scholarly journals Some heterocyclic thione derivatives exhibit anticoccidial activity by inhibiting glycosidases.

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Balbaa ◽  
Neama Abd El-Hady ◽  
Nabil Taha ◽  
El Sayed H El Ashry
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Reference Compound ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Coccidial Infection ◽  
Anticoccidial Activity ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Coccidian Infection ◽  
Eimeria Stiedae

Coccidiosis is one of the most common parasitic diseases affecting many species of domestic animals. This disease has a major economic significance and the search for new compounds having anticoccidial activity is of great importance. In this article, different levels of protection from coccidian infection by Eimeria stiedae were developed in rabbits by treatment with compounds incorporating the skeleton of thiourea. These compounds include 4,5-diphenylimidazole-2-thione (1), 4,5-Diphenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (2) and 5-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (3) compared to the anticoccidial drug toltrazuril as a reference compound. Compounds 1-3 inhibit coccidiosis-induced activity of α-glucosidase. The protection from coccidial infection by compound 1 was higher than that shown for compounds 2 and 3. These data suggest that diazole and triazole thione derivatives have a mimetic effect for anticoccidial drugs through their inhibition of glycosidases.

scholarly journals Taenia hydatigena cysticercosis in wild boar (Sus scrofa) from southern Italy: an epidemiological and molecular survey

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (14) ◽  
pp. 1636-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Sgroi ◽  
Antonio Varcasia ◽  
Nicola D'Alessio ◽  
Paolo Varuzza ◽  
Francesco Buono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Domestic Life ◽  
Taenia Hydatigena ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Hunting Dogs

AbstractTaenia hydatigena cysticercosis is a widespread parasitic disease of wild and domestic animals. In Europe, the increase in wild boar population may potentially contribute to the spread of this parasitic infection. To determine the occurrence of cysticerci (metacestodes) in wild boar population from southern Italy, carcasses were inspected during three hunting seasons (2016–2018). Out of 3363 wild boar examined, 229 (6.8%) harboured cysticerci with 188 (82.1%) infected by a single cyst, vs 41 (17.9%) boars having more than one. Most of the positive animals (187; 81.7%) showed cysts on the liver, whereas a multiple localization of cysticerci was reported in 10 (4.4%) wild boar. The total number of cysts retrieved from positive animals was 301 (average 1.3). Molecular analysis revealed the occurrence of a common haplotype (Hap 8) shared between wild boar and domestic animals. Our findings suggest the presence of a T. hydatigena semi-domestic life cycle in which wild boar may play an important role, due to a large number of offal available to hunting dogs, wolves and foxes during hunting seasons. Hunters may be players in the management of wildlife species to control and prevent the circulation of parasitic diseases.

scholarly journals Zeolite as a factor in the improvement of some production traits of dairy cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1001-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Ilic ◽  
M.P. Petrovic ◽  
S. Pesev ◽  
J. Stojkovic ◽  
B. Ristanovic
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Different Levels

Milk yield and milk chemical composition are largely affected by diet quality. Natural zeolite has been successfully used in livestock production as a feed supplement for some types and categories of domestic animals. This experiment was conducted over a period of 15 months involving Domestic Spotted dairy cattle. The test animals were assigned to three groups, each receiving different levels of supplemental zeolite. The control group comprised cows that received no zeolite supplement. Experimental groups I and II were fed compound feeds supplemented with 4% and 2% zeolite, respectively. The production traits studied included the following milk performance traits: whole lactation length, milk and fat yields over whole lactations, milk and fat yields over standard lactations. The results obtained suggest that zeolite supplementation affects some production traits, depending on the zeolite level present in livestock feed.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a modern antiparasitic agent for deworming in domestic animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
A.P. Paliy ◽  
R.P. Petrov ◽  
A.P. Palii
Keyword(s):  
Potato Starch ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Dipylidium Caninum ◽  
Pyrantel Pamoate ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Antiparasitic Agents

