scholarly journals THE A water-soluble [60]fullerene-derivative stimulates chlorophyll accumulation and has no toxic effect on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Lang ◽  
Mariia Melnykova ◽  
Michele Catania ◽  
Alicja Inglot ◽  
Aleksandra Zyss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fullerene Derivative ◽  
Industrial Biotechnology ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Chlorophyll Accumulation ◽  
Surface Modified

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (WT 2137) P. A. Dang. (Volvocales, Chlorophyceae) is a green microalgae serving as a suitable model in scientific research and a promising industrial biotechnology platform for production of biofuel, hydrogen and recombinant proteins. Fullerenes (C60) are allotropic carbon nanoparticles discovered in 1985 and used in biomedical studies since the early 1990s, when water solubilization methodologies were developed. Recently, surface-modified hydroxylated derivatives of fullerenes were proven to enhance algal growth and drought tolerance in plants. Here, a novel type of water-soluble [60]fullerene derivative with 12 glycine residues (GF) has been synthesized and tested for acute toxicity (up to 50 µg/ml) and as a potential biostimulant of algal growth. The effects of GF on pigment composition and growth rate of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were systematically investigated. Our results suggest that GF was not toxic, and no negative change in the pigment content and no stress symptoms were observed. No changes in the photosynthetic parameters based on the fluorescence of chlorophyll a in Photosystem II (NPQ, Fv/Fm, Fv/F0, PI and RC/ABS) were observed. The GF had no effect on cell size and growth rate. At a concentration of 20 µg/ml, GF stimulated chlorophyll accumulation in 3-day-old cultures.

scholarly journals Influence of the Active Layer Structure on the Photovoltaic Performance of Water-Soluble Polythiophene-Based Solar Cells

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1640
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Lanzi ◽  
Debora Quadretti ◽  
Martina Marinelli ◽  
Yasamin Ziai ◽  
Elisabetta Salatelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Photovoltaic Performance ◽  
Phase Segregation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
Fullerene Derivative ◽  
C60 Fullerene ◽  
Photovoltaic Efficiency ◽  
Single Material

A new side-chain C60-fullerene functionalized thiophene copolymer bearing tributylphosphine-substituted hexylic lateral groups was successfully synthesized by means of a fast and effective post-polymerization reaction on a regioregular ω-alkylbrominated polymeric precursor. The growth of the polymeric intermediate was followed by NMR spectrometry in order to determine the most convenient reaction time. The obtained copolymer was soluble in water and polar solvents and was used as a photoactive layer in single-material organic photovoltaic (OPV) solar cells. The copolymer photovoltaic efficiency was compared with that of an OPV cell containing a water-soluble polythiophenic homopolymer, functionalized with the same tributylphosphine-substituted hexylic side chains, in a blend with a water-soluble C60-fullerene derivative. The use of a water-soluble double-cable copolymer made it possible to enhance the control on the nanomorphology of the active blend, thus reducing phase-segregation phenomena, as well as the macroscale separation between the electron acceptor and donor components. Indeed, the power conversion efficiency of OPV cells based on a single material was higher than that obtained with the classical architecture, involving the presence of two distinct ED and EA materials (PCE: 3.11% vs. 2.29%, respectively). Moreover, the synthetic procedure adopted to obtain single material-based cells is more straightforward and easier than that used for the preparation of the homopolymer-based BHJ solar cell, thus making it possible to completely avoid the long synthetic pathway which is required to prepare water-soluble fullerene derivatives.

Enhancement of Hydrocarbon Productivity of Botryococcus braunii by an Adenine Type Phytohormone

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 397-400
Author(s):  
Jun Zhi Liu ◽  
Ya Ming Ge ◽  
Guang Ming Tian
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Botryococcus Braunii ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Algae Biofuels ◽  
Hydrocarbon Content ◽  
Algal Growth Rate ◽  
Hydrocarbon Productivity

This study examined the effects of an adenine-type cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) on the growth and metabolism characteristics of Botryococcus braunii, one of the most promising oil-rich algae for biofuel production. The results showed that 6-BA of low dose (0.1-1.0 mg L-1) would enhance the algal growth rate and biochemical synthesis, whereas too much (5.0 mg L-1) would be lethally toxic for B. braunii. Noticingly, though the maximum algal growth rate, chlorophyll and β-carotenoid content were observed in the treatment with 0.5 and/or 1.0 mg L-1 6-BA, both the maximum algal hydrocarbon content and the highest hydrocarbon productivity were observed in the treatment with 0.1 mg L-1 6-BA, which were respectively 2.45 and 3.48 times of the control (39.1% vs. 16.0%, 546 mg L-1 vs. 157 mg L-1). This finding has great implications for improving algae biofuels production by phytohormone.

Specific growth rate of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlorella sorokiniana under medium duration light/dark cycles: 13–87 s

1999 ◽  
Vol 70 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 323-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Janssen ◽  
Tjibbe Chris Kuijpers ◽  
Bram Veldhoen ◽  
Michel Brik Ternbach ◽  
Johannes Tramper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Chlorella Sorokiniana

scholarly journals Pigment Production under Cold Stress in the Green Microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 564
Author(s):  
Supakorn Potijun ◽  
Chonlada Yaisamlee ◽  
Anchalee Sirikhachornkit
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Increase Production Efficiency ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Stress Acclimation ◽  
Chlorophyll Accumulation ◽  
In The Wild

