scholarly journals Effect of Dry-Land Core Training on Physical Fitness and Swimming Performance in Adolescent Elite Swimmers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mu-Yeop JI ◽  
Jin-Ho YOON ◽  
Ki-Jae SONG ◽  
Jae-Keun OH
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
Muscular Power ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Core Training

Background: We aimed to investigate the effect of a 12-week dry-land core training program on physical fitness and swimming performance in elite adolescent swimmers. Methods: Thirty subjects were selected and assigned to the core training group (CTG, n=15) and the traditional weight training group (WTG, n=15) in Seoul, Korea, between Sep and Dec 2016. The field fitness test was performed to determine the isotonic maximum muscular strength (one repetition maximum of deadlift and cable pulldown), anaerobic power (Wingate test), core stability (sports-specific endurance plank), core muscular power (front abdominal power, side abdominal power), muscular endurance of limbs (push-up, endurance jump), and swim performance improvement (personal record). Differences between groups after the exercise intervention were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures. Results: There were no significant interactions in isotonic maximum strength, anaerobic power (mean power, fatigue index), core muscular power, muscular endurance of limbs (endurance jump), and swim record improvement (P>0.05). The anaerobic peak power (P<0.001), sports-specific endurance plank test (P<0.001), and push-up test (P<0.001) showed significant interaction effects. Conclusion: The 12-week dry-land core training program resulted in statistically significant improvements in anaerobic power, core stability, upper extremity muscular endurance, and swimming performance.

scholarly journals European normative values for physical fitness in children and adolescents aged 9–17 years: results from 2 779 165 Eurofit performances representing 30 countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (22) ◽  
pp. 1445-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant R Tomkinson ◽  
Kevin D Carver ◽  
Frazer Atkinson ◽  
Nathan D Daniell ◽  
Lucy K Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
Muscular Power ◽  
Monitoring And Surveillance ◽  
Lms Method ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Apparently Healthy

ObjectiveTo develop sex-specific and age-specific normative values for the nine Eurofit tests in European children and adolescents aged 9–17 years.MethodsA systematic review was undertaken to identify papers that explicitly reported descriptive results for at least one of nine Eurofit tests (measuring balance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, muscular power, flexibility, speed, speed-agility and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF)) on children and adolescents. Data were included on apparently healthy (free from known disease/injury) children and adolescents aged 9–17 years. Following harmonisation for methodological variation where appropriate, pseudodata were generated using Monte Carlo simulation, with population-weighted sex-specific and age-specific normative centiles generated using the Lambda Mu Sigma (LMS) method. Sex-specific and age-specific differences were expressed as standardised differences in means, with the percentage of children and adolescents with healthy CRF estimated at the sex-age level.ResultsNorms were displayed as tabulated centiles and as smoothed centile curves for the nine Eurofit tests. The final dataset included 2 779 165 results on children and adolescents from 30 European countries, extracted from 98 studies. On average, 78% of boys (95% CI 72% to 85%) and 83% of girls (95% CI 71% to 96%) met the standards for healthy CRF, with the percentage meeting the standards decreasing with age. Boys performed substantially (standardised differences >0.2) better than girls on muscular strength, muscular power, muscular endurance, speed-agility and CRF tests, but worse on the flexibility test. Physical fitness generally improved at a faster rate in boys than in girls, especially during the teenage years.ConclusionThis study provides the largest and most geographically representative sex-specific and age-specific European normative values for children and adolescents, which have utility for health and fitness screening, profiling, monitoring and surveillance.

scholarly journals Validation and Application of Two New Core Stability Tests in Professional Football

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 5495
Author(s):  
Saioa Etxaleku ◽  
Mikel Izquierdo ◽  
Eder Bikandi ◽  
Jaime García Arroyo ◽  
Iñigo Sarriegi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
The Body ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Stability Tests ◽  
Acceptable Error ◽  
Core Training

