seedlings in Anderson group, soil seed bank and seed rain. After 15 months the results showed that: the pasture area (2) located beside forest remnant with high diversity and without weeds had better results. Nucleation technique is limited and promotes slow biodiversity increase when located close to remnants with low diversity as in the area without vegetation (3). In agricultural area (1), with weeds, the nucleation technique was also limited, being successful in only a few nuclei as the planting of seedlings in the "Anderson Group" and rain or seeds banks pre-germinated in nursery and seedlings transplanted after hardening. Artificial perch, brushwood and bank or direct seed rain on the ground, are not recommended, once due to weed competition, the germinated seedlings will be muted and probably not survive.</p>

scholarly journals Herpetofauna of Matas de Água Azul, an Atlantic Forest remnant in Serra do Mascarenhas, Pernambuco state, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Marques do A. Oliveira ◽  
Anna V. Albano de Mello ◽  
Marcos J. Matias Dubeux ◽  
Sérgio Bruno de A. Oliveira ◽  
Gabrielly Félix Lourenço ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Species Lists ◽  
Northeastern State ◽  
Northern Atlantic ◽  
High Diversity

Abstract: The northern most portion of Atlantic Forest is currently considered as the most vulnerable and threatened in this ecoregion, while also harboring the ecoregion’s least studied biota. Herein we present results of a herpetofaunistic survey in Refúgio de Vida Silvestre (Wildlife Refuge) Matas de Água Azul (RVSMAA), in the mountain range Serra do Mascarenhas, northeastern state of Pernambuco, Brazil, one of the largest forest remnants in the northern Atlantic Forest. The sampling was carried out in four expeditions using methods of visual searching and pitfall traps. A total of 43 species of amphibians and 40 species of reptiles were registered, including anurans, caecilians, lizards, snakes and chelonians. The richness recorded represented 56% of amphibians and 20% of reptiles registered in the Atlantic Forest north of the São Francisco River. The RVSMAA holds a high diversity of amphibians and reptiles, representing one of the highest levels of richness in the northern Atlantic Forest. The record of seven species included in some of the threatened species lists reinforces the importance of the area for the conservation of the Atlantic Forest herpetofauna and adds relevant information to our knowledge of northern Atlantic Forest biodiversity and aids in its assessment of conservation.

Recent Rapid Climate Changes in Antarctic and their Influence on Low Diversity Ecosystems

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna J. Chwedorzewska
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
High Diversity ◽  
Temperature Water

ABSTRACTThe geographic position, astronomic factors (e.g. the Earth’s maximum distance from the Sun during winter), ice cover and altitude are the main factors affecting the climate of the Antarctic, which is the coldest place on Earth. Parts of Antarctica are facing the most rapid rates of anthropogenic climate change currently seen on the planet. Climate changes are occurring throughout Antarctica, affecting three major groups of environmental variables of considerable biological significance: temperature, water, UV-B radiation.Low diversity ecosystems are expected to be more vulnerable to global changes than high diversity ecosystems

scholarly journals Influence of Slope Direction on the Soil Seed Bank and Seedling Regeneration of Castanopsis hystrix Seed Rain

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Zong Zhao ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Hongyan Jia ◽  
Wensheng Sun ◽  
Angang Ming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mature Seeds

Objective: To investigate the impact of different slope directions on the quantity and quality of the soil seed bank and seedling germination process of Castanopsis hystrix plantations. Method: Fixed sample plots in forest stands of Castanopsis hystrix were established on different slope directions (sunny slope, semi-sunny slope, semi-shady slope, and shady slope). The characteristics of the forest stand were investigated, and per-wood scaling was carried out. The temporal dynamics of the seed rain and seed bank were quantified using seed rain collectors and by collecting soil samples from different depths. The quantity and quality of the seeds were determined, and the vigor of mature seeds was measured throughout the study. Results: (1) The diffusion of Castanopsis hystrix seed rain started in mid-September, reached its peak from late October to early November, and ended in mid-December. (2) The dissemination process, occurrence time, and composition of the seed rain varied between the different slope directions. The seed rain intensity on the semi-sunny slope was the highest (572.75 ± 9.50 grains∙m−2), followed by the sunny slope (515.60 ± 10.28 grains∙m−2), the semi-shady slope (382.13 ± 12.11 grains∙m−2), and finally the shady slope (208.00 ± 11.35 grains∙m−2). The seed rain on the sunny slope diffused earliest and lasted the longest, while the seed rain on the shady slope diffused latest and lasted the shortest time. Seed vigor and the proportion of mature seeds within the seed rain were greatest on the semi-sunny slope, followed by the sunny slope, semi-shady slope, and the shady slope. (3) From the end of the seed rain to August of the following year, the amount of total reserves of the soil seed banks was highest on the semi-sunny slope, followed by the sunny slope then the semi-shady slope, and it was the lowest on the shady slope. The amount of mature, immature, gnawed seeds and seed vigor of the soil seed bank in various slope directions showed a decreasing trend with time. The seeds of the seed bank in all slope directions were mainly distributed in the litter layer, followed by the 0–2 cm humus layer, and only a few seeds were present in the 2–5 cm soil layer. (4) The seedling density of Castanopsis hystrix differed significantly on the different slope directions. The semi-sunny slope had the most seedlings, followed by the sunny slope, semi-shady slope, and the shady slope. Conclusions: The environmental conditions of the semi-sunny slope were found to be most suitable for the seed germination and seedling growth of Castanopsis hystrix, and more conducive to the regeneration and restoration of its population.

