scholarly journals Gender Stereotyping Among School-Going Female and Male Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Rural Area of Western Maharashtra, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Baliram Waghachavare ◽  
Girish Bhimrao Dhumale ◽  
Jitesh Hanmantrao Kadam
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Gender Stereotyping ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
And Gender

Introduction: Gender stereotyping is the generalized and ambiguous impression of an individual's roles in society based on one's gender, remarkably difficult to abandon. These biases play an important role in vocational choices. The aim of the current research was to study attitudes towards women, gender stereotyping, and gender biases among adolescent boys and girls from a rural area. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted from Sept. 2016 to Aug. 2017 among rural school-going adolescents. A total of 826 samples were included in the study with convenience multi-stage sampling. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and Mann-Whitney U test. The data entry and analysis were performed using MS Excel and SPSS-22 with 5 % significant level. Results: The mean age of 826 participants was 13.99 years with 297 (36%) being males. A higher percentage of the participants had a positive attitude towards females (83.9%) as well as a positive attitude towards crime against women (79.1%). However, gender stereotyping (54.6%) and male bias (58.6%)were present in the majority among them. There was a significant  correlation between all the scales and gender (p<0.05); with better attitudes among females. Conclusion: Although the overall attitude towards females was better in adolescents, gender bias remains an important problem.

scholarly journals Kepuasan Klien Dengan Komunikasi Terapeutik Perawat Rumah Sakit Kepolisian Pusat Raden Said Soekanto

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fandizal ◽  
Duma Lumban Tobing ◽  
Evin Novianti
Keyword(s):  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Client Satisfaction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Therapeutic Communication ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Communication Techniques ◽  
Research Type

Objective: to identify Relationship between attitude and therapeutic communication techniques with the level of client satisfaction.Methods: This article use Cross-sectional study design from descriptive-analytic research type. The measuring instrument uses 25 questionnaires. The number of samples in this study was 209 clients from a total of 442 clients. Data analysis using Chi-Square and Gamma Test.Results:  The level of client satisfaction with nurses' therapeutic communication techniques and attitudes was 53.10%. A positive attitude of nurses in therapeutic communication 64.6% of clients expressed satisfaction, while 65.2% of clients were satisfied with good techniques in nurse therapeutic communication. There is a Relationship between Attitudes and Therapeutic Communication Techniques with Client Satisfaction Levels with ρ 0,001 and 0,000.Conclusion:  There is a significant and strong enough relationship between attitude and techniques therapeutic communication with the level of client satisfaction.

scholarly journals Knowledge of antenatal care among mothers of infants in rural area of Belagavi: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 4838
Author(s):  
Pragya Sinha ◽  
Praveena R. Gunagi ◽  
R. G. Viveki ◽  
Manjunath Kamble ◽  
Sunanda Halki
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is the care given to pregnant women for safe pregnancy and healthy babies. It is the most effective health intervention for preventing maternal morbidity and mortality. Health knowledge is an important element which enables women to be aware of their health status and promotes service utilization which further improves the health of the beneficiaries. This study was conducted among mothers of rural area of Belagavi with an objective to determine the level of knowledge related to ANC and the factors associated with the same.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in February-April 2018 among mothers who had delivered within one year from date of study and who had registered and availed antenatal services in field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, BIMS, Belagavi. Sample size was calculated as 161. Mothers were selected using systematic sampling. Data was collected after obtaining an informed, written consent from the participants and was compiled, tabulated and analysed in MS Excel. The results are presented as percentage and proportions and chi square test has been applied.Results: 50% participants had fair knowledge regarding ANC. The level of knowledge was found to be statistically significant with employment status and BPL status.Conclusions: The study found adequate knowledge among majority of mothers. 

scholarly journals An evaluation on the association between sleep and dietary patterns with obesity - an online cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 691-697
Author(s):  
Karthik V ◽  
Sridevi G ◽  
Leslie Rani S
Keyword(s):  
Food Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Junk Food ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
And Gender