The purpose of the first study was to validate two newly proposed core stability tests; Prone Plank test (PPT) and Closed Kinetic Chain test (CCT), for evaluating the strength of the body core. Subsequently, these tests were employed in a longitudinal prospective study implementing a core stability training program with a professional Spanish football team. For the validation study, 22 physically active men (Tegner Scale 6–7) performed three trials of the PPT and CCT tests in two different testing sessions separated by one week. In the longitudinal study, 13 male professional football players were equally evaluated (PPT and CCT) before and after the competitive session in which they completed a core training program. Intra-/intersession, and intertester, reliability was analyzed. PPT and CCT demonstrated excellent to good test–retest reliability and acceptable error measurement (ICCs for intratester and intrasession reliability ranged from 0.77 to 0.94 for the PPT, and 0.8–0.9 for the CCT) in all but one of the testing conditions (female tester for CCT test; ICC = 0.38). Significant improvements on core strength were found from pre to post evaluation in both the PPT (p < 0.01) and CCT (p < 0.01) after the implementation of a core training program in professional football players.

scholarly journals Change in Anthropometrics and Physical Fitness in Norwegian Cadets During 3 Years of Military Academy Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 (7-8) ◽  
pp. e1112-e1119
Author(s):  
Anders Aandstad ◽  
Frank Sandberg ◽  
Rune Hageberg ◽  
Elin Kolle
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
Muscular Power ◽  
Military Academy ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Medicine Ball

ABSTRACT Introduction High physical fitness is associated with increased occupational performance, better health, and reduced risk of injuries in military personnel. Thus, the military emphasizes physical training to maintain or develop physical fitness in their soldiers. It is important to monitor the effect of the physical training regime, but such information is lacking for Norwegian military cadets. Hence, the primary aim of this study was to investigate changes in anthropometrics and physical fitness among male and female army, navy and air force cadets during 3 years of military academy education. Materials and methods 260 male and 29 female Norwegian cadets from the army, navy, and air force academies volunteered to participate. Anthropometrics, muscular power, muscular endurance, and maximal oxygen uptake were measured at entry (T0) and end of each year (T1, T2, and T3). Linear mixed models were used to examine the development in anthropometrics and physical fitness. We applied to the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics to review the study before start-up, but the study was considered exempted from notification. The study was reviewed and approved by the Norwegian Social Science Data Services. Results Male and female cadets significantly increased their body weight, fat-free mass, body mass index, and percent body fat by 1 to 5% from T0 to T3. Skeletal muscle mass was unchanged. Muscular power (medicine ball throw and vertical jump) and muscular endurance (pull-ups and push-ups) increased by 3 to 20% in male cadets, while female cadets only increased results significantly for the medicine ball throw (10%). Relative maximal oxygen uptake decreased by 4% in both sexes, while absolute maximal oxygen uptake only decreased significantly (by 2%) in male cadets. Most of the observed changes were classified as trivial or small, according to calculated effect sizes. The observed changes were generally of similar magnitude for male and female cadets, and similar among the three academies. Conclusions Anthropometrics and physical fitness were relatively stable in Norwegian male and female army, navy, and air force cadets during 3 years of military academy education. Observed changes were typically classified as trivial or small. The initial gap in physical fitness between male and female cadets did not narrow during the education years. Norwegian male and female cadets displayed relatively good physical fitness profiles, compared to sex-matched cadets and soldiers from previously studied military populations.

scholarly journals Effect of different training models on motoric and swimming performance in prepubescent swimmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 286-295
Author(s):  
İsmet Alagöz ◽  
Sema Can ◽  
Erkan Demirkan ◽  
Tuğrul Özkadı ◽  
Emre Demir
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Training Models ◽  
Elastic Resistance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Band Group

Background and Study Aim. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of different training programs on the improvement of motoric and swimming performance prepubescent swimmers. Material and Methods. Forty-five children between the ages of 9 -11 years with at least 2 years of training experiences, participated in the study. Three different [(1) dry-land with elastic resistance band group + swimming (ERB); (2) dry-land without elastic resistance band (DL) + swimming and (3) swimming group (SG) with swimming training alone] training group were formed. And a 12-week training program was implemented thought the study. Biceps, chest, waist, hip, thigh body circumference measurements were taken from all participants. Vertical jump (VJ), flexed-arm strength (FAS), speed, upper body strength (UBS), Standing horizontal jump (SHJ), flexibility, aerobic endurance (AE), balance, and 50 m freestyle swimming (FS) score were tested on the participants. As statistical analysis, normality and homogeneity of variance assumption were checked (Shapiro-Wilk and Levene tests, respectively). A non-normal distribution was found. The values of each variable were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and median. The training effects within the groups were evaluated using analyses of Friedman for repeated measures and the level of significance was set at p<0.05 for all tests. Results. There was a significant difference in SHJ, UBS, FAS, speed, and FS score among the assessment times 1-3 and 1-4 in both of ERB and DL training groups (p<0.05). ERB and DL training were significantly effective compared to the SG on VJ, FAS, speed, UBS, and freestyle swimming performance (p<0.05). Conclusions: The study findings showed that DL training more effected relatively on motoric performance.

