scholarly journals Prevalence of Complications of Diabetes and Risk Factors Among Patients with Diabetes in the Diabetes Clinic in Southeast of Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Taheri ◽  
Roya Rafaiee ◽  
Raheleh Rafaiee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetes Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Objective: Academic health services play an important role in the prevention and control of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Iran. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of DM-related complications and the associated risk factors among patients with DM in a university-affiliated outpatient diabetes clinic of a referral hospital in Southeast of Iran, Zahedan. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2019 in an academic diabetes clinic. A total of 334 patients with DM, whose characteristics (age, sex, family history of DM, and substance abuse), as well as laboratory and clinical information, were recorded in the baseline forms, were included. The relationship between variables were assessed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient at P-value< 0.05 and using SPSS version 20.0. Results: The mean age of the participants was 54.27 (±11.57) years. In these patients, DM type 2 was estimated at 99.1%, and the mean duration of the disease was 8.98 (±6.93) years. The findings showed that 77.2% of the patients had poor glycemic control. Also, 85.4% of the patients had fasting blood sugar (FBS) level >126 mg/dL. There was a significant relationship between insulin-dependent therapy and drug abuse (P-value <0.001). The prevalence of hyperlipidemia (68.9%), hypertension (50.6%), retinopathy (29.6%), nephropathy (11.7%), and neuropathy (12.3%) was also determined. Conclusion: The majority of the patients (77.2%) in this study had poor glycemic control, and 69.9% of them suffered from microvascular complications, macrovascular complications, or both. Therefore, frequent visits accompanied by patient education could help to better diabetes control

scholarly journals Microalbuminuria in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence and Associated Risk factors Title of your

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
Zhian S. Ramzi ◽  
Mahfoodh A. Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Microalbuminuria is the most leading cause for cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, end stage renal diseases, and death among diabetic patients. The study carried out                                                                                       to find out the prevalence of microalbuminuria in a sample of Sulaimani diabetics and to determine its relation to different associated risk factors. The first part of study was a cross-sectional study conducted through examination of records of diabetic patients registered in Sulaimani Diabetic Center from June 2010 to May 2012. The second part was a case- control study that conducted in the same center, including 50 cases of diabetics with positive microalbuminuria, and 50 controls with negative one, that were registered in the same center and matched by age and gender. A specially designed questionnaire was used by researcher to collect information from the records. SPSS version 21.0 was used for data analysis. Males accounts for half of cases and controls, highest proportion of sample was found among age group (60-69) years about 34%. The prevalence of microalbuminuria was 29%. The study showed a statistical significant association of microalbuminuria with obesity, smoking, hypertension, retinopathy, ischemic heart disease, poor glycemic control, and dyslipidemia.  In conclusion moderate prevalence of microalbuminuria was found among diabetic patients, the prevalence was more common in poor glycemic control, and hypertensive diabetics. There was significant relation between microalbuminuria and diabetic nephropathy.

scholarly journals Identifying the Risk Factors and the Prevalence of Poor Glycemic Control among Diabetic Outpatients in a Rural Region in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Ziyad S. Almalki ◽  
Nehad Jaser Ahmed ◽  
Abdullah K. Alahmari ◽  
Ahmed M. Alshehri ◽  
Sheikah Abdullah Alyahya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural Region ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Aim: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of poor glycemic control and risk factors associated with it among diabetic patients in the central rural region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: The study included a review of diabetic patients’ medical record in King Khaled Hospital in Al-Kharj from the beginning of January 2019 to the end of June 2019. Poor glycemic control was defined as the current use of diabetic-lowering medication associated with HbA1c levels ≥7%. Multivariate analysis was done to identify the associated factors of poor glycemic control. Results: Of 1,010 consecutive outpatients’ diabetic patients were involved in the study sample, poor glycemic control presented in 496 (49.1%). Individuals who were at risk to have poor glycemic control those between 45 and 65 years with odds ratio (OR) of 1.927 (95% CI: 1.143–3.248), obese 1.496 (95% CI: 1.085–2.063) and diagnosed with asthma 2.062 (95% CI: 1.637–3.504). Conclusion: The extent of poor glycemic control in the study sample was found high. Age, obesity, and having asthma are the most important factors of increased risk of poor glycemic control. Improving glycemic control would need rigorous efforts by addressing these factors.

scholarly journals Surprisingly Low Levels of Measles Immunity in Persons With HIV: A Seroprevalence Survey in a United States HIV Clinic

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Rearigh ◽  
Jennifer O’Neill ◽  
Maureen Kubat ◽  
Harlan Sayles ◽  
Susan Swindells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Antibody Decline