This survey was taken up to analyze the association between food habits and sleep with obesity. The survey involved 200 healthy participants of both genders.  A cross sectional study was planned among the saveetha university students. Generalised questionnaires which assess the food habits of the participants was designed to find how it relates with obesity and PITTSBURGH sleep quality index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep habits of the subject during the past one month. The responses of the questions were tabulated and the correlation of food habits and sleep with the tendency of obesity and gender-related analysis was done using SPSS software version 22 and the statistical test used was chi-square test and the significance value was fixed at p < 0.05. The results revealed that about 49% of people have trouble sleeping. 51% of people less than once a week face trouble. 53 % of people use the bathroom in the middle of sleep. 56% of people drink soft drinks two times per day. There were also significant changes among genders in the intake of junk food intake, appetite and sleep rating. Thus the study concluded that food habits with the intake of junk food and sleep deprivation with gender correlation predispose to obesity.

scholarly journals Hubungan Merokok dengan Kejadian Hipertensi pada Laki-Laki Usia 35-65 Tahun di Kota Padang

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yashinta Octavian Gita Setyanda ◽  
Delmi Sulastri ◽  
Yuniar Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage

AbstrakHipertensi merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian tertinggi pada masyarakat di dunia. Penyakit ini disebut juga the silent killer. Prevalensi hipertensi telah mencapai angka 31,7% dari semua penduduk. Peningkatan ini diakibatkan perubahan gaya hidup yang salah satunya merokok. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kebiasaan merokok termasuk lama merokok, jumlah rokok dan jenis rokok dengan hipertensi. Desain penelitian berupa cross-sectional study. Populasi adalah laki-laki yang berusia 35-65 tahun di empat kecamatan terpilih di kota Padang. Jumlah subjek sebanyak 92 orang yang diambil secara multi stage random sampling. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini ialah kuesioner untuk data responden dan karakteristik kebiasaan merokok, serta sphygmomanometer untuk mengukur tekanan darah. Data dianalisis dengan uji chi-square dengan p < 0,05 untuk signifikansi. Hasil penelitian didapatkan ada hubungan antara kebiasaan merokok dengan hipertensi (p=0,003) yaitu dipengaruhi oleh lama merokok (p=0,017) dan jenis rokok (p=0,017), tetapi tidak terdapat hubungan antara jumlah rokok dengan kejadian hipertensi (p=0,412). Oleh karena kebiasaan merokok meningkatkan risiko hipertensi, penyuluhan kesehatan tentang risiko peningkatan tekanan darah terhadap penderita hipertensi yang memiliki kebiasaan merokok harus dilakukan. Hal ini diperlukan agar terjadi penurunan angka kejadian hipertensi.Kata Kunci: hipertensi, kebiasaan merokok, lama merokok, jumlah rokok, jenis rokok AbstractHypertension is one of the major causes of death in the world. This disease is called silent killer. The prevalence of hypertension has reached 31.7% of the population. It increases because of lifestyle changes, one of them is smoking. The objective of this study was to determine the association between smoking habits including duration of smoking, number of cigarettes, and type of cigarettes with hypertension. The research design was cross-sectional study. The population was 35-65 years old men in four selected districts in Padang. There were 92 subjects who were taken by multi-stage random sampling. The instruments of this research were questionnaire for data of respondents and smoking habit characteristics, also sphygmomanometer for blood pressure measurements. Data were analyzed by chi-square test with p value < 0.05 for significance. The result of this study showed that there is association between smoking habit and hypertension (p=0.003) which is influenced by duration of smoking (p=0.017) and type of smoking (p=0.017), but there is no association between number of cigarettes with the incidence of hypertension (p=0.412). As smoking habits increase the risk of hypertension, health promotion about the risk of blood pressure increasing in the patient who has a smoking habit should be done. It is important in order to decrease the incidence of hypertension.Keywords: hypertension, duration of smoking, number of cigarettes, type of cigarettes

scholarly journals Prevalence of domestic accidents in a rural area of Kerala: a cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 949
Author(s):  
Sobha George ◽  
Nimitha Paul ◽  
Paul T. Francis ◽  
K. Leelamoni
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Responsible Adult

