Environmental Рollution by Рharmaceuticals

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
I.N. Lykov ◽  
S.A. Kusacheva ◽  
M.E. Safronova ◽  
A.Yu. Loginova
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Wide Range

The global use of pharmaceuticals is constantly growing and leads to water contamination with xenobiotic compounds with a wide range of biological activity. Most pharmaceutical products that are widely used in medicine and veterinary medicine are constantly discharged into domestic wastewater in unchanged form or as active metabolites. These medications include hormones, antibiotics, analgesics, antidepressants, and antitumor medications. Treatment plants are not able to effectively remove these compounds from wastewater, which contributes to their migration to freshwater ecosystems. With a long half-life, pharmaceuticals can accumulate in the environment, reaching biologically active levels. The presence of pharmaceuticals in aquatic ecosystems can lead to unpredictable environmental consequences and reactions and can also have a negative impact on human health. In the Russian scientific literature, very little attention is paid to the problem of environmental pollution by pharmaceuticals. Therefore, this review article discusses the main sources of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites, the fate of these compounds in the aquatic environment, their impact on human health and aquatic biocenoses.

CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF PREPARATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SORPTION-DETOXIFYING COMPLEXES FOR AGRICULTURAL ANIMALS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
L.L. Zakharova ◽  
◽  
G.A. Zhorov ◽  
V.I. Dorozhkin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Combined Pollution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Criteria For Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Negative impact on the environment as a result of economic activity of man increasingly becomes the character of combined pollution of ecotoxicants, including xenobiotics of radiation and chemical nature. In animal husbandry in ecologically unfavorable regions, sorbtion-detoxication technologies based on the complex application of bioprotective substances of different origin are used to reduce the intake and accumulation of xenobiotics, to normalize the physiological state of animals and to obtain safe products. It is necessary to observe certain principles ensuring compatibility of components, a wide range of bioprotective action, efficiency and safety at their use in developing the compositions of such sorption-detoxifying complexes. The article substantiates the criteria that should be followed in creating sorption-detoxifying complexes and presents groups of drugs with different mechanisms of action (sorbents, antioxidants, immunomodulators, adaptogens and other biologically active substances) for inclusion in the formulations of combined compositions.

scholarly journals Nutraceuticals in Human Health

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Durazzo ◽  
Massimo Lucarini ◽  
Antonello Santini
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Concerted Action ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Efficacy Studies

The combined and concerted action of nutrient and biologically active compounds is flagged as an indicator of a “possible beneficial role” for health. The use and applications of bioactive components cover a wide range of fields, in particular the nutraceuticals. In this context, the Special Issue entitled “Nutraceuticals in Human Health” is focused on the all aspects around the nutraceuticals, ranging from analytical aspects to clinical trials, from efficacy studies to beneficial effects on health status.

Biologically active metabolites from Agelas mauritiana

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fathi-Afshar ◽  
T. M. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Data ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Adrenergic Blockade ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Antagonistic Action ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Biologically Active Metabolites

Two novel bicyclic diterpenoides, agelasimine-A (9), and agelasimine-B (10), have been isolated from the orange sponge Agelas mauritiana. Also, a new bromine-containing alkaloid, 5-debromomidpacamide (12), along with midpacamide (13) and methyl N-methyl-4,5-dibromopyrrole-2-carboxylate (11), has been isolated. The structures were determined by interpretation of their spectral data. Agelasimine-A and -B exhibit a wide range of interesting biological activities such as cytotoxicity, inhibition of adenosine transfer into rabbit erythrocytes, Ca2+-channel antagonistic action, and α1 adrenergic blockade.

The use of dry garlic powder as a phytobiotic to increase the efficiency of cultivation the fries of Stenodus leucichthys nelma (Pallas) in aquaculture

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Sergey Nicolaevich Udintsev ◽  
Tatiana Petrovna Zhilyakova ◽  
Gleb Victorovich Kinev
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ocean Basin ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Garlic Powder ◽  
Freshwater Aquaculture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds

