Rate of Release of Rhynchophorol Pheromone in Relation to Attraction of Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.) (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) in Oil Palm Plantations in Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-498
Author(s):  
Rosa Cecilia Aldana-De La Torre ◽  
Luis Guillermo Montes-Bazurto ◽  
Alex Enrique Bustillo-Pardey
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Rhynchophorus Palmarum ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Pheromone Release Rates

Abstract Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.) (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) is an important pest in oil palm plantations, and its populations are monitored through rhynchophorol pheromone-baited traps. To optimize the release of rhynchophorol in high-density polyethylene diffusers, five calibers (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6) were evaluated. The experiment was conducted under a completely randomized design with 15 repetitions, recording daily weight loss of pheromones. Release rate of pheromone under laboratory conditions (30.2 ± 0.1°C; 70.8 ± 0.8% relative humidity [RH]) varied between 2.2 and 10.4 mg/day. Three diffusers with 2.4 ± 0.4, 3.6 ± 0.9, and 8.5 ± 1.3 mg/day of release rates, were selected for testing in three palm-growing zones. Adults of R. palmarum captured in traps with different diffusers were counted as well as pheromone weight loss. In two of three plantations, statistical differences were found in the capture of R. palmarum adults among the diffusers that presented different pheromone release rates (Eastern: F = 8.27; df = 2, 9; P = 0.0028; Central: F = 10.79; df = 2, 9; P = 0.0008; Southwestern F= 2.20; df = 2, 9; P= 0.1402). The diffuser with the release rate of 2.4 mg/day was selected because, after remaining 4 mo in the field, the traps with this diffuser registered catches statistically equal to those that had traps with newly installed diffusers. We concluded that the release rate of the pheromone of 2.4 mg/day is optimal for the capture of adults of R. palmarum during a period of 4 mo.

PERCEPATAN PENGOMPOSAN TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (TKKS) DENGAN PEMBERIAN UREA (Acceleration Composting Empty Fruit Bunches (Efb) With The Application Of Urea)

AgriPeat ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Journal Journal
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Compost Application ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Total P

                                                                                                                                   ABSTRAK Kelapa sawit merupakan tanaman perkebunan yang memegang peranan penting dalam industri pangan. Luas perkebunan kelapa sawit di Indonesia pada tahun 2014 mencapai 10 juta Ha. Pertumbuhan yang pesat diikuti dengan produksi crude palm oil (CPO) dan palm karnel oil (PKO) yang juga meningkat, sekaligus produk sampingan berupa limbah. Salah satu limbah pabrik kelapa sawit yang jumlahnya besar adalah tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS). Tandan kosong kelapa sawit merupakan limbah organik yang berpotensi dimanfaatkan dibidang pertanian. Akan tetapi, TKKS memiliki nilai C/N yang cukup tinggi, akibatnya sukar dan lama untuk terdekomposisi. Salah satu cara pemanfaatan TKKS adalah dengan dilakukan pengomposan dengan pengkayaan urea. Diharapkan dengan perlakuan tersebut TKKS akan cepat terdekomposisi dan dapat segera dimanfaatkan oleh tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui pengaruh pemberian urea terhadap pengomposan TKKS dan (2) mengetahui pengaruh peningkatan dosis urea terhadap kualitas kompos TKKS. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktor tunggal dengan 5 perlakuan, yaitu U1 (urea 0 g setara dengan nilai C/N=), U2 (urea 30,9 g setara dengan nilai C/N=), U3 (urea 79,3 g setara dengan nilai C/N=), U4 (urea 176,1 g setara dengan nilai C/N=) dan U5 (urea 466,3 g setara dengan C/N = ) dan 9 ulangan, sehingga diperoleh 45 satuan percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemberian urea berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap susut bobot, kadar air, nilai pH kompos, C-organik, N-total, P-tersedia, dan nilai C/N, selain itu pemberian urea mengakibatkan terjadi perubahan tekstur dan warna pada kompos TKKS. Pemberian dosis urea 466,3 g mampu meningkatkan kandungan N-total, serta menurunkan nilai C/N dan nilai pH kompos. Pemberian dosis urea 79,3 g atau setara dengan C/N = mampu meningkatkan kandungan P-tersedia dan kadar air, menurunkan susut bobot dan kandungan C-organik, serta menunjukan perubahan tekstur dan warna yang lebih baik. Kata kunci: tanda kosongkelapa sawit (TKSS), kompos, urea                                                                                                                                        ABSTRACT Empty fruit bunches (EFB) is a solid wastes produced in large quantity from palm oil industry. Empty fruit bunches can be used as compost material, additionally difficult to decompose because it contain cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, as well as value of ratio C/N is high. Use EFB as compost material through the provision of urea has been done in this research. Urea are expected to reduce the value of ratio C/N and became a starter for microbial decomposers. The purpose of this research were (1) to determine the effect of urea on composting of EFB and (2) to determine the effect of increasing doses of urea to the quality of compost of EFB. This research was used a single factor of Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments, namely U1 (urea 0 g), U2 (urea 30,9 g), U3 (urea 79,3 g), U4 (urea 176,1 g), and U5 (urea 466,3 g), and 9 replications, until result 45 experimental units. The result showed that urea significant effect on weight loss, water content, value of pH compost, C-organic, N-total, P-available, and value of ratio C/N, besides urea resulted Widodoe, K. dkk Percepatan Pengomposan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit…..…. 114 in a change in texture and color on the compost EFB. Application of urea 466,3 g was able to increase the content of N-total, reduce the value of ratio C/N and the value of pH compost. Application of urea 79,3 g can improve the content of P-available and water content, reduce the weight loss and the content of C-organic, and showed the changes in texture and color as better. Keywords: empty fruit bunches, compost, urea

