scholarly journals BIOACTIVITIES OF MAHONI’S (Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.) SEED ETHANOLIC EXTRACT ON THE PARASITEMIC LEVEL OF Plasmodium berghei IN MICE Mus musculus

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Rr. Upiek Ngesti Wibawaning Astuti ◽  
Imam Fathoni ◽  
Tanti Rahayu ◽  
Ahmad Rizki Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
The Other ◽  
Swietenia Mahagoni

<p>Bioactivities evaluation of mahoni’s seed ethanolic extract on the parasitemic level of Plasmodium berghei have conducted in Parasitology laboratory Universitas Gadjah Mada. Peter’s four days test (1970) was used in this research. There were 27 of mice and randomly was devided into 9 groups, 3 mice of each groups. There were 4 groups of controls: control with extract only, control with P. berghei infection only, control with P. berghei infection and chloroquin, and placebo. The other 5 groups of treated mice were mice treated with extract at the dose 5,75; 12.5; 25; 50; and100 mg/kg of body weight. Results showed that saponin and terpenoid were detected as bioactive compound. Mahoni’s seed extract at the dose 50 mg/kg of body weight gave the good effectivness in reducing the parasite up to 60% compare with control + chloroquin. </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Plasmodium berghei, Swietenia mahagoni, parasitemic level, mice</p>

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Biji Caesalpinia Sp terhadap Jumlah Eritrosit Mus musculus yang Diinfeksi Plasmodium berghei serta Implementasinya dalam Pembelajaran Kimia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-199
Author(s):  
Nurleli Nurleli ◽  
Agus Sundaryono ◽  
Aceng Ruyani
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Chemistry Learning ◽  
Layer Chromatography

AbstraCT[Activity test of Caesalpinia sp seed extract on erythrocytes amount of Mus musculus infected by Plasmodium berghei and its implementation in chemistry learning]. The aims of this study were to (1) determine the activity of seed extract (Caesalpinia sp) on the number of Erythrocytes of M. Musculus of Swiss Webster Strain infected by P.berghei, (2) Find  the active compounds obtained from the isolation of Caesalpinia sp seed extract (3) Find the differences in student learning outcomes about the separation of secondary metabolites using thin layer chromatography (TLC) which is taught in chemistry learning by using LKS. In this study Caesalpinia sp seed extract was purified by thin layer chromatography and column coromatography, and was identified by IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. M. musculus infected with P. berghei was given Caesalpinia sp seed extract at a dose of 0.028 g/Kgbb, 0.056 g/Kgbb, and 0.084 g / Kgbb by gavage, while the positive control group was given Kloroquin diphosphate, negative control was given olive oil. Caesalpinia sp seed extract with a dose of 0.056 g/Kgbb inhibited the highest plasmodium, which was 42.89% and even exceeded the malaria drug commonly used chloroquin diphosphate 29.85%. Caesalpinia sp seed extract capable of reducing plasmodium in erythrocytes is also able to increase the number of uninfected erythrocytes. The active compounds obtained from the isolation of Caesalpinia sp seed extract are alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids. In the implementation of extracurricular group learning is taught by using worksheets. There are significant differences where the average posttest score is 88.67 and the average pretest is 32.1. Keywords: Caesalpinia Sp.; Erythrocyte; Plasmodium berghei; Mus muscullus; Student working sheet.

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Biji Caesalpinia Sp terhadap Jumlah Eritrosit Mus musculus yang Diinfeksi Plasmodium berghei serta Implementasinya dalam Pembelajaran Kimia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurleli Nurleli ◽  
Agus Sundaryono ◽  
Aceng Ruyani
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Chemistry Learning ◽  
Layer Chromatography