Nelma is traditionally considered to be a delicious fish, which is no worse to sturgeons in its taste. In Russia, nelma in natural conditions lives in the rivers of Arctic Ocean basin and the Northwest region and is one of the objects promising for freshwater aquaculture, especially in Siberia. To improve the efficiency of fish cultivation in aquaculture, the preparations based on food and medicinal plants — phytobiotics or phytogenics are now widely used. These preparations do not contribute to the formation of resistant strains of microorganisms, the accumulation of toxic metabolites in the tissues of aquaculture objects and do not have a negative impact on the environment. One of the plants most commonly applied for this purpose is garlic. This famous vegetable has a wide range of phytochemical compounds that function in a complex and synergistic manner, exhibiting stress-regulating, antioxidant, immunomodulatory activity, and increase the efficiency of the digestive system. The effectiveness of the use of garlic preparations in aquaculture has been demonstrated in the cultivation of various types of commercial fish. In a present experiment, nelma fries were fed for a month with standard forage enriched with dried garlic powder in a various doses. The use of forage containing 30 g of garlic powder per 1 kg increased the survival of fish by 10% vs control. The inclusion of garlic powder to forage at a dose of 5 and 30 g per 1 kg increased the indicators of weight gain and the efficiency of weight gain by 39,8–41,9 and 37,3–40,0% vs control, respectively. The results obtained can be explained by the broad complex of biologically active phytochemical compounds of the additive.

scholarly journals Predation of Glossiphonia weberi (Blanchard, 1897) on the invasive snail Physella acuta (Draparnaud, 1805) in the presence of an alternative prey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
Pranesh Paul ◽  
Rupsha Karmakar ◽  
Swagata Chatterjee ◽  
Ankita Barua ◽  
Sampa Banerjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Prey Preference ◽  
Alternative Prey ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Physella Acuta

Abstract The North American freshwater snail Physella acuta has invaded and colonized a wide range of freshwater habitats, globally. Resembling other invasive species, P. acuta has several negative impacts on the invaded freshwater ecosystems, which calls for its regulation, preferably through biological control. The malacophagous leech Glossiphonia weberi, native to West Bengal, India, had been previously reported as a potential biocontrol agent of P. acuta. In this experiment, we observed the predation potential and prey preference of G. weberi on P. acuta in the presence of a native snail, Gyraulus convexiusculus. The results suggest that in all instances, G. weberi consumed less G. convexiusculus compared to P. acuta. In complex habitats, G. weberi showed significant prey preference to P. acuta except in the habitat characterized by the presence of pebbles. The complex habitats bear a significant (p < 0.05) negative impact only in the case of predation on P. acuta when present with conspecific but not in heterospecific prey conditions. Therefore, G. weberi qualifies as a useful biological control agent that can affect the colonization and expansion of the invasive snail P. acuta, even in the presence of alternative prey.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of fungal mycelial extracts from aquatic environments in the Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e273101018795
Author(s):  
Marta Rodrigues de Oliveira ◽  
Sarah Raquel Silveira da Silva Santiago ◽  
Ricardo de Melo Katak ◽  
Marlene Rodrigues Marcelino Camargo ◽  
Ivanildes dos Santos Bastos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Cytotoxicity Assay ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Alamar Blue ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Biologically Active Metabolites ◽  
Medical Interest

Fungi are a prolific source of biologically active metabolites, including a wide range of clinically important drugs. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of secondary metabolites extracted from fungal mycelia isolated from freshwater samples in the state of Amazonas. Mycelial extracts from 12 fungal were used, extracted with MeOH/AcOEt (1:1) according to the criteria established by Souza et al. (2004). For antimicrobial activity, the extracts were tested against the pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus feacalis, Candida albicans and C. tropicalis. To identify the minimum inhibitory dosage (MID) the microdilution method was used. To perform the cytotoxicity assay, the VERO strain (ATCC® CCL-81TM) was used. The assays were determined by the Alamar Blue method according to Ahmed et al. (1994). The tested extracts did not show antibacterial activity. Five extracts (41.7%), obtained from the fungi Aspergillus - 1283, Chrysoporther - 1169, Diaporther – 1203, Fusarium – 1085, and Trichoderma, showed antifungal activity against C. albicans. Diaporther extract (8.3%) - 1203 was active against C. tropicalis.  In the cytotoxicity assay, 58.3% of the evaluated extracts showed no significant toxic effect. Five extracts, Cladosporium - 1135, Chrysoporther - 1169, Cytospora - 1098, Fusarium - 1085, and Talaromyces - 1244, showed cytotoxic potential, exhibiting viability lower than 70%. The results obtained suggest that mycelial extracts of fungi isolated from water samples from the Amazon region have potential against yeasts of medical interest. Only two of the active extracts were revealed potentially cytotoxic.

