scholarly journals Sustainable Architecture for Future High Density Cities: An Applied Design Approach

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chitraj Bissoonauth ◽  
Christiane M. Herr ◽  
Thomas Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
High Density ◽  
General Notion ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Urban Problems ◽  
Urban Contexts ◽  
Applied Design

This paper presents a series of speculative, research-driven architectural design proposals addressing sustainability in the high-density urban contexts of Shanghai and Hong Kong. The projects each address specific urban problems arising from the site contexts while also developing and utilising innovative ideas generated from architectural and technological considerations. Design results include speculative mid-rise buildings that employ innovative sustainable design approaches ranging from the social to the material dimension. While findings confirm the general notion that an integrated architectural approach must address social, ecological and economic issues to ensure sustainability and viability, this paper further informs researchers as well as practitioners in the creative disciplines with regards to the short- and long-term priorities we have established amongst these issues through the discussed investigation.

School bullying: its nature and ecology

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy L. Espelage ◽  
Lisa De La Rue
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short And Long Term

Abstract Background: Recent youth suicides only highlight a persistent problem in schools – bullying and sustained peer victimization. Being a target or victim of bullying has long been recognized has having short- and long-term psychological effects on children and adolescents across the world today. School bullying is one of the most significant public health concerns facing children and adolescents. Objective: Involvement in the social phenomena of school bullying is often explained as emerging from a wide range of risk and protective factors within the social-ecology of youth. The social-ecological model posits that bullying behaviors are shaped by various interrelated contexts including individual characteristics, family, peers and the school environment. Methods: Research is reviewed to highlight the correlates of bullying involvement across these context using social-ecological and social-learning frameworks. Meta-analytic studies are reviewed on the short- and long-term impact of bullying involvement and efficacy of bullying prevention programs. Specific recommendations for prevention planning and future research efforts are provided. Conclusions: Bullying is a multi-faceted issue, which is best understood in the larger social context in which it occurs. Individual characteristics of students contribute to bullying involve­ment when students have families that promote violence, teachers that ignore or dismiss bullying, schools that have negative climates and students who socialize with friends who bully. These social contexts need to be targeted in bully prevention programs to reduce bullying and peer victimization in schools.

Issues and Challenges of Asian Development

Worldview ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Saburo Okita
Keyword(s):  
Growth Opportunities ◽  
Asian Development ◽  
Good Shape ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Oil Crisis ◽  
Complicated Nature

The economy of Southeast Asia has been in relatively good shape in spite of the instability of the world monetary system, trade deficits, and the worldwide oil crisis. There are promising factors for economic growth, opportunities for employment, and possibilities of rising income. But Asian development presents short-and long-term problems of a very complicated nature. One of the most serious problems is inflation and its impact on the social and political programs of individual countries. At the same time, there are severe shortages of basic commodities, such as oil and food. My own country, Japan, is among those affected.

scholarly journals Examining the COVID-19 Response of Canadian Grantmaking Foundations: Possibilities, Tensions, and Long-Term Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Saifer ◽  
Isidora G. Sidorovska ◽  
Manuel Litalien ◽  
Fontan Jean-Marc
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Philanthropic Foundations ◽  
Justice Sociale ◽  
The Social ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
Grantmaking Foundations

This article explores how Canadian philanthropic foundations with social justice mandates responded to the social and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic by loosening restrictions for grantees; collaborating on new initiatives; elevating grassroots knowledge; and balancing short- and long-term priorities. This response, however, revealed a series of tensions in the dominant pre-COVID-19 philanthropic model—specifically, as a mechanism to address the social, econ- omic, and ecological crises that predate COVID-19. The early pandemic response of grantmaking foundations can there- fore serve as a model for what a more democratic, agile, collaborative, and justice-oriented philanthropic sector can look like. RÉSUMÉ Cet article examine la réponse de fondations philanthropiques canadiennes aux enjeux de justice sociale pendant la pandémie de COVID-19. Elles l’ont fait en assouplissant les exigences exigées aux donataires; en collaborant autour de nouvelles initiatives; en priorisant l’expertise des communautés; et en équilibrant les priorités à long et à court terme. Cette réponse révèle les tensions inhérentes au modèle classique de l’action philanthropique, particulièrement dans les façons de répondre aux crises sociales, économiques et écologiques. La réponse actuelle fournit des bases solides pour repenser le modèle d’action du secteur philanthropique subventionnaire afin qu’il soit plus démocratique, plus collaboratif et plus axé sur la justice.

scholarly journals POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION IN MOTHERS AND FATHERS – AN UNDERESTIMATED DIAGNOSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-161
Author(s):  
Anca A. Simionescu ◽  
◽  
Andreea Hetea ◽  
Maria Ghita ◽  
Ana Maria Alexandra Stanescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Long Term Consequences

Postpartum depression remains a significant healthcare priority due to the social and family consequences. Research has shown that both mothers and fathers experience significant psychological changes during pregnancy and postnatally, including depressive disorders. Underdiagnosed in most cases, the short and long-term consequences involve infant and child development, family’s life and social disruption. Because this pathology may lead to deviation from behavioural and social norms, we want to emphasize that timely and appropriate diagnostic can improve the effectiveness of treatments and avoid complications.This may contribute to optimal social, emotional and behavioural child development that may occur consecutively to family members” emotional and psychological manifestations.