Parasitic diseases continue to account for a significant proportion of overall morbidity in many parts of the world despite improved living conditions and increased awareness of health issues. The creation of innovative veterinary antiparasitic agents is a promising area of modern veterinary pharmacy. The pathogens Dipylidium caninum, Ancylostoma caninum, Toxocara canis, Toxocaris leonina were identified in the study of stray dogs (n=12). Eggs of Dipylidium caninum, Toxocara mystax, and Toxocaris leonina were found during cats' examination (n=15). Both mono and mixed invasions have been diagnosed in animals. We established that the floor and inventory were contaminated with exogenous forms of helminths at an extent of 100% after keeping animals in the shelter's enclosures. An innovative antiparasitic agent was used to treat animals. One tablet (0.5 g) contains the following active ingredients such as pyrantel pamoate (150±0.5 mg), praziquantel (50±0.5 mg), and auxiliary substances (lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, calcium stearate, sodium chloride, food flavoring "meat", povidone K-30 and potato starch). We estimated high antiparasitic agents' extensive efficiency (100%) at mono and mixed invasions in dogs and cats.

scholarly journals Studying of disinvasion action of the disinfectant Virosan for eggs Nematodes genus Trichuris parasitizing in sheep

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (88) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
V. V. Melnychuk ◽  
I. D. Yuskiv
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Test Culture ◽  
Invasive Diseases ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
High Level ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

Today sheep breeding in the world is gaining important socio-economic significance. In the conditions of the Ukrainian market, the sector provides the population with food products, industry – raw materials for production. One of the criteria for the efficiency of the industry is the epizootic well-being of farms in relation to invasive diseases, especially the most common ones – nematodoses of the gastrointestinal tract of sheep, which cause areas of significant economic losses. One of the factors of transmission of invasive diseases are objects of the environment, contaminated with eggs and larvae of pathogens of parasitic diseases. Therefore, the disinvasion of these sites is considered one of the decisive measures in the fight against parasites, since the destruction of the invasive elements in the external environment leads to a break in the epizootic chain of parasitic diseases of sheep, including trichurosis. Due to the presence of species diversity of nematodes of the genus Trichuris, parasitizing in sheep, high resistance of their exogenous stages of development to the action of environmental factors and chemicals, it is important to study the disinvasive effect of modern chemical agents on eggs of trichurosis pathogens. The purpose of the work was to study in a laboratory the disinvasive properties of the means of domestic production “Virosan” in the case of eggs of nematodes of the genus Trichuris parasitizing in sheep. The results of the research revealed that Virosan (LTD “BioTestLab”, Ukraine), using its solutions in 0.5% and 1% concentrations for exposures of 10–60 minutes, exhibited pronounced disinvasive properties (DE – 91.80–100% respectively) in relation to the test culture of eggs nematodes of the genus Trichuris, isolated from sheep. The investigated drug causes destructive changes in the form of destruction of the egg shell on one side of the poles and the termination of the development of the embryo at various stages. It has been experimentally established that the use of the means for the test culture of eggs of trichuryses of sheep of different species has its own differences. High level of disinfestation efficiency is registered for the following modes of application of the product: for the species Trichuris globulosa – a solution of 0.25% concentration (exposure of 60 minutes), as well as 0.5% and 1.0% concentration (exposures 10, 30 and 60 minutes), DE is 93.48–100.00%; for the species T. skrjabini – a solution of 0.5% and 1.0% concentration for all proposed exposures DE is 92.31–100.00%; For the species T. ovis – for use of 0.5% and 1.0% of working solutions (exposure 30, 60 and 10–60 minutes) DE is 90.59–100.00%.

scholarly journals Dietary Use of Artemisia Herba Alba Asso as A Potential Coccidiostat Against Cæcal Coccidiosis: Haematological Parameters Variations.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed MESSAÏ ◽  
Sara REDOUANE-SALAH
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Infected Bird ◽  
Lesion Score ◽  
Coccidial Infection ◽  
Coccidian Infection