AbstraCT[Activity test of Caesalpinia sp seed extract on erythrocytes amount of Mus musculus infected by Plasmodium berghei and its implementation in chemistry learning]. The aims of this study were to (1) determine the activity of seed extract (Caesalpinia sp) on the number of Erythrocytes of M. Musculus of Swiss Webster Strain infected by P.berghei, (2) Find  the active compounds obtained from the isolation of Caesalpinia sp seed extract (3) Find the differences in student learning outcomes about the separation of secondary metabolites using thin layer chromatography (TLC) which is taught in chemistry learning by using LKS. In this study Caesalpinia sp seed extract was purified by thin layer chromatography and column coromatography, and was identified by IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. M. musculus infected with P. berghei was given Caesalpinia sp seed extract at a dose of 0.028 g/Kgbb, 0.056 g/Kgbb, and 0.084 g / Kgbb by gavage, while the positive control group was given Kloroquin diphosphate, negative control was given olive oil. Caesalpinia sp seed extract with a dose of 0.056 g/Kgbb inhibited the highest plasmodium, which was 42.89% and even exceeded the malaria drug commonly used chloroquin diphosphate 29.85%. Caesalpinia sp seed extract capable of reducing plasmodium in erythrocytes is also able to increase the number of uninfected erythrocytes. The active compounds obtained from the isolation of Caesalpinia sp seed extract are alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids. In the implementation of extracurricular group learning is taught by using worksheets. There are significant differences where the average posttest score is 88.67 and the average pretest is 32.1. Keywords: Caesalpinia Sp.; Erythrocyte; Plasmodium berghei; Mus muscullus; Student working sheet.

scholarly journals UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MALAKA (Phyllantus emblica) TERHADAP MENCIT (Mus musculus). (Acute Toxicity Test of Ethanolic Extract of Malaka (Phyllantus emblica) Leaves on Mice (Mus musculus))

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-194
Author(s):  
T. Armansyah TR ◽  
Sudi Indriany ◽  
Amalia Sutriana ◽  
Rosmaidar Rosmaidar ◽  
Nuzul Asmilia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Toxicity Symptom ◽  
Observation Period

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to asses the acute toxicity of ethanolic extract of malaka leaves using lethal dose 50 (LD50) on mice (Mus musculus). Twenty male mice weighing between 20-30 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (group K1-K4) of 5 mice each. All mice in group K1, K2, K3, and K4 were administered ethanolic extract of malaka leaves with the dose of 2, 4, 8, and 16 g/kg bw, respectively. Single dose of ethanolic extract of malaka leaves were given by oral gavage prior to clinical observation . The observation period was 14 days post administration, for sign of toxicity symptom, weight loss, and mortality. The result showed that no mortality was observed in the experimental animals during this study. Slight reduction of body weight was observed in group K2, K3, and K4, and no toxicity sign was found during fourteen days of observation. The LD50 of ethanolic extract of malaka leaves was higher than 16 g/kg body weight, thus, the substance was practically non toxic substance.

scholarly journals Hematological and Histopathological Profiles of Swiss Albino Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei upon Treatment with Cooked Tetracarpidium conophorum Seed Ethanol Extract

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-37
Author(s):  
Dada Ebenezer ◽  
Oladipo Faith Temiloluwa
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Group 5

Aim: This study was conducted to verify the hematological and histopathological outcome of cooked ethanol seed extract of Tetracarpidium conophorum in swiss albino mice infected with Plasmodium berghei (NK65). Study Design: Descriptive study. Methodology: Standard methods were conducted to determine the phyto-chemical profile of cooked T. conophorum seed ethanol extract, hematological, histopathological indices and biochemical assay. Mice were assembled into five groups (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) of seven each. The mice in group 4 were treated with a customary antimalarial drug (chloroquine as positive control) at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight, while mice in groups 3, 2 and 1 was administered with increasing dosages (200, 400, 800 mg/kg body weight) of seed extracts for four consecutive days respectively. Results: The qualitative phytochemical screening of T. conophorum seed extract revealed the presence of bioactive components such as saponin, tannins, flavonoid, terpenoid. Saponin (16.82 mg/100 g) was the highest occurring phytochemical followed by terpenoid (10.39 mg/100 g), glycoside (5.9 mg/100 g), tannin (2.8 mg/100 g) and flavonoid (1.17 mg/100 g), while steroid only had a trace presence. Hematological parameters revealed mice in all groups do not possess significantly different mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Mice in group 5 (infected and not treated) demonstrated lowest values of hemoglobin, platelet, and packed cell volume with a significantly lower % eosin. There was considerable decrease in the levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase in group 5 compared to mice in groups 1, 2, and 3. Conclusion: Ameliorative effects of seed extract were observed on the liver and kidney of mice at dose levels (200 mg/kg) used, but the 400 mg/kg restored the kidney but had adverse effect on the liver. This study therefore shows that cooked T. conophorum is generally less effective and could not be employed for treatment of malaria.

