Influence of temperature processing on the constitutive and inducible resistance of rye seedlings to chloride salinization

We studied the growth rate of rye seedlings, as well as the dynamics of the content of soluble proteins and proline in the shoots during their adaptation to sharp (300 mM NaCl once, exposure time 9 days) and gradual (100 mM NaCl, then 100 mM NaCl after 2 days to the final concentration of 400 mM) salinity with sodium chloride in the presence or absence of thermal hardening (+40°C, 3 h). The established dy-namics of the content of proline and soluble proteins in the shoots suggests that the formation of re-sistance to salinity is determined by the high constitutive level of proline, as well as the stress-inducible synthesis of proline and water-soluble proteins. Thermal pretreatment of the seedlings stimulated their constitutive stability to a greater extent. The detected metabolic changes are obviously related to one of the possible mechanisms of the protective effect of thermal hardening on subsequent salinization.

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Analysis of water-soluble proteins and peptides from Bt-transgenic and non-transgenic maize varieties by capillary electrophoresis

Collection Symposium Series ◽

10.1135/css200911110 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Petra Sázelová ◽

Václav Kašička ◽

Elena Ibañez ◽

Alejandro Cifuentes

Keyword(s):

Capillary Electrophoresis ◽

Soluble Proteins ◽

Transgenic Maize ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

Proteins And Peptides

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Modeling the Effects of Temperature, Sodium Chloride, and Green Tea and Their Interactions on the Thermal Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes in Turkey†

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-124 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 77 (10) ◽

pp. 1696-1702 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

VIJAY K. JUNEJA ◽

JIMENA GARCIA-DÁVILA ◽

JULIO CESAR LOPEZ-ROMERO ◽

ETNA AIDA PENA-RAMOS ◽

JUAN PEDRO CAMOU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Sodium Chloride ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Heat Resistance ◽

Green Tea ◽

Thermal Inactivation ◽

Heating Temperature ◽

Lethal Effect ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

D Values

The interactive effects of heating temperature (55 to 65°C), sodium chloride (NaCl; 0 to 2%), and green tea 60% polyphenol extract (GTPE; 0 to 3%) on the heat resistance of a five-strain mixture of Listeria monocytogenes in ground turkey were determined. Thermal death times were quantified in bags that were submerged in a circulating water bath set at 55, 57, 60, 63, and 65°C. The recovery medium was tryptic soy agar supplemented with 0.6% yeast extract and 1% sodium pyruvate. D-values were analyzed by second-order response surface regression for temperature, NaCl, and GTPE. The data indicated that all three factors interacted to affect the inactivation of the pathogen. The D-values for turkey with no NaCl or GTPE at 55, 57, 60, 63, and 65°C were 36.3, 20.8, 13.2, 4.1, and 2.9 min, respectively. Although NaCl exhibited a concentration-dependent protective effect against heat lethality on L. monocytogenes in turkey, addition of GTPE rendered the pathogen more sensitive to the lethal effect of heat. GTPE levels up to 1.5% interacted with NaCl and reduced the protective effect of NaCl on heat resistance of the pathogen. Food processors can use the predictive model to design an appropriate heat treatment that would inactivate L. monocytogenes in cooked turkey products without adversely affecting the quality of the product.

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THE SOLUBLE PROTEINS OF THE MUSCLE TISSUE OF THE HADDOCK

Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries ◽

10.1139/f31-001 ◽

1931 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. F. LOGAN

Keyword(s):

Sodium Chloride ◽

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Muscle Tissue ◽

Soluble Protein ◽

Potassium Phosphate ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Tabular Form ◽

Water Soluble Protein ◽

Isoelectric Points

As a contribution to the chemistry of muscle tissue, the solubility of the protein of haddock muscle in aqueous solutions of sodium chloride and neutral potassium phosphate, respectively, was determined. The results are expressed in tabular form and graphically in the form of solubility curves. A water-soluble protein and also a salt-soluble protein were isolated from dialyzed haddock muscle by extraction methods. These proteins were obtained in a comparatively pure condition by precipitation from solution in the region of their isoelectric points.