Abstract Background Measles outbreaks have become increasingly common due to deteriorating vaccination rates, fluctuating herd immunity, and varying antibody decline. Limited knowledge exists regarding prevalence and risk factors associated with measles seronegativity among persons with HIV (PWH). Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted at an academic HIV clinic in Omaha, Nebraska. Participants were screened for the presence of measles IgG antibody. Demographic and clinical information was obtained through electronic medical record review. Simple and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to identify risk factors for measles seronegativity. Results Three hundred fifty-one participants were enrolled, with a measles seroprevalence rate of 70.3%. The mean age (range) was 48 (20–74) years, 77% were male, and 53% were Caucasian. The mean CD4 nadir (range) was 334 (1–1675) cells/mm3. At the time of testing, 86% and 87% of the seronegative and seropositive participants had an HIV RNA &lt;50 copies/mL, respectively. Younger age was significantly associated with measles seronegativity (P = .003), as was birth year after 1957 (P = .021). Prior history of measles infection was associated with seropositivity (P = .011). All other risk factors evaluated, including written documentation of adequate vaccination, were not associated with seronegativity. Conclusions Our study demonstrates a measles seroprevalence rate that is remarkably lower than previously reported in PWH (92%), and, more importantly, is considerably lower than the rate needed to maintain herd immunity (95%). With higher than expected seronegativity and absence of notable risk factors aside from age, our findings support expanded measles immunity screening for PWH who are at risk of measles exposure.

scholarly journals Challenges and factors associated with poor glycemic control among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Nekemte referral hospital, western Ethiopia: cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginenus Fekadu ◽  
Kejela Bula ◽  
Getu Bayisa
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: Diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate throughout the world and about 80% of diabetics’ lives in developing countries. Similar to the rest of sub Saharan African countries, Ethiopia is experiencing significant burden of diabetes with increased prevalence, complications and mortality as well as life threatening disabilities. Reasons for poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes are complex and multivariable. Hence, this study was aimed to identify challenges and factors associated with poor glycemic control among type 2 diabetes patients. Method: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted on type 2 diabetic patients attending diabetic clinic of Nekemte Referral Hospital (NRH) from February 1 to April 30, 2018. Fasting blood glucose of last three clinic visits were obtained and the mean fasting blood glucose measurements was used to determine the level of glycemic control. Analysis included both descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS version 20.0. Predictor variable with P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: Out of the total 228 included type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, 51.8% were males. The mean age of participants was 43±12.4 years and 154(67.5%) were found not following their general dietary program correctly. Nearly one third, 73(32%) of participants never attended diabetic education and 52(22.8%) of the patients had greater than 10 years’ duration on treatment. The majority, 148(64.9%) of patients had poor blood glucose control. Age range of 40-60 years (AOR=2.01, 95% CI 0.04-0.06, P=0.044), being illiterate (AOR = 3.12, 95 % CI 1.52-8.50, P=0.001), having informal education only (AOR=2.28, 95% CI 2.14-32.60, P=0.024), longer duration of diabetes treatment (>10 years) (AOR = 3.94, 95 % CI 1.51-27.83, P=0.012), inadequate physical exercise (AOR = 3.19, 95 % CI 1.05-19.84, P=0.019), smoking (AOR = 4.51, 95 % CI 0.00-0.50, p=0.022) were independent predictors of poor glycemic control up on a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Nearly two third of patients had poorly controlled diabetes. Age, exercise, level of education, duration of the treatment and smoking were significantly associated with poor glycemic control. Health facilities should provide continuous education as well as barriers of glycemic control should be explored with further research.

Brief Overview and Experience of Visual Evoked Potential of First 67 cases at Referral Neuroscience Hospital in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Mohammad Enayet Hussain ◽  
Bithi Debnath ◽  
AFM Al Masum Khan ◽  
Md Ferdous Mian ◽  
Md Nahidul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pattern Reversal ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Visual Evoked

Background: The visual evoked potentials (VEP) is a valuable tool to document occult lesions of the central visual channels especially within the optic nerve. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to observe the findings of first few cases of VEP done in the neurophysiology department of the National Institute of Neurosciences (NINS), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Neurophysiology at the National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from September 2017 to March 2020. All patients referred to the Neurophysiology Department of NINS for VEP were included. Pattern reversal VEPs were done using standard protocol set by International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN). Results: The mean age of the study population was 30.70 (±12.11) years (6-68 years) with 31 (46.3%) male and 36 (53.7%) female patients. The mean duration of illness was 8.71 (±1.78) months (3 days- 120 months). Most common presenting symptom was blurring of vision (37.3%) and dimness of vision (32.8%). Patterned VEP revealed mixed type (both demyelinating and axonal) of abnormality in most cases [29(43.35)]. The most common clinical diagnosis was multiple sclerosis (29.85%) and optic neuropathy (26.87%). In the clinically suspected cases of multiple sclerosis, optic neuropathy and optic neuritis most of the cases of VEP were abnormal and the p value is 0.04 in optic neuropathy and optic neuritis. Conclusion: The commonest presentation of the patients in this series were blurring of vision and dimness of vision. The most common clinical diagnosis for which VEP was asked for, was optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis. Most abnormalities were of mixed pattern (demyelinating and axonal). Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2020;6(2): 74-77