scholarly journals The effect of organic fertilizer chicken on the growth of papaya plants in palm oil plantation: a case study of Naga Sari Village, Mestong, Muaro Jambi District

2021 ◽  
Vol 894 (1) ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
A T Maryani ◽  
N Mirna ◽  
F F Bahar
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Abstract The use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture has caused soil degradation and is harmful to human health. Organic fertilizers made from animal waste have received worldwide attention because they are not detrimental to health or the environment. This paper describes the effect of using organic fertilizers from chicken manure on the growth of papaya plants. A completely randomized design was used in this study using two factors and three repetitions; the variations of the fertilizers given were 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 g. This study informed that organic chicken manure had a significant effect on the growth of oil palm and papaya plants. The best growth is oil palm and papaya plants given 200 g of organic fertilizer from chicken manure.

Evaluation of Pheromone Dispensers for Use in Gypsy Moth Detection (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)2

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Leonhardt ◽  
V. C. Mastro ◽  
E. D. DeVilbiss
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Pheromone Release ◽  
Male Moth ◽  
Effective Attraction ◽  
Pheromone Dispensers ◽  
Pheromone Release Rates ◽  
Pheromone Release Rate

Seven controlled-release dispenser formulations containing 500 μg of gypsy moth pheromone (+)-disparlure, were compared in laboratory and field tests. Pheromone release rates, residual pheromone contents, and male moth captures in traps baited with the dispensers were compared following pre-aging of the dispensers in a greenhouse at 35 °C for 0, 4, 12, and 16 wk. The laminate dispenser, now used in USDA detection traps, became less attractive over time as its pheromone release rate and content dropped below the threshold values previously reported as necessary for effective attraction. A polyvinyl chloride coated twine dispenser produced high male moth captures and gave release rates and residual contents above these thresholds (30 ng/h release rate and 100 μg content) at all aging periods. The tube-A dispenser was the most effective of the new commercially prepared formulations, followed by the membrane and tube-B whose male moth captures and release rates tended to increase with aging time. The capsule and film dispensers were the least effective of the formulations tested.

Effect of release rate and enantiomeric composition on response to pheromones of Megaplatypus mutatus (Chapuis) in poplar plantations of Argentina and Italy

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 564-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernán Funes ◽  
Eduardo Zerba ◽  
Paola Gonzalez-Audino
Keyword(s):  
Release Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Poplar Plantations ◽  
Enantiomer Composition ◽  
Megaplatypus Mutatus