Physico-chemical analysis of flowers and sloes of blackthorn – the shrub from which the name of the town of Tarnow originates

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-124
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Martowicz ◽  
Magdalena Kosiba
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Atr Spectroscopy ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

The study analyzed the shrub, from which the city of Tarnow probably derives its name. Flowers and fruits of sloes have been known for years for their medicinal properties. They are characterized by high pharmacological activity, due to the richness of biologically active compounds. Drinks, solution, and teas have long been used to alleviate many ailments. Thus, the physico-chemical analysis of blackthorn, both intenflowers (dried) and fruit (fresh and dried), was based on the content of components relevant to human health. Tarninówka tea, composed mainly of sloes, was also analyzed. The detailed objective was to examine the content of vitamin C and compare its amount in the infusion of dried sloe blossom, “compote”, in frozen fruit and “Tarninówka” tea. Additionally, in the flowers, fruits and “Tarninówka” tea also included anthocyanins, tannins and oxalates. The content of all analyzed factors is extremely important for the health of the consumer. However, anthocyanins and tannins have pro-health properties. Oxalates, however, are anti-nutrition, that is, they have a negative impact on human health. The latter was indicated in “Tarninówka” tea while checking whether the time and method of brewing tea can affect the final content of oxalate in the consumed beverage. The analyses used titrimetric methods (iodometry and Tillman’s method) as well as spectroscopic methods (UV VIS and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy).

scholarly journals TRENDS IN THE FORMATION OF THE DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS MARKET IN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.L KVACHAKHIA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Domestic Products ◽  
Total Sales

Today, the Russian pharmaceutical market is one of the most actively developing, which is due to the high importance of pharmaceutical products in maintaining and improving the health of the population. At the same time, the market of biologically active additives (BAA), the use of which is aimed at improving health, is among the relatively new directions in this market. The popularity of dietary supplements is due to the promotion of a healthy lifestyle and life and the strengthening of opinion about the role of dietary supplements in its maintenance. In the course of the study, the analysis of indicators of the dynamics and structure of sales of dietary supplements in Russia in 2015-2019 was carried out, to identify the main trends and their causes. It has been established that today the BAA market as an integral part of the Russian pharmaceutical market is gradually developing. The change in the foreign policy situation against the background of the conflict with Ukraine led to a recession in all industries, including the pharmaceutical market. However, the negative impact of these events on the market development manifested itself only in 2017-2018. At the same time, by 2019 the total sales in this market are 63.4 million rubles, and in physical terms - 324 million units. In value terms, more than 50% of the sold dietary supplements are imported, however, when studying the situation in kind, it was revealed that more than 80% of the sold packages are domestic. This indicates that domestic products are most popular in the domestic dietary supplement market, which is due to their lower cost compared to imported dietary supplements.

scholarly journals Dopamine docking studies of biologically active metabolites from Curcuma longa L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e59910716992
Author(s):  
Danilo Magnani Bernardi ◽  
Juliana Pelissari Marchi ◽  
Cintia de Souza Alferes Araújo ◽  
Vanessa Rodrigues do Nascimento ◽  
Diego de Souza Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Dopamine Receptors ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Docking Study ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Molecular Docking Study ◽  
Wide Range

The dopaminergic system is involved in a wide range of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. The lack of receptor subtype specificity is related to several pharmacological side effects that are observed during therapy among parkinsonian and schizophrenic patients. It is of paramount importance to search for new compounds that act on dopamine receptors with therapeutic potential, higher clinical effectiveness, and fewer adverse effects. In the present study, we performed a molecular docking study of D2, D3, and D4 receptor interactions with 92 metabolites from Curcuma longa using an in silico approach. We sought to identify compounds for possible drug development. A virtual library of compounds was built using molecules that were identified in the phytochemical characterization of C. longa. Protocols that were validated by redocking were applied to a virtual scan of this library using the Autodock-v4.2.3, Autodock Vina, and Molegro-v6.0 Virtual Docker programs, with four repetitions each. The three-dimensional structures of D2, D3, and D4 receptors in complex with risperidone, eticlopride, and nemonapride were obtained from the Protein Data Bank. Four compounds—stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, cholest-5-en-3-one, and cholestan-3-ol,2-methylene-(3β, 5α)—were the most likely to bind D2, D3, and D4 dopamine receptors, suggesting their potential for possible drug development.

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