scholarly journals POS0548 OPTIMAL ASSESSMENT OF THE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS ANKLE AND HINDFOOT: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN CLINICAL EXAMINATION AND ULTRASONOGRAPHY

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 508.2-509
Author(s):  
K. Maatallah ◽  
H. Boussaa ◽  
H. Riahi ◽  
H. Ferjani ◽  
M. Habechi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Foot Disease

Background:Foot disease is a common problem in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therapeutic decisions are often based on clinical examination (CE) alone, which can be adversely affected by factors such as deformity, obesity, and peripheral edema. Ultrasonography (US) has previously been shown to be more sensitive than CE for detecting synovitis and tenosynovitis in RA forefeet, but few data exist for the hindfoot and ankle.Objectives:The aim of this study was to compare CE and US for the detection of hindfoot and ankle synovitis and tenosynovitis in patients with established RA.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study including patients with RA (ACR/EULAR 2010). Demographic data and disease parameters were collected. CE was performed by a rheumatologist for the presence or absence of tenderness, swelling, and mobility restriction of both ankles. The following tendons were examined for tenosynovitis: tibialis anterior (TA) and posterior (TP), fibularis longus (FL), and brevis (FB) (assessed together). In a second time, US examination of the tibiotalar, talonavicular, and subtalar joints and the same tendons as CE was performed by a blinded radiologist experienced in musculoskeletal imaging using a Philips HD11 device with a high-frequency linear transducer. The presence or absence of synovitis and tenosynovitis was recorded, and the composite synovitis score (power doppler / grayscale ultrasound (PDUS)) was measured for each joint. The US score of each patient was defined by the sum of the composite scores of the joints studied (0-30). A p-value <0.05 was considered significant.Results:Sixty-two feet were examined in 31 RA patients (25 women and six men) with a mean age of 54.8±10.8 years old [32-70]. The mean disease duration was 8.5±7.2 years [1-37]. Rheumatoid Factor (RF) and Anti-Citrullinated Peptides Antibodies (ACPA) were positive in 61.3% and 83.8% of cases. The mean DAS28 ESR was 3.8±1.5 [0.6-7].Clinical examination of ankles revealed tenderness in 57.4% of cases, swelling in 38.8% of cases, and restriction in the range of motion in 11.1% of cases. TA tenosynovitis was noted in 14.8% of cases, TP tenosynovitis in 22.2% of cases, and FL and FB tenosynovitis in 31.5% of cases.US showed tibiotalar synovitis in 59.3% of cases, talonavicular synovitis in 64.8% of cases, and subtalar synovitis in 46.3% of cases. TA tenosynovitis was noted in 5.6% of cases, TP tenosynovitis in 22.2% of cases, and FB and FL tenosynovitis in 25% and 11.1% of cases respectively.An association was found between clinical tenderness and US synovitis of the tibiotalar joint (p=0.013) and the talonavicular joint (p=0.027). No association was noted between clinical swelling and US synovitis in these joints.No association was noted between clinical and US tenosynovitis of TA (p=0.279), TP (p=0.436), FB (p=0.495) and FL (p=0.315).Conclusion:Clinical examination of RA ankles may be challenging and needs to be coupled with US, which is more sensitive and accurate in the detection of synovitis and tenosynovitis.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study to identify the determinants of non-communicable diseases among fishermen in Southern India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhila Doddamani ◽  
A. B. Kirthinath Ballala ◽  
Sharath P. Madhyastha ◽  
Asha Kamath ◽  
Muralidhar M. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Dietary Practice ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background India is currently facing a rising epidemic of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Identification of modifiable risk factors is of paramount importance to curb this menace. Fishermen are one of the most vulnerable occupational groups with unique characteristics that make them prone to acquire NCDs, as a significant share of their life is spent at sea. Hence, this study was planned to ascertain the burden of NCDs, determine various risk factors of NCDs, and measure the association between risk factors and NCDs among fishermen of Coastal Karnataka in South India. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 681 fishermen aged 18 years and above as per the semi-structured interview schedule for two years (2017–2019). A convenience sampling strategy was adopted. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS v.15.0. The results were described in terms of proportions and their 95% confidence intervals. Continuous data were summarized using the mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range depending on the skewness of data. Chi-square test was used to study the association between NCDs and modifiable risk factors. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify risk factors of NCDs. Results The mean (SD) age of the population was 42.5 (SD 12.5) years. The mean years involved in fishing was 19.8 years (SD 10.9). More than half (59.5%) of the study participants had severe stress and most (80.3%) were ever substance users. Advancing age, not being able to contact family while at sea, poor dietary practice, ever substance use, increasing waist circumference were significant correlates of NCDs. Conclusions The commonly prevalent risk factors of NCDs among fishermen included poor dietary practice, higher stress levels, substance use, increasing waist circumference, and inability to contact with family while at sea. Hypertension and Diabetes were the two common NCDs in the study population. There is a need for immediate attention in managing NCDs’ risk factors by promoting a healthy lifestyle by primary health care providers through a sustainable community awareness program targeting fishermen at a convenient time and location, either at the sea-port or meeting places. Harmful effects of substance use, healthy dietary practices, and the importance of physical activity outside their job need emphasis. In addition, screening programs should be organized with the help of boat owners and fishing associations at-least once a year to pick up NCDs at an early stage.