Diversity and community structure of Ephemeroptera in freshwater stream of Megamalai hills, Tamil Nadu, India

ENTOMON ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-284
Author(s):  
S. Barathy ◽  
T. Sivaruban ◽  
Srinivasan Pandiarajan ◽  
Isack Rajasekaran ◽  
M. Bernath Rosi
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Freshwater Stream ◽  
Species Diversity Indices ◽  
High Diversity

In the study on the diversity and community structure of Ephemeroptera in the freshwater stream of Chinnasuruli falls on Megamalai hills, a total of 523 specimens belonging to thirteen genera and five families were collected in six month periods. Of the five families, Teloganodidae and Leptophlebiidae exhibited high diversity and Caenidae showed low diversity. Choroterpes alagarensis (Leptophlebiidae) is the most dominant species. Diversity indices such as Shannon and Simpson indices showed that diversity was maximum in November and December and it was minimum in August and January. Canonical Correspondence Analysis revealed that rainfall, water flow, turbidity, and air temperature were the major stressors in affecting the Ephemeropteran community structure.

scholarly journals SOIL SEED BANK IN SEASONAL SEMIDECIDUOUS FOREST AND ABANDONED PASTURE

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 991-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sustanis Horn Kunz ◽  
Sebastião Venâncio Martins
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Successional Stage ◽  
Semideciduous Forest ◽  
Regeneration Stage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Successional Stages ◽  
Pasture Area ◽  
Seasonal Semideciduous Forest

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to characterize the seed bank in the soil of different successional stages of Seasonal Semideciduous Forest and abandoned pasture in order to understand the natural regeneration potential of these areas. At each successional stage, 30 samples of soil were collected in the rainy and dry seasons to evaluate the qualitative heterogeneity of the forest, at the regeneration stage (FEA) forest, intermediate regeneration stage forest (ISF) and pasture (PAS). The species were classified according to the life form, successional group and dispersion syndrome. The number of individuals germinated was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the ISF and in the rainy season (15,949 individuals). Richness was higher in the pasture area (79 species), with a significant difference only between the environments. Most species are herbaceous (49.5%), pioneers (76.5%) and zoocory was the main dispersion syndrome (49% of species). The results show that seed bank in the fragment of the regeneration advanced stage forest presents the highest resilience potential, since it is formed by different life forms and, mainly, by early and late secondary species.

scholarly journals Effects of bamboo dominance and palm-heart harvesting on the phylogenetic structure of the seed and seedling communities in an old-growth Atlantic Forest

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 309-316
Author(s):  
Daniella Schweizer ◽  
Débora Cristina Rother ◽  
Ana Elena Muler ◽  
Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues ◽  
Marco Aurélio Pizo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Palm Heart ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Seedling Community

Abstract:A comprehensive assessment of the effect of disturbances on tropical and subtropical forests is needed to better understand their impacts on forest structure and diversity. Although taxonomic and functional diversity measures have been successfully adopted in this context, phylogenetic diversity metrics are still poorly explored. We compared the phylogenetic structure of the seed rain and regenerating seedling community in patches of an old-growth Atlantic Forest remnant dominated or not by a ruderal bamboo species, Guadua tagoara. We sampled those patches before and after illegal harvesting of the palm Euterpe edulis thus assessing if the harvesting led to changes in the phylogenetic structure of the seed rain and the regenerating community in both patches. Bamboo-dominated patches showed a significantly higher presence of species in the seed rain that were more distantly related to each other in the phylogeny than expected by chance compared with patches without bamboos, but this difference disappeared after palm-heart harvesting. Contrary to what we expected, we did not find significant changes in the phylogenetic structure of seedlings before or after palm-heart harvesting. The phylogenetic structure at the tips of the phylogeny was random overall. The maintenance of a higher presence of far relatives in the phylogeny of the seedling community suggests, assuming trait conservatism, that despite bamboo dominance and palm-heart harvesting, functional diversity is being preserved at least in the early regenerating stages and in the time frame of the study. However, higher presence of pioneer taxa after palm-heart harvest indicates that this disturbance may lead old-growth areas to earlier successional stages.