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The cellular basis of corneal transparency: evidence for ‘corneal crystallins’

Journal of Cell Science ◽

10.1242/jcs.112.5.613 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 112 (5) ◽

pp. 613-622 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J.V. Jester ◽

T. Moller-Pedersen ◽

J. Huang ◽

C.M. Sax ◽

W.T. Kays ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cellular Level ◽

Soluble Proteins ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Corneal Tissue ◽

Corneal Epithelial Cells ◽

Corneal Epithelial ◽

Corneal Transparency ◽

Scattering Measurements ◽

Class 1

In vivo corneal light scattering measurements using a novel confocal microscope demonstrated greatly increased backscatter from corneal stromal fibrocytes (keratocytes) in opaque compared to transparent corneal tissue in both humans and rabbits. Additionally, two water-soluble proteins, transketolase (TKT) and aldehyde dehydrogenase class 1 (ALDH1), isolated from rabbit keratocytes showed unexpectedly abundant expression (approximately 30% of the soluble protein) in transparent corneas and markedly reduced levels in opaque scleral fibroblasts or keratocytes from hazy, freeze injured regions of the cornea. Together these data suggest that the relatively high expressions of TKT and ALDH1 contribute to corneal transparency in the rabbit at the cellular level, reminiscent of enzyme-crystallins in the lens. We also note that ALDH1 accumulates in the rabbit corneal epithelial cells, rather than ALDH3 as seen in other mammals, consistent with the taxon-specificity observed among lens enzyme-crystallins. Our results suggest that corneal cells, like lens cells, may preferentially express water-soluble proteins, often enzymes, for controlling their optical properties.

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Improvement of Functional Properties of Fish Water Soluble Proteins with Glucose-6-phosphate through the Maillard Reaction

Fisheries Science ◽

10.2331/fishsci.65.618 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 618-622 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mita Wahyuni ◽

Shoichiro Ishizaki ◽

Munehiko Tanaka

Keyword(s):

Functional Properties ◽

Maillard Reaction ◽

Soluble Proteins ◽

Water Soluble

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Quantitative Interaction Effects of Carbon Dioxide, Sodium Chloride, and Sodium Nitrite on Neurotoxin Gene Expression in Nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum Type B

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.70.5.2928-2934.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 70 (5) ◽

pp. 2928-2934 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Maria Lövenklev ◽

Ingrid Artin ◽

Oskar Hagberg ◽

Elisabeth Borch ◽

Elisabet Holst ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Growth Rate ◽

Sodium Chloride ◽

Optical Density ◽

Sodium Nitrite ◽

Clostridium Botulinum ◽

Lag Phase ◽

Type B ◽

Phase Duration

ABSTRACT The effects of carbon dioxide, sodium chloride, and sodium nitrite on type B botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT/B) gene (cntB) expression in nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum were investigated in a tryptone-peptone-yeast extract (TPY) medium. Various concentrations of these selected food preservatives were studied by using a complete factorial design in order to quantitatively study interaction effects, as well as main effects, on the following responses: lag phase duration (LPD), growth rate, relative cntB expression, and extracellular BoNT/B production. Multiple linear regression was used to set up six statistical models to quantify and predict these responses. All combinations of NaCl and NaNO2 in the growth medium resulted in a prolonged lag phase duration and in a reduction in the specific growth rate. In contrast, the relative BoNT/B gene expression was unchanged, as determined by the cntB-specific quantitative reverse transcription-PCR method. This was confirmed when we measured the extracellular BoNT/B concentration by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CO2 was found to have a major effect on gene expression when the cntB mRNA levels were monitored in the mid-exponential, late exponential, and late stationary growth phases. The expression of cntB relative to the expression of the 16S rRNA gene was stimulated by an elevated CO2 concentration; the cntB mRNA level was fivefold greater in a 70% CO2 atmosphere than in a 10% CO2 atmosphere. These findings were also confirmed when we analyzed the extracellular BoNT/B concentration; we found that the concentrations were 27 ng · ml−1 · unit of optical density−1 in the 10% CO2 atmosphere and 126 ng · ml−1 · unit of optical density−1 in the 70% CO2 atmosphere.