scholarly journals Effect of Regular Khat Chewing on Serum Fasting Sugar Level in Diabetic patients versus Healthy Individuals; A comparative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863882110352
Author(s):  
Yordanos Mengistu ◽  
Gobena Dedefo ◽  
Mesay Arkew ◽  
Gebeyehu Asefa ◽  
Gutema Jebessa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Glucose Oxidase ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Khat Chewer

Background: Khat chewing is a long standing social-cultural habit in several countries. Even though many people chew khat simply for its pleasurable and stimulatory effect, evidence showed widely-held belief among khat chewers in Ethiopia and other part of the world that khat helps to lower blood glucose while some studies are contradicted on the effect of khat. There is limited data about khat’s effect on blood glucose especially in our setting, Harar estern Ethiopia. Objective: Primarily the present study aims to compare fasting blood sugar level among khat chewer diabetic and healthy individuals, and to asses risk factors associated with poor glycemic control in diabetic subjects. Method: A cross-sectional study included 200 confirmed diabetic and healthy subjects. Fasting blood sugar was determined by enzymatic method glucose oxidase and glucose hexokinase. Glycemic control was also determined for diabetic subjects based on the last 2-month diabetic clinic visits and current measurement. Result: (Median ± IQR [interquartile range]) fasting blood sugar difference among Khat chewer and non khat chewer were 159 ± 83 mg/dl and 202 ± 79 mg/dl respectively in diabetic subjects when tested by glucose oxidase. Similarly, in healthy non khat chewer and khat chewer, khat chewers has lower (Median ± IQR) fasting blood glucose level 82 ± 18 mg/dl than non khat chewers 94 ± 13 mg/dl when tested by glucose oxidase. Regarding risk factors associated with poor glycemic control in diabetic subjects, positive parental diabetes history, insulin medication, being overweight, obese were significantly associated with poor glycemic control. Conclusion: There was significant effect of khat on median FBS among khat chewers in diabetic and healthy individuals. And the proportion of glycemic control was high among diabetic subjects. Recommendation: Health care professional and patients should manage the risk factors to delay disease progression and restrain the damage. More studies should be conducted in randomized control trial manner to further elucidate khat effect on blood sugar level so that the actual effect of khat can be identified unlike in cross sectional where there may not be strong causal relationship.

Satisfaction and Adherence to Biological Treatment in Patients with Rheumatic Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Hammad ◽  
Huny Bakry
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Biological Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Mean

Background: Autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases have long been treated by conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. Biological therapy is a new era in the treatment of rheumatic diseases, but satisfaction and adherence to it is still not well tested. Aim: To assess the satisfaction and adherence to biological treatment among patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 56 patients suffering from inflammatory rheumatic diseases using Morisky 8 questionnaire and Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM) over a period of one month Results: About 76.8% of the patients had medium adherence and the underlying cause of missing doses was the unavailability of the drugs. The mean satisfaction with biological treatment was 62.7±6.9. Patients who did not receive formal education had significantly higher satisfaction with the biological treatment than others 64.94±5.01 at a P value 0.04 (<0.05). Conclusion: Patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases in our study showed medium adherence and satisfaction. Authorities in the medical field are providing great help to these patients in need of biological therapy, but ensuring the availability of all doses of the biological treatment regimen is still necessary. Patient, family and nurse education programs are also necessary to maximize adherence and satisfaction.

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