scholarly journals Lower-Limb Explosive Power did not Improve during 8 Weeks of Integrative Military Physical Training

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
jizheng Ma ◽  
Fei HU ◽  
Qiang Nian HUANG ◽  
Wei JIA ◽  
Ming Chao DING ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Load Carriage ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Explosive Power ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Objective: Military populations require a range of physical capabilities to meet the demands of the military profession. It is not known whether a specific within-session balance of the core components of physical fitness provides more effective training adaptations. The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of combinations of high-intensity endurance training, resistance training, anaerobic training and plyometric training. Methods: Twenty-eight healthy young cadets participated in an 8-week training program. Training was performed 6 days per week. Testing occurred before and after the 8-week training regimen. The pre- and post-training measures included the basic physiological and performance levels.Results: Physiological indices, such heart rate, heart rate variability, anaerobic power and maximal oxygen uptake, responded positively to training (P < 0.05). The components of physical fitness, such as muscle maximal strength and endurance, 600 all-out effort, 5000-m run time and 18-km military load carriage, were also significantly improved (P > 0.05). However, the jump capacity did not significantly increase. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that during short-term integrative training, the lower-limb muscle maximal power did not improve. Given that many military tasks demand explosive (power) abilities, a switch to integrative training may have far greater consequences for transferring the benefits of the training program to military human performance.

scholarly journals Effect of Integrated Training on Balance and Ankle Position Sense in Ballet Dancers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chai-Wei Lin ◽  
Yi-An Chen ◽  
Yu-Lin You ◽  
Tzu-Chan Wu ◽  
Cheng-Feng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Lateral Direction ◽  
Ballet Dancers

Abstract Background: Ballet dancers are at high risk of ankle sprain. As a result, effective training programs are required for ballet dancers to minimize injury occurrence and improve their balance ability. Our purpose was to investigate the effects of a 6-week integrated training program on the ankle joint position sense and postural stability in ballet dancers.Methods: Twenty-nine female ballet dancers were recruited to the study. Sixteen of the dancers underwent a 6-week integrated training program consisting of plyometric, proprioception and core stability exercises. The remaining ballet dancers performed no additional training, but continued regular ballet practice as usual. For both groups, ankle joint position sensing tests were performed before and after training. Furthermore, for the training group, the postural stability was assessed by measuring the average speed of the center of pressure (COP) and the maximum ankle joint displacements while performing grand plie (deep squatting) and releve en demi-pointe (standing on balls of foot) movements.Results: After 6 weeks, both groups showed significantly smaller absolute ankle joint reposition errors in plantarflexion and eversion. Furthermore, the training group showed a significantly smaller ankle joint reposition error in dorsiflexion. The training group also showed a significantly slower average COP speed and smaller maximum COP displacement in the medial-lateral direction.Conclusions: The 6-week integrated training program improved the ankle joint position sense in dorsiflexion and the postural control in the medial-lateral direction while performing grand-plie and releve en demi-pointe movements. Thus, this integrated training program can be suggested for dancers in order to improve ankle position sense and postural stability during ballet movements.

scholarly journals Changes in Health and Physical Fitness Parameters After Six Months of Group Exercise Training in Firefighters

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Sokoloski ◽  
Brandon R. Rigby ◽  
C. Ryan Bachik ◽  
Ryan A. Gordon ◽  
Isaac F. Rowland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Fitness Testing ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
Group Exercise ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
Fitness Parameters

Proper training methods may be used as an effective preventative measure for many of the musculoskeletal injuries sustained as a first responder that are inherent to the profession. The traditionally low fitness levels and poor exercise habits of city firefighters may predispose this population to an increased risk of chronic conditions, such as cardiovascular and metabolic disease. The purpose of this study was to analyze changes in the health and fitness parameters of professional firefighters across North Texas during a six-month training program. Twenty-two professional firefighters completed six months of group training, consisting of two training sessions per week. These individuals underwent a pre- and post-fitness testing protocol that consisted of body composition, range of motion, anaerobic power, muscular endurance, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Improvements (p < 0.05) in flexibility, anaerobic performance, fatigue index, muscular endurance, and aerobic fitness were found following the six-month training program. No differences in body composition or peak power were observed (p > 0.05). Six months of group exercise improves aerobic and anaerobic fitness, exercise tolerance, muscular endurance, and flexibility in firefighters.