Background: Domestic accidents are important worldwide public health problems which require increased attention. A domestic accident means an accident that takes place at home or its immediate surroundings. Domestic accidents can result in disability and loss of productivity. The aim of the study was to find the prevalence of domestic accidents in a rural area and the various epidemiological factors associated with it. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was done in a rural area of Kerala. The study period was April-May 2016. Face to face interview with a responsible adult informant was done to collect information from 403 households consisting of 1826 individuals using a semi-structured questionnaire after getting consent. Data was tabulated using MS Excel and analysed using SPSS version 20. Qualitative variables expressed as percentages and association found out using Chi square test.Results: The prevalence of domestic accidents in the community was found to be 10.5% (9.14 – 11.95, 95% CI). Majority of the victims were females (66%). Falls were the most prevalent type of domestic accident (33.5%) and it was found to be significantly associated with age, educational status, place of occurrence and activity during accident. First aid kits were available only in 38.2% of houses. Conclusions: Increased awareness, specially among female population is needed to reduce domestic accidents. Take extra care of the extreme ages as they are more vulnerable to falls. It is essential that every house has a first aid kit. 

scholarly journals A cross sectional study to determine the health profile of brick kiln workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 5135
Author(s):  
Rufiat N. Kazi ◽  
Mangala M. Bote
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Health Profile ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Brick Kiln ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Occupational hazards involving the respiratory system, musculoskeletal system, skin and eyes are very commonly seen in the workers involved in the brick kiln industry. This study was designed to assess health profile of the brick kiln workers and to discuss sociodemographic profile affecting their health.Methods: This was a cross sectional study. 420 workers falling into the eligibility criteria, were selected from the 65 brick kiln factories in the study area. Multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select the brick kiln factories and the participants of the study. The responses given by the participants were entered in Microsoft Excel 2010 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Chi Square test was used to determine the association between the morbidities and sociodemographic variables.Results: Mean age of the workers was 35.34±10.96 years. 96.7% of the respondents were suffering from some or the other complaints, while 3.3% were not suffering from any complaints. Addiction was seen in 37.9% of the participants. Musculoskeletal complaints were the most common complaints followed by respiratory and skin complaints.Conclusions: Health of workers is affected due to conditions they work under. The older age group had more respiratory, dermatological and ophthalmic complaints. The group of workers employed as bigaaris as well as those who were working for more than 10 years had more respiratory and dermatological complaints.

scholarly journals Non-acceptance of permanent methods of contraception-a threat to small family norm: a cross-sectional study from the Northern state of India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 4150
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Amandeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Child ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Permanent Method

Background: India is second most populous country of the world after China and is expected to surpass China by 2024. In order to balance the population growth, replacement-level fertility – total fertility rate of 2.1 – needs to be achieved and sustained even at sub-national level. Acceptance of permanent family planning methods by young couples can be an effective way of eliminating risk of future pregnancies. The objective of the present study was to assess acceptance and determinants of acceptance of permanent methods of contraception among couples with two or more living children.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted during September 2017-April 2018 in Haldwani block of Nainital District of Uttarakhand, India. The study participants were selected by multi-stage sampling and were interviewed using semi-structured and pretested questionnaire. The statistical analysis was done using the software R. Chi-square test was used to test association between variables.Results: Among 221 interviewed study subjects, only 34.39% were using permanent method of contraception and out of these, 96.05% were acceptors of tubectomy while only 3.95% preferred vasectomy. One in four couples were not using any contraceptive method and rest chose temporary contraceptive techniques. Non-acceptors were especially high in case of couples with women belonging to lower age-group, living in joint families, having only one or no male child and with formal schooling.Conclusions: Non-acceptance of permanent method of contraception for limiting the family after two children was very high in the community and desire for male child being its important determinant.