scholarly journals Attenuation of Carbon Tetrachloride – Induced Hepatoxicity by Dacryodes edulis Seeds Ethanolic Extract in Male Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 9490-9500
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Dacryodes Edulis

Dacryodes edulis (African pear) seed has a long history of use in ethnomedicine. However, there is a paucity of information on its ameliorative potential on hepatic damage. In the present study, the potentials of D. edulis ethanolic seed extract (DET) in attenuating carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats was assessed. Ninety male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 10) designated: control, CCl4, and DET, respectively. Animals in the control group were administered 2 mL/kg body weight corn oil, while those assigned to CCl4 and DET groups were administered i.p. 30% CCl4 in corn oil (1:1 v/v) at 2 mL/kg. Treatment was administered once every 24 h consecutively for 72 h. Thereafter, control and CCl4 groups were treated once daily with 1 mL distilled water by gavage, while DET rats were treated once daily with 1500 mg/kg DET by gavage. At every 7 days interval and for 28 consecutive days, animals were starved overnight, weighed, and six rats from each group were sacrificed under anesthesia to collect blood and liver samples. After 28 days, remarkable improvements in feed intake, body weight, serum levels of hepatic function indicators, and hepatic histology were observed in DET rats compared to CCl4 rats. These results suggest a possible ameliorative potential of D. edulis ethanolic seed extract against CCl4-induced hepatic injury.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and antimalarial properties of Sophora exigua Craib. root extract in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kantarakorn Kaewdana ◽  
Prapaporn Chaniad ◽  
Pitchanee Jariyapong ◽  
Arisara Phuwajaroanpong ◽  
Chuchard Punsawad
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Breast Milk Production

Abstract Background Sophora exigua Craib. is commonly used in Thailand to reduce fever and increase postpartum breast milk production in women who have hypogalactia. However, there has been no report on the antioxidant and antimalarial properties of this plant. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antimalarial activities of S. exigua root extract and to evaluate its acute toxicity in mice to confirm its safety. Methods The in vitro antioxidant activities were determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide radical, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. The in vivo antioxidant activities were determined by detecting the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the livers of malaria-infected mice. The in vivo antimalarial activity was determined by Peters’ 4-day suppressive test in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA and orally administered S. exigua root aqueous and ethanolic extracts at different doses (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight). In addition, the acute oral toxicity of the plant extracts was assessed in mice at a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. Results The ethanolic extract of S. exigua root exhibited inhibition of DPPH radicals, superoxide anions, and hydroxyl radicals, with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 24.63 ± 1.78, 129.78 ± 0.65, and 30.58 ± 1.19 μg/ml, respectively. Similarly, research on the in vivo antioxidant activity indicated that the ethanolic extract of S. exigua root exerted a stronger effect than the aqueous extract. The aqueous extract at doses of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg had stronger antimalarial activity than the ethanolic extract. The aqueous extract at 600 mg/kg exhibited 60.46% suppression of parasitemia. Increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were detected in the mice treated with 2000 mg/kg ethanolic extract, which was related to the results of histopathological analysis of liver tissue, showing ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes, diffuse hepatic hemorrhage, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Conclusions This study demonstrated that the ethanolic S. exigua root extract possessed antioxidant properties, and the aqueous extract also had antimalarial activity. Therefore, this plant is an alternative source of new antioxidant and antimalarial agents.