AbstractMegaplatypus mutatus (=Platypus sulcatus Chapuis) is an Ambrosia beetle native to South America, which was recently introduced in Italy and its presence there is causing severe damage to the local poplar plantations. The male M. mutatus pheromone is composed of (S)-(+)-6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol [(+)-sulcatol], 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (sulcatone) and 3-pentanol. A series of field trials testing dose, blend and enantiomer composition performed in Argentina and Italy evaluated attraction and found that the optimal release rate of pheromone components as baits in cross vane baited traps (CIPEIN-CV) was 6, 6 and 30 mg day−1 of sulcatone, (+)-sulcatol and 3-pentanol, respectively. It was also determined that racemic sulcatol is as effective as the pure (+)-isomer for the purpose of beetle catch, due to the inert nature of the (−)-isomer allowing the usage of low cost racemic sulcatol instead of highly expensive (+)-sulcatol. The results of our work contribute to the development of pheromone-based local technologies with low environmental impact and low cost for control or monitoring of an important pest.

scholarly journals Penambahan Sari Lengkuas Merah (Alpinia purpurata) Dalam Edible Coating Pati Sagu Meranti Terhadap Sifat Kimia, Mikrobiologi dan Kesukaan Buah Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Dewi Fortuna Ayu ◽  
Raswen Efendi ◽  
Vonny Setiaries Johan ◽  
Lutfi Habibah
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Edible Coating ◽  
Lycopersicum Esculentum ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Alpinia Purpurata

This research aim was to study the application of red galanga juice addition in meranti sago starch edible coating on chemical, microbiology, and hedonic properties of tomatoes during storage.  The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications so that 15 (fifteen) experimental units were obtained.  The treatments used were P0 (without addition of red galangal juice), P1 (1% addition of red galangal juice), P2 (3% addition of red galangal juice), P3 (5% addition of red galangal juice), and P4 (7 % addition of red galangal juice) in formulation of sago starch edible coating which applicated on tomatoes during 21 days storage.  The data obtained were statistically analyzed using Anova and DNMRT at a 5% level.  The results showed that the addition of red galangal juice significantly affected weight loss, total dissolved solids, hardness, total microbes, and hedonic organoleptic assessment of the tomato texture.  The addition of red galangal juice in edible coating didn’t significantly affect the organoleptic assessment of the tomato color.  The best treatment of this research was P4 which showed on tomatoes after 21 days storage that had 16.38% weight loss, 1.39 °Brix total dissolved solids, 5.83 kg/f hardness, 5.52 log CFU/g total microbes, and overall hedonic assessment of color was 2,70 (somewhat like), and 3.26 texture (somewhat like).

scholarly journals APLIKASI KOMPOS TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DAN HORMON TANAMAN UNGGUL TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN ANTHURIUM (Anthurium sp)

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
T. Rosmawaty ◽  
Samsul Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Net Assimilation

This research aims to examine the effect of compost bunches of oil palm and plant hormone superior on growt of anthurium plant. The research was conducted at the experiment farm of faculty of agriculture Riau Islamic university during 4 months, starting from April to July 2015. The completely randomized design was used by using 2 factors, the first factor was compost bunches of oil palm, consisting of 0, 15, 30, 45 g/polybag, the second factor was plant hormone superior consisting of 0, 2, 4, 6 milli/liter. The parameters observed the number of leaves per plant, total leaf area, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, root volume. The results showed that interactinally has effect on number of leaves per plant and root volume the best treatment of compost bunches of oil palm 30 g/ploybag and plant hormone superior 4 milli/liter. Application of compost bunches of oil palm affects all observation parameter, the best treatment 30 g/polybag. Application of plant hormone superior affects all observation parameter, the best treatment 4 mili/liter.

scholarly journals ANALISIS MUTU KIMIA DAN ORGANOLEPTIK PUPUK ORGANIK TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN DOSIS EM-4 BERBEDA

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Ade Maya Mustika ◽  
Penti Suryani ◽  
Tahrir Aulawi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Animal Sciences

This research was conducted from August to December 2016 at the PEM Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau and Central Plantation Service Laboratory. The study aims to 1). Analyzing the chemical and organoleptic qualites of Oil Palm Empty Bunches organic fertilizer with the addition of different EM-4 doses 2). Determine the best quality on the quality of Oil Palm Empty Bunches organic fertilizer. The experimental design was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and three replications. The treatment were application of (EM4) consist of 0 ml, 5 ml, 10 ml, 15 ml, 20 ml, and 25 ml. Results analysis using ANOVA variance, simple linear regression and validity and reliability analysis. The results showed that the addition of EM-4 resulted in quality in accordance with SNI 19-7030-2004 with the dose of 5 ml, 10 ml, and 15 ml, respectively, but on the measurement of fertilizer pH organic Oil Palm Empty Bunches does not meet SNI: 19-7030-2004.