Correlation between atopy and Covid-19: A cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1485-1487
Author(s):  
M. Z. Anwar ◽  
A. F. Anjum ◽  
M. Ur Rehman ◽  
S. A. A. Gardezi ◽  
I. Rafique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Health Related ◽  
And Gender

The whole world is facing one of the biggest health related disasters of the century. As a novel disease, Covid-19 has so many parameters yet to explore. Objectives: To explore any correlation between atopy and Covid-19 among residents of Gujrat and Kharian, Punjab, Pakistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methodology: This study with enrolled subjects (n=206) was carried out after ethical review committee’s (ERC) approval at Life Diabetes Centre, Gujrat and CMH Kharian Medical College (CKMC), over a period of 3 months, Kharian-Pakistan. Both male and female medical subjects were enrolled. Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed by SPSS software, version 17. Parameters like gender, allergy and treatment taken were presented as frequency and percentage. Chi square was applied to see the correlation with p-value <0.05 as significant. Results: Total 206 patients were randomly selected, 89 male and 117 females. Among 206, only 13 patients had allergy from different allergens. Only 2 patients required hospitalization and injectable treatment. Conclusion: We concluded that there is strong affiliation between atopy and Covid-19 presentations. Key Words: Covid-19, Atopy, Treatment and Gender.

scholarly journals Obesitas dan hubungannya dengan polimorfisme gena promoter 5-HT2A, tekanan darah, profil lipid, kadar glukosa, dan malondialdehid

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Pramudji Hastuti ◽  
Nur Anisah ◽  
Johan Iswara Siagian ◽  
Kautsar Prastudia Eko Binuko ◽  
Aidil Adhla
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Or Gene ◽  
And Gender

Background: Obesity among adults has risen significantly in the world-cutting across all ages, racial and ethnic groups and gender. The 5-HT 2A receptor is crucially involved in regulation of body weight and the appetite. Disturbances in the distribution and or gene regulation of the postsynaptic 5-HT2A receptor are implicated in the pathophysiology of conditions such as obesity, coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, stroke dan some cancers.Objective: To test the association between obesity with polymorphism of promoter -1438G→A 5-HT2A receptors gene, blood pressure, lipid profiles, levels of blood glucose and malondialdehyde (MDA).Method: This cross-sectional study included thirty six unrelated obese young people (BMI ≥ 30) recruited from populations in Yogyakarta and 36 controls with age matched with BMI ≤ 25. Statistical differences between blood pressure, lipid profiles, glucose and MDA levels were assessed by t-test and genotypes by Chi square test.Results: There were no significant difference in blood pressure lipid profile, level of glucose and MDA in obese group compared with control (p>0,05). Allele A and G frequency in obese group 25% and 75% respectively, and controls 22.2% and 77.8% respectively, and no significant difference in all two groups, but G allele had higher risk to obese than A allele.Conclusion: These data indicated G allele was mild risk factor for obesity.

scholarly journals Perception and practices during the COVID-19 pandemic in an urban community in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olayinka Ilesanmi ◽  
Aanuoluwapo Afolabi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Communication ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background Various perceptions and practices have been associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we assessed the perception and practices regarding COVID-19 among residents in selected urban communities of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study design using a multi-stage sampling technique was used to recruit 360 respondents (Mean age: 33.2 ± 10.6 years; 62.5% females) from households in Ibadan. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire from 3rd to 6th June 2020. Those who demonstrated washing of the palm, back of the hand, spaces between the fingers, fingernails, wrist, and thumbs had six points and were categorized to have had a good practice of handwashing. Descriptive statistics were conducted. Bivariate analyses of sociodemographic characteristics and good handwashing practices were conducted using Chi-square test. Logistic regression was conducted to identify the determinants of good handwashing practices. P-values < 0.05 were statistically significant. Results Going to the hospital (95%) and calling the COVID-19 help number (58.3%) were the frequently reported practices among respondents following the development of COVID-19 symptoms. Also, 89 (26%) knew they could contract COVID-19, while 41 (12%) perceived it as an exaggerated event. The effects most frequently reported by respondents were hunger/low income (48.8%) and academic delay (8.8%). Use of face masks by 64.5% and social distancing (48%) were the most frequently reported practices for prevention. Only 71 (20.8%) demonstrated good handwashing practices. The perception of the likelihood to contract COVID-19 and practices to prevent COVID-19 had a weak correlation of 0.239 (p < 0.001). Conclusion Gaps exist in the practices that prevent COVID-19. There is a need to improve handwashing, use of face masks and other practices that prevent COVID-19. Implications across public health communication and policies were stated.

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