Abstract This study consists of the evaluation of the anticoccidial effect of Artemisia herba-alba Asso during experimental coccidial infection. Four groups of 30 broiler chickens were formed: the negative control (G1), the positive control (G2), the infected Monensin-treated group (G3), and the infected Artemisia-treated group (G4). Each infected bird received orally 105 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella. No mortality was recorded in both G1 and G4. Haematocrit levels showed great variations from the 7th day Post-Infection, especially in G2 (20.87%±5.77). By day 10 P-I, haematocrit recovery was rapid particularly in G4 (28.07%±1.50). Haemoglobin concentration also decreased significantly (p<0.05) in all infected groups by the 7th day P-I. The reduction was very marked in G2 (6.47g/dL±1.67) against (10.53 g/dL ±0.25) in G1, but less marked in G4 (8.05g/dL ±1.56). Results show the protective effect of A. herba-alba Asso by improving the lesion score and the haematological parameters affected during coccidian infection.

scholarly journals Wide Genetic Diversity of Blastocystis in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Maryland, USA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1343
Author(s):  
Jenny G. Maloney ◽  
Yunah Jang ◽  
Aleksey Molokin ◽  
Nadja S. George ◽  
Monica Santin
Keyword(s):  
Odocoileus Virginianus ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Pairwise Distance ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
Subtype Distribution

Blastocystis is a gastrointestinal protist frequently reported in humans and animals worldwide. Wildlife populations, including deer, may serve as reservoirs of parasitic diseases for both humans and domestic animals, either through direct contact or through contamination of food or water resources. However, no studies of the occurrence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis in wildlife populations have been conducted in the United States. PCR and next generation amplicon sequencing were used to determine the occurrence and subtypes of Blastocystis in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Blastocystis was common, with 88.8% (71/80) of samples found to be positive. Twelve subtypes were identified, ten previously reported (ST1, ST3, ST4, ST10, ST14, ST21, and ST23–ST26) and two novel subtypes (ST30 and ST31). To confirm the validity of ST30 and ST31, MinION sequencing was used to obtain full-length SSU rRNA gene sequences, and phylogenetic and pairwise distance analyses were performed. ST10, ST14, and ST24 were the most commonly observed subtypes. Potentially zoonotic subtypes ST1, ST3, or ST4 were present in 8.5% of Blastocystis-positives. Mixed subtype infections were common (90.1% of Blastocystis-positives). This study is the first to subtype Blastocystis in white-tailed deer. White-tailed deer were found to be commonly infected/colonized with a wide diversity of subtypes, including two novel subtypes, zoonotic subtypes, and subtypes frequently reported in domestic animals. More studies in wildlife are needed to better understand their role in the transmission of Blastocystis.

Lessons From Chornobyl For the Veterinary. Domestic Animals Protection Measures and Radiation- Affected Livestock Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
B. Prister
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Nuclear Accidents ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Nuclear Disaster ◽  
Different Levels

The experience of eliminationthe consequences of the Chornobyl nuclear disaster proved the possibility to run agricultural production on the territory of the radioactive track made by the nuclear release with safety. In order to run it, it is necessary to have special subdivisions in authorities managing agriculture at different levels and staffed with specialists being competent in the area of agricultural radiology. Their preparation is an important element of preventive measure of anticipating nuclear accidents. Herewith, a special attention must be paid to protecting animals from the radioactive effect and treating the damaged livestock.

scholarly journals Short-lived radionuclides in nutritional physiology. A model study with l-[Me-11C]methionine in the pig

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-G. Stålnacke ◽  
B. Jones ◽  
B. Långström ◽  
H. Lundqvist ◽  
P. Malmborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Nutritional Physiology ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Nutritional Studies ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Different Levels

1. A‘new’carbon radioisotope, 11C, for use in nutritional studies is presented. It has a 20 min half-life, and decays by positron emission giving annihilation photons of 511 keV energy (Wolf & Redvanly. 1977). Thus repeated studies can be made with short time intervals and the distribution of radioactivity in the experimental animal can be detected externally.2. 11C was produced with a tandem Van de Graaff accelerator and L-[Me-11C]methionine was synthesized and used in model experiments in the pig. The tracer wasadministered intravenously through a catheter in the jugular vein of pigs weighing between 40 and 100 kg. In a series of experiments, one pig received a low-melhionine diet supplemented with DL-methionine to give three different levels of methioninc intake.3. The radioactivity distribution between liver and muscle was measured as a function of time by external detectors for 2–3 h after administration. Blood and exhaled CO2 were sampled and measured for radioactivity.4. The results indicate that 11C is a useful radionuclide in nutritional studies in intact large domestic animals.

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