Core Training for Superior Sports Preparation

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-63
Author(s):  
Larry W. Judge
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Core Strength ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
The Core ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Global Movement ◽  
Core Training

The core is at the center of most sports movements. What the core musculature is, how it is evaluated, how it is trained, and how it is applied to functional performance can sometimes be confusing to coaches. The benefits of a sound, research-based core training program is essential to all sport; therefore it must be included in coach’s education. The core musculature is separated into two systems: local (stabilization) and global (movement). Exercises can be separated into three categories: core-stability, core-strength, and functional exercises. A multifaceted approach that addresses the three planes of movement combining medicine-ball work, body-weight circuits, controlled movements, abdominal exercises, dumbbell complexes, and Olympic lifts can provide physiological and biomechanical advantages that enhance preparation for most every sport.

scholarly journals The impact of periodized core training program on accurate service velocity of male tennis players aged 11-1311-13 yaş arası erkek tenisçilerde periyotlanmış core antrenman programının isabetli servis hızına etkisi

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 3022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozan Sever ◽  
Rıdvan Kır ◽  
Metin Yaman
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Core Stabilization ◽  
Core Training ◽  
Training Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of periodized core training program on the serve velocity in male tennis players aged 11-13 years. 24 male nationally ranged (age 11.9±1.63, height 154.4±11.32, weight 43±8.76) participated to the study from a professional tennis club. Pre-post-training - control group design was applied and subjects were randomly assigned to Control Group and Training Group. Training Group participated to the core training program consisted of isometric and isotonic core stabilization exercises on stable and nonstable surfaces, three days in a week for 8 weeks in addition to tennis training sessions. Accurate service velocity, was assessed initially and at the end of the 8-week core program for both control and training groups. There was a significant improvement (6.6 %) in the serve velocity for the training group after the experiment, whereas there were no differences in the control group. Core stabilization training improved service velocity for young tennis players. It is recommended tennis coaches to apply periodized core stabilization exercises to young athletes and plan training programs in this way. Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı 11-13 yaş arası erkek tenisçilerde periyodlanmış core antrenman programının isabetli servis hızına etkisini incelemektir. Çalışmaya profesyonel bir tenis kulübünden ulusal müsabık 24 erkek tenisçi (yaş 11.9±1.63, boy 154.4±11.32, ağırlık 43±8.76) katılmıştır. Araştırmada ön-test son-test kontrol gruplu model uygulanmış, denekler iki gruba rastgele atanmıştır. 12 sporcu Kontrol Grubunu, 12 sporcu ise Deney Grubunu oluşturmuştur. Deney Grubuna haftanın üç günü yarım saatlik 8 hafta boyunca toplamda 24 antrenman birimi stabil ve stabil olmayan yüzeylerde izometrik ve izotonik core stabilizasyon egzersizlerinden oluşan program, tenis antrenmanlarına ek olarak uygulanmıştır. Program öncesi ve sonrasında her katılımcı maksimal hızda 10 servis kullanarak en hızlı ve geçerli atışları kaydedilmiştir. Core antrenman uygulaması sonrası Kontrol Grubunun servis atış hızı değişmezken, Deney Grubu servis atış hızını ortalama 120.93 km/s hızdan 128.6 km/s hıza (% 6.6) çıkarmıştır. Core antrenman uygulamalarının genç tenisçilerde isabetli servis hızını olumlu etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Tenis antrenörlerinin yüksek şiddet içermeyen, core antrenmanlarını ve stabilizasyon uygulamalarını genç sporcularda uygulamasının yararlı olacağı düşünülmekte ve antrenman programlarını buna göre planlamaları tavsiye edilmektedir.

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