Microalgae have long been used for the commercial production of natural colorants such as carotenoids and chlorophyll. Due to the rising demand for carotenoids and other natural products from microalgae, strategies to increase production efficiency are urgently needed. The production of microalgal biorefineries has been limited to countries with moderate climates. For countries with cooler climates and less daylight, methodologies for the efficient production of microalgal biorefineries need to be investigated. Algal strains that can be safely consumed as whole cells are also attractive alternatives for developing as carotenoid supplements, which can also contain other compounds with health benefits. Using such strains helps to eliminate the need for hazardous solvents for extraction and several other complicated steps. In this study, the mesophilic green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was employed to study the effects of cold stress on cell physiology and the production of pigments and storage compounds. The results showed that temperatures between 10 and 20 °C induced carotenoid and chlorophyll accumulation in the wild-type strain of C. reinhardtii. Interestingly, the increased level of carotenoids suggested that they might play a crucial role in cold stress acclimation. A temperature of 15 °C resulted in the highest carotenoid and chlorophyll productivity. At this temperature, carotenoid and chlorophyll productivity was 2 times and 1.3 times higher than at 25 °C, respectively. Subjecting a mutant defective in lutein and zeaxanthin accumulation to cold stress revealed that these two carotenoids are not essential for cold stress survival. Therefore, cold temperature could be used as a strategy to induce and increase the productivity of pigments in C. reinhardtii.

Genotoxic Effect of a New Water-Soluble Fullerene Derivative C70 and its Effect on the Transcriptional Activity of Genes that Regulate the Cell Cycle, DNA Repair and Apoptosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 1031 ◽  
pp. 222-227
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Savinova ◽  
Elizaveta S. Ershova ◽  
Olga A. Kraevaya ◽  
Pavel A. Troshin ◽  
S.V. Kostyuk
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Lung Fibroblasts ◽  
Fullerene Derivative ◽  
Embryonic Lung ◽  
Dna Breaks ◽  
Human Embryonic Lung ◽  
Fullerene Derivatives ◽  
Cellular Dna

It is important to take into consideration the new fullerene derivatives genotoxicity. In the present is study, we analyzed the new water-soluble fullerene C70 (F350) effects on the human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HELF) oxidative damage and DNA breaks. We found that the studied compound causes cellular DNA damage and affects the transcriptional activity of cell cycle and cell apoptosis regulating genes.

scholarly journals Response of Bromus valdivianus (Pasture Brome) Growth and Physiology to Defoliation Frequency Based on Leaf Stage Development

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2058
Author(s):  
Iván P. Ordóñez ◽  
Ignacio F. López ◽  
Peter D. Kemp ◽  
Daniel J. Donaghy ◽  
Yongmei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Stage Development ◽  
Defoliation Frequency ◽  
Root Growth Rate

The increase in drought events due to climate change have enhanced the relevance of species with greater tolerance or avoidance traits to water restriction periods, such as Bromus valdivianus Phil. (B. valdivianus). In southern Chile, B. valdivianus and Lolium perenne L. (L. perenne) coexist; however, the pasture defoliation criterion is based on the physiological growth and development of L. perenne. It is hypothesised that B. valdivianus needs a lower defoliation frequency than L. perenne to enhance its regrowth and energy reserves. Defoliation frequencies tested were based on B. valdivianus leaf stage 2 (LS-2), leaf stage 3 (LS-3), leaf stage 4 (LS-4) and leaf stage 5 (LS-5). The leaf stage development of Lolium perenne was monitored and contrasted with that of B. valdivianus. The study was conducted in a glasshouse and used a randomised complete block design. For Bromus valdivianus, the lamina length, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, tiller number per plant, leaf area, leaf weights, root growth rate, water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) and starch were evaluated. Bromus valdivianus maintained six live leaves with three leaves growing simultaneously. When an individual tiller started developing its seventh leaf, senescence began for the second leaf (the first relevant leaf for photosynthesis). Plant herbage mass, the root growth rate and tiller growth were maximised at LS-4 onwards. The highest leaf elongation rate, evaluated through the slope of the lamina elongation curve of a fully expanded leaf, was verified at LS-4. The water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) increased at LS-5; however, no statistical differences were found in LS-4. The LS-3 and LS-2 treatments showed a detrimental effect on WSCs and regrowth. The leaf photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance diminished while the leaf age increased. In conclusion, B. valdivianus is a ‘six-leaf’ species with leaf senescence beginning at LS-4.25. Defoliation at LS-4 and LS-5 was optimum for plant regrowth, maximising the aboveground plant parameters and total WSC accumulation. The LS-4 for B. valdivianus was equivalent to LS-3.5 for L. perenne. No differences related to tiller population in B. valdivianus were found in the different defoliation frequencies.

scholarly journals Influence of temperature processing on the constitutive and inducible resistance of rye seedlings to chloride salinization

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
L. A. Chudinova ◽  
◽  
D. R. Yusupov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Thermal Pretreatment ◽  
Thermal Hardening ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Inducible Synthesis

We studied the growth rate of rye seedlings, as well as the dynamics of the content of soluble proteins and proline in the shoots during their adaptation to sharp (300 mM NaCl once, exposure time 9 days) and gradual (100 mM NaCl, then 100 mM NaCl after 2 days to the final concentration of 400 mM) salinity with sodium chloride in the presence or absence of thermal hardening (+40°C, 3 h). The established dy-namics of the content of proline and soluble proteins in the shoots suggests that the formation of re-sistance to salinity is determined by the high constitutive level of proline, as well as the stress-inducible synthesis of proline and water-soluble proteins. Thermal pretreatment of the seedlings stimulated their constitutive stability to a greater extent. The detected metabolic changes are obviously related to one of the possible mechanisms of the protective effect of thermal hardening on subsequent salinization.

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