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Selective Transport of Water-Soluble Proteins from Aqueous to Ionic Liquid Phase via a Temperature-Sensitive Phase Change of These Mixtures

Australian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1071/ch12282 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 65 (11) ◽

pp. 1548 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Yuki Kohno ◽

Nobuhumi Nakamura ◽

Hiroyuki Ohno

Keyword(s):

Phase Change ◽

Aqueous Phase ◽

Selective Dissolution ◽

Selective Extraction ◽

Soluble Proteins ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Temperature Sensitive ◽

Salting Out ◽

Key Factor ◽

The Difference

Mixtures of some ionic liquids (ILs) and water show reversible phase change between a homogeneous mixture and phase-separated state by a small change in temperature. Some water-soluble proteins have been migrated from the aqueous to the IL phase. When tetrabutylphosphonium 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonate was used as an IL, cytochrome c (Cyt.c) was found to be extracted from the water phase to the IL phase. Conversely, both horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and azurin remained in the aqueous phase. This selective extraction was comprehended to be due to the difference in solubility of these proteins in both phases. The separated aqueous phase contained a small amount of IL, which induced the salting-out of Cyt.c. On the other hand, condensed IL phase promoted the salting-in of Cyt.c. As a result, Cyt.c was preferably dissolved in the hydrated IL phase rather than aqueous phase. In the case of HRP, there was only a salting-out profile upon increasing the concentration of IL, which induced selective dissolution of HRP in the aqueous phase. These results clearly suggest that the profile of salting-out and salting-in for proteins is the key factor to facilitate the selective extraction of proteins from aqueous to the IL phase.

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Response of Bromus valdivianus (Pasture Brome) Growth and Physiology to Defoliation Frequency Based on Leaf Stage Development

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11102058 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2058

Author(s):

Iván P. Ordóñez ◽

Ignacio F. López ◽

Peter D. Kemp ◽

Daniel J. Donaghy ◽

Yongmei Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Root Growth ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Soluble Carbohydrates ◽

Leaf Stage ◽

Water Soluble Carbohydrates ◽

Stage Development ◽

Defoliation Frequency ◽

Root Growth Rate

The increase in drought events due to climate change have enhanced the relevance of species with greater tolerance or avoidance traits to water restriction periods, such as Bromus valdivianus Phil. (B. valdivianus). In southern Chile, B. valdivianus and Lolium perenne L. (L. perenne) coexist; however, the pasture defoliation criterion is based on the physiological growth and development of L. perenne. It is hypothesised that B. valdivianus needs a lower defoliation frequency than L. perenne to enhance its regrowth and energy reserves. Defoliation frequencies tested were based on B. valdivianus leaf stage 2 (LS-2), leaf stage 3 (LS-3), leaf stage 4 (LS-4) and leaf stage 5 (LS-5). The leaf stage development of Lolium perenne was monitored and contrasted with that of B. valdivianus. The study was conducted in a glasshouse and used a randomised complete block design. For Bromus valdivianus, the lamina length, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, tiller number per plant, leaf area, leaf weights, root growth rate, water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) and starch were evaluated. Bromus valdivianus maintained six live leaves with three leaves growing simultaneously. When an individual tiller started developing its seventh leaf, senescence began for the second leaf (the first relevant leaf for photosynthesis). Plant herbage mass, the root growth rate and tiller growth were maximised at LS-4 onwards. The highest leaf elongation rate, evaluated through the slope of the lamina elongation curve of a fully expanded leaf, was verified at LS-4. The water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) increased at LS-5; however, no statistical differences were found in LS-4. The LS-3 and LS-2 treatments showed a detrimental effect on WSCs and regrowth. The leaf photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance diminished while the leaf age increased. In conclusion, B. valdivianus is a ‘six-leaf’ species with leaf senescence beginning at LS-4.25. Defoliation at LS-4 and LS-5 was optimum for plant regrowth, maximising the aboveground plant parameters and total WSC accumulation. The LS-4 for B. valdivianus was equivalent to LS-3.5 for L. perenne. No differences related to tiller population in B. valdivianus were found in the different defoliation frequencies.

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