scholarly journals The Effect of Niella sativa Linn. Ground Seed Extract on Cotton Pellet Induced Inflammation in Rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
S Parveen ◽  
Z A Begum
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Granuloma Formation ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Ground Seed ◽  
Cotton Pellet ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

The study was done to find out the anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanolic extract of ground seeds of Nigella swim in inflammed rats. The effect was compared with reference standard drugs aspirin and hydrocortisone. Chronic it was induced by implantation of a sterile cotton pellet in rut's groin region. Treatment with Nigella saliva extract at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight and at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight orally daily for 14 days produced anti-inflammatory effect. The percentage of inhibition of granuloma formation were 19.30% and 41.42% respectively. Administration of aspirin and hydrocortisone for 14 days showed also anti-inflanunatoq effect and the percentage of inhibition of granuloma formation were 27.67% and 38.58% respectively.

scholarly journals The Morphological Effects of Methandienone on Sperm Head in Male Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-648
Author(s):  
Marwah Y. Falih ◽  
Abbas A. Mohammed ◽  
Ghassan M. Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Sperm Morphology ◽  
Sperm Head ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Genetic Damage ◽  
Head Morphology ◽  
And Control

The objective of the present study is to detect the effects of methandienone on sperm head morphology of male (Mus musculus) mice. For this purpose 55 adult male mice were used and divided into five groups: both of the control -ve and control +ve (CFA) have consisted of 5 mice, and the other three treated groups consisted of 15 mice injected orally with three doses (low, medium and high) (0.125, 0.25, 0.5) mgkg body weight methandienone, with periods (7, 21, 35) days. At the end of the treatment periods morphological abnormalities of sperm were examed. The results showed the presence of abnormal change in the form of the sperms head morphology, the effect of methandienone was dose and time dependents. The significant abnormal shapes of sperms head were observed; they were swelling head, head acrosome loss, apical hook, hammerhead, acrosome defective and other abnormalities. From these results, we can conclude Methadinone has the potential to increase the rate of deformity of head sperm morphology when increasing dose and duration of the drug, indicating that may be a genetic damage happened affects the stages of sperm formation and this needs further studies and in spite of methandienone medical uses and advantages, dose and period of treatment must be determined by a doctor.

scholarly journals Malacca leaf ethanolic extract (Phyllanthus emblica) as a hepatoprotector of the liver of mice (Mus musculus) infected with Plasmodium berghei

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1457-1461
Author(s):  
Nuzul Asmilia ◽  
Dwinna Aliza ◽  
Yudha Fahrimal ◽  
Mahdi Abrar ◽  
Sulaiman Ashary
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phyllanthus Emblica ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration

Background and Aim: Although existing research confirms the antiparasitic effect of the Malacca plant against Plasmodium, its effect on the liver, one of the target organs of Plasmodium has not been investigated. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the potential of the ethanolic extract of Malacca (Phyllanthus emblica) leaves in preventing liver damage in mice (Mus musculus) caused by Plasmodium berghei infection. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using the livers of 18 mice fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin. A completely randomized design with a unidirectional pattern comprising six treatments was used in this study, with each treatment consisting of three replications. Treatment 0 was the negative control group infected with P. berghei, treatment 1 was the positive control group infected with P. berghei followed by chloroquine administration at a dose of 5 mg/kg BW, and treatments 2, 3, 4, and 5 were groups infected with P. berghei and administered Malacca leaf ethanolic extracts at doses of 100, 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg BW, respectively. The extracts were administered orally using a gastric tube for 4 consecutive days. Mice were sacrificed on the 7th day and livers were collected for histopathological examination. Results: Histopathological examination of the livers of mice infected with P. berghei demonstrated the presence of hemosiderin, hydropic degeneration, fat degeneration, necrosis, and megalocytosis. However, all these histopathological changes were reduced in the livers of P. berghei-infected mice treated with various doses of Malacca leaf ethanolic extract. The differences between the treatments were found be statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of Malacca leaves has the potential to protect against liver damage in mice infected with P. berghei. The dose of 600 mg/kg BW was found to be the most effective compared with the doses of 100, 300, and 1200 mg/kg BW.

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