scholarly journals Using Participatory System Dynamics Modeling to Address Complex Conservation Problems: Tiger Farming as a Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Rieder ◽  
Lincoln R. Larson ◽  
Michael 't Sas-Rolfes ◽  
Birgit Kopainsky
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Dynamics Modeling ◽  
Policy Conflict ◽  
Social Ecological Systems ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Tiger Conservation ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Conservation practitioners routinely work within complex social-ecological systems to address threats facing biodiversity and to promote positive human-wildlife interactions. Inadequate understanding of the direct and indirect, short- and long-term consequences of decision making within these dynamic systems can lead to misdiagnosed problems and interventions with perverse outcomes, exacerbating conflict. Participatory system dynamics (SD) modeling is a process that encourages stakeholder engagement, synthesizes research and knowledge, increases trust and consensus and improves transdisciplinary collaboration to solve these complex types of problems. Tiger conservation exemplifies a set of interventions in a complex social-ecological system. Wild tigers remain severely threatened by various factors, including habitat constraints, human-wildlife conflict, and persistent consumer demand for their body parts. Opinions differ on whether commercial captive tiger facilities reduce or increase the threat from poaching for trade, resulting in policy conflict among diverse stakeholder groups. This paper explains how we are working with international conservation partners in a virtual environment to utilize a participatory SD modeling approach with the goal of better understanding and promoting coexistence of humans and wild tigers. We highlight a step-by-step process that others might use to apply participatory SD modeling to address similar conservation challenges, building trust and consensus among diverse partners to reduce conflict and improve the efficacy of conservation interventions.

scholarly journals The social function of the feeling and expression of guilt

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 200617
Author(s):  
Eglantine Julle-Danière ◽  
Jamie Whitehouse ◽  
Aldert Vrij ◽  
Erik Gustafsson ◽  
Bridget M. Waller
Keyword(s):  
Dictator Game ◽  
Moral Emotions ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Experimental Setting ◽  
Relationship Context ◽  
The Social ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Relationship Breakdown ◽  
Functional Relevance

Humans are uniquely cooperative and form crucial short- and long-term social bonds between individuals that ultimately shape human societies. The need for such intense cooperation may have provided a particularly powerful selection pressure on the emotional and communicative behaviours regulating cooperative processes, such as guilt. Guilt is a social, other-oriented moral emotion that promotes relationship repair and pro-sociality. For example, people can be more lenient towards wrongdoers who display guilt than towards those who do not. Here, we examined the social consequences of guilt in a novel experimental setting with pairs of friends differing in relationship quality. Pairs of participants took part in a cooperative game with a mutual goal. We then induced guilt in one of the participants and informed the other participant of their partner's wrongdoing. We examined the outcome using a dictator game to see how they split a joint reward. We found that guilty people were motivated to repair wrongdoing regardless of friendship. Observing guilt in others led to a punishment effect and a victim of wrongdoing punished close friends who appeared guilty more so than acquaintances. We suggest, therefore, that guilt has a stronger function between close friends as the costs of relationship breakdown are greater. Relationship context, therefore, is crucial to the functional relevance of moral emotions.

scholarly journals A Novel ICT Framework for Sustainable Development Goals

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivera Kostoska ◽  
Ljupco Kocarev
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Social Ecological Systems ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Development Goals

Sustainable development is critical to ensure the future of humanity. Therefore, the assessment and governance of sustainability becomes a central challenge our society is facing. This paper provides a novel ICT framework for addressing sustainable development goals. It is characterized by both local and global considerations, in the context of economic, ecological, and social aspects of sustainable development. The framework consists of three modules: data module, sustainability module, and governance module. Data module integrates data from several sources, processes data, infers knowledge, and transforms data into understandable information and knowledge. The second module implements SDGs at the level of municipality/city, ensures ranking of locally transformed SDGs to arrange them in line with the values and needs of the local communities, and proposes an integrated approach in modeling the social-ecological systems. By implementing governance theories, the governance module permits an effective citizen engagement in governance of SDGs. The ICT framework addresses short-term and long-term SDGs and allows for the vertical and horizontal linkages among diverse stakeholders, as well as for their contributions to the nested rule structures employed at operational, collective, and constitutional levels. Thus, the framework we provide here ensures a paradigm shift in approaching SDGs for the advancement of our society.

The Value and Valuation of Maritime Cultural Heritage

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Claesson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Social ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Conservation Projects ◽  
Support Resource

AbstractMaritime cultural heritage is made up of finite and nonrenewable cultural resources including coastal or submerged prehistoric and indigenous archaeological sites and landscapes, historic waterfront structures, the remnants of seagoing vessels, and the maritime traditions and lifeways of the past and present. To date, evaluative tools used to assess the social and economic “value” of this heritage are extremely limited, the lack of which often results in the loss of maritime cultural resources and unrealized socioeconomic opportunities. Market and nonmarket valuations, derived from ecological economics and ecosystem assessments, are viable techniques that may be integrated into existing U.S. environmental and historic preservation regulatory procedures to support resource significance determinations. In doing so, decision-making regarding maritime cultural heritage can include assessments of the short- and long-term trade-offs of human actions, and can examine the socioeconomic costs and benefits of heritage conservation projects.

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