scholarly journals PEMBERIAN PUPUK KASCING DAN POC NASA PADA PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-264
Author(s):  
Eni Farida ◽  
Saripah Ulpah ◽  
T. Edy Sabli
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Tuber Weight Loss ◽  
Experimental Garden

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of applying vermicompost fertilizer and POC Nasa on the growth and production of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.). This research has been carried out in the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Riau Islamic University for 4 months, starting from July to October 2018. The design used in this study was a factorial Completely Randomized Design consisting of 2 factors. The first factor is vermicompost fertilizer (K) which consists of 4 levels namely 0, 200, 400, 600 g / plot and the second factor is POC Nasa (P) consisting of 4 levels namely 0, 2, 4, 6 cc / l water. The parameters observed in this study were plant height, harvest age, number of tubers per clump, wet tuber weight per sample, dry tuber weight per sample, tuber weight loss. The last observation data were statistically analyzed and continued with a BNJ follow-up test at the 5% level. The results showed that the application of vermicompost fertilizer and poc nasa interaction significantly affected the parameters of plant height, age of harvest, the number of tubers per clump, dry tuber weight per sample, shrinkage of tuber weight, and the application of vermicompost fertilizer and poc nasa interactively had no significant effect on wet tuber weight parameters per sample with the best treatment is a concentration of 600 g / plot (K3) and 6 cc / water (P3) is a dose of 44.80 grams/plot. Keywords: POC, Kascing, Shallot

scholarly journals Postharvest aspects of roses

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elka Fabiana Aparecida Almeida ◽  
Ariane Castricini ◽  
João Batista Ribeiro Reis ◽  
Leandra Oliveira Santos ◽  
Maria Geralda Vilela Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Experimental Control ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This study aimed to evaluate respiratory activity, color changes and fresh weight variation of ‘Carola’ (red), ‘Avalanche’ (white) and ‘Avalanche Chá’ (tea) roses for seven days after harvest. Respiratory activity, coloration of petals and fresh weight loss were evaluated. Treatments were composed of three rose cultivars and seven days of evaluation, in a 3 x 7 factorial and a completely randomized design with four replicates of two flowers per plot. To determine the respiratory activity, in addition to the four replicates, an “experimental control” was used as a fifth replicate without roses. ‘Avalanche’ and ‘Avalanche Chá’ roses with petals of similar luminosity showed no browning during days after harvest, but are distinct in terms of chromaticity. ‘Carola’ rose has less shiny petals. On harvest day, the respiratory activity is elevated and reduces later until the fourth day, in which there is elevation of this parameter again coinciding with high fresh weight loss. During days after harvest, small changes in the color of petals were observed; however, the main changes were observed in respiratory activity and fresh weight loss.

scholarly journals The Utilization of Effective Microorganism 4 (EM4) on Growth of Oil Palm Seedling in Pre Nursery

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Dwi Astutik ◽  
Ratih Rahhutami ◽  
Aline Sisi Handini ◽  
Ahmad Sutopo
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Effective Microorganism

<em>A planting medium that rich in nutrients is needed for oil palm, especially in the nursery phase. This study aimed to determine the effect of various doses of EM4 and to get the best dose of EM4 on the growth of oil palm seedlings in the pre-nursery. The research method used was a non-factorial completely randomized design with 4 treatments, namely 0 ml EM4 (A1), 4 ml EM4 (A2), 8 ml EM4 (A3), and 12 ml EM4 (A4). Each treatment was repeated 6 times so that there were 24 experimental units. The data obtained were analyzed for variance at the 5% level, if the effect was real, it was followed by the least significant difference (LSD) test. Based on the results of the study, it could be concluded that application of various EM4 doses had a significant effect on plant height (4-12 MST), the number of leaves (4-8 MST), trunk girth (4-12 MST), and shoot wet weight but did not significantly affect the number of leaves (12 MST), the volume of roots, length of roots, root wet weight and shoot dry weight, dry weight root, the best dose was shown at a dose of 12 ml EM4.</em>

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