scholarly journals How Bovine Livestock Affects Seed Rain in Subtropical Climate Forest

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Maureen de Moraes Stefanello ◽  
Ana Paula Moreira Rovedder ◽  
Roselene Marostega Felker ◽  
Matheus Degrandi Gazzola ◽  
Betina Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Floristic Similarity ◽  
Management Regime ◽  
Pampa Biome ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
History Of

Seed rainfall may be one of the mechanisms most impacted by livestock production in forest remnants. The trampling and cattle grazing alter dynamics, structure and floristic composition of the forest. The present work characterized the seed rainin forest remnants and the possible impacts of the presence and the management regime with different cattle stocks in the Pampa biome, southern region of Brazil. We compared three areas in Seasonal Forest remnants with a management history of 43 years: cattle exclusion area (A1); area with a cattle stock of 0.5 ua ha-1 (A2); and area with cattle stock of 1.0 ua ha-1 (A3). The seed rain was collected quarterly in 16 collectors (1 &times; 1 m&sup2;) per area for 24 months. The seeds were counted and identified according to external morphological characteristics, habit and dispersion syndrome. Shannon diversity index, submitted to the Hutcheson test, Pielou evenness, expected diversity and floristic similarity were determined. The results indicated that the impacts caused by livestock to seed rain were more significant in A3 where a quantitative reduction in the number of seeds was observed, probably due to the low number of plant individuals that make up the community.

Three new species of Holoscolex (Clitellata, Glossoscolecidae) from the Gurupi Biological Reserve, last forest remnant of the Belém Endemism Area, Eastern Amazon

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4496 (1) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
LUIS MANUEL HERNÁNDEZ-GARCÍA ◽  
JESÚS ENRIQUE BURGOS-GUERRERO ◽  
BIANCA TAMIRES SILVA DOS SANTOS ◽  
GUILLAUME XAVIER ROUSSEAU ◽  
SAMUEL WOOSTER JAMES
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Transitional Stage ◽  
Brazilian Amazonia ◽  
Continuous Forest ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Indigenous Territories ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Biological Reserve

We describe three new species of the earthworm genus Holoscolex from the Gurupi Biological Reserve in Maranhão state, Brazil. The Reserve, with the Indigenous Territories Awá, Caru, Alto Turiaçu and Alto Rio Guamá represent the last continuous forest remnants of the Belém Endemism Area, the most deforested and threatened area of Brazilian Amazonia. Holoscolex dossantosi sp. nov. has tubercula pubertatis looking like double bands, Holoscolex alatus sp. nov. presents alate tubercula pubertatis, and Holoscolex fernandoi sp. nov. has testis sacs and several intraclitellar atrial glands associated with genital markings between XIX and XXII. The presence of these unusual characters in Holoscolex fernandoi sp. nov. suggests that this species could be an evolutionary transitional stage linking Eudrilidae and more recent Glossoscolecidae genera.

scholarly journals Measuring the shape of the biodiversity-disease relationship across systems reveals new findings and key gaps

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fletcher W. Halliday ◽  
Jason R. Rohr
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Small Scales ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
Dilution Effects ◽  
High Diversity

Abstract Diverse host communities commonly inhibit the spread of parasites at small scales. However, the generality of this effect remains controversial. Here, we present the analysis of 205 biodiversity–disease relationships on 67 parasite species to test whether biodiversity–disease relationships are generally nonlinear, moderated by spatial scale, and sensitive to underrepresentation in the literature. Our analysis of the published literature reveals that biodiversity–disease relationships are generally hump-shaped (i.e., nonlinear) and biodiversity generally inhibits disease at local scales, but this effect weakens as spatial scale increases. Spatial scale is, however, related to study design and parasite type, highlighting the need for additional multiscale research. Few studies are unrepresentative of communities at low diversity, but missing data at low diversity from field studies could result in underreporting of amplification effects. Experiments appear to underrepresent high-diversity communities, which could result in underreporting of dilution effects. Despite context dependence, biodiversity loss at local scales appears to increase disease, suggesting that at local scales, biodiversity loss could negatively impact human and wildlife populations.

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