scholarly journals Assessment of Knowledge, Qualification, Experience, and Medication Dispensing Practices in South Karachi, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nauman Haider Siddiqui ◽  
Abdullah Dayo ◽  
Mudassar Iqbal Arain ◽  
Muhammad Ali Ghoto ◽  
Saira Shahnaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
School Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Secondary School Level ◽  
Dispensing Practices ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Drug stores in Pakistan are run by dispensers with varied knowledge, qualification, and experience. The current study was sought to explore the knowledge, qualification, experience, and dispensing practices among dispensers working in drugstores in South Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out using a structured questionnaire. Data were collected from medical stores in South Karachi which were then categorized, coded, and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Relationship among different study variables with pharmacist’s availability and personal experience was assessed using statistical non-parametric Chi-square test. A total of 385 samples obtained using a simple random sampling method were included in the study. However, only 210 responses on questionnaire were complete which were then selected for study analysis between October and December 2018. Results: Of the 210 surveyed drugstores, 9% of their staff had studied only till primary school, 5.7% till the eighth grade, 25.2% up to secondary school level, 26.7% till higher secondary school level, 15.7% had non-professional education, and 8.1% were professional graduate. Only 9% of them had a degree in Pharm. D or B. Pharm, while 0.5% had a post-graduation qualification. Furthermore, 44.8% of pharmacies had a valid pharmacy license but the pharmacist was physically absent in 91% of the drugstores. Majority of pharmacies did not maintain appropriate temperature (refrigerator and/or room temperature). Majority of dispensers did not review prescription particulars before dispensing medications and also dispensed medications on older prescriptions as well as without prescription. Conclusion: In conclusion, the overall knowledge and practices of dispensers working in drugstores was poor. However, the presence of pharmacist was associated with good dispensing practices to a certain extent.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pendidikan Mencuci Tangan Terhadap Perilaku Cuci Tangan Enam Tahap Pada Keluarga Pasien

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Gita Ayuningtyas ◽  
Nita Ekawati ◽  
Rahma Puspitasari
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
School Level ◽  
P Value ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Secondary School Level ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Impact

Nosocomial contamination is a disease that shows up in patients while going through treatment in a clinic or other wellbeing office that doesn't exist when the patient enters. Every patient undergoing treatment at the hospital is at risk of being exposed to nosocomial infections. The  patient's family can be an intermediary that can transmit the infection. Hand washing is a compelling method to break the chain of contamination. Providing handwashing education to the patient's family must be carried out by the entire community of the hospital. Increasing the patient's family's understanding of six-step washing can affect handwashing behavior. The purpose behind the examination was to decide the impact of hand washing schooling on six-venture handwashing conduct in the patient's family. The examination strategy utilized a quantitative methodology with a cross sectional plan did on 198 responden utilizing surveys and perceptions. The outcomes showed that most of respondents matured 36-45 years (41%), female sex 110 (56%), training at the secondary school level as much as 77 (39%), and experience with handwashing instruction expressed 90% of respondents had been uncovered. It tends to be closed from the chi-square test that there was a critical impact among hand washing instruction on six-venture handwashing conduct in the patient's family (p-value = 0.046).Suggestions can be given, namely nurses need to improve the provision of six-step hand washing education to the patient's family consistently and continuously.Keywords: EducationHand washingBehaviorPatient’s family ABSTRAKInfeksi nosokomial mengacu pada infeksi yang terjadi ketika pasien dirawat di rumah sakit atau fasilitas medis lain, dan infeksi ini tidak tersedia saat masuk. Setiap pasien rumah sakit berisiko terkena infeksi yang didapat di rumah sakit. Keluarga pasien dapat menjadi perantara yang dapat menyebarkan infeksi. Cuci tangan merupakan cara efektif untuk memutus rantai infeksi. Pemberian edukasi cuci tangan kepada keluarga pasien harus dilakukan oleh seluruh civitas rumah sakit. Peningkatan pemahaman keluarga pasien tentang cuci tanagn enam tahap dapat berpengaruh terhadap perilaku mencuci tangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui impak pendidikan cuci tangan terhadap konduite mencuci tangan enam tahap pada famili pasien. Metode penelitian memakai ancangan kuantitatif dengan memakai pola cross sectional yang dilakukan kepada 198 responden memakai kuesioner dan observasi. Hasil penelitian didapatkan mayoritas usia responden 36-45 tahun (41%), jenis kelamin wanita 110 (56%), pendidikan pada jenjang SMA sebanyak 77 (39%), dan pengalaman terhadap edukasi cuci tangan menyatakan 90% responden pernah terpapar. Dari uji chi-square dapat disimpulkan bahwa pendidikan cuci tangan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perilaku cuci tangan enam tahap keluarga pasien (p value = 0,046). Saran yang dapat diberikan yaitu perawat perlu meningkatkan pemberian edukasi cuci tangan enam tahap pada keluarga pasien secara konsisten dan berkesinambungan.Kata Kunci: EdukasiCuci tanganPerilakuKeluarga pasien

scholarly journals Setting – based prevalence and correlates of central obesity: findings from a cross-sectional study among formal sector employees in Dodoma City, Central Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam John Munyogwa ◽  
Kaloli Sayi Ntalima ◽  
Secilia Ng’weshemi Kapalata
Keyword(s):  
Central Obesity ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Background Obesity at the workplace has been associated with symptoms of lower self-esteem, increased individual and employer healthcare costs, increased absenteeism and presenteeism and reduced productivity. Therefore, this study was designed to study the prevalence and correlates of central obesity among formal sector employees in Dodoma City. Methods Study design was a cross-sectional survey conducted from March to June, 2019. Participants were employees from formal sector employment defined as those paid regular monthly wage and with either a secured permanent or temporary contract. Simple random sampling was used to select four out of fifteen large buildings hosting various establishments. Respondents were obtained conveniently and interviewed face to face. Central obesity was defined as a waist circumference greater than 102 cm for males and greater than 88 cm for females. Chi-square test was conducted to assess the differences among the groups. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were fitted to identify the correlates of central obesity. Results A total of 392 respondents (98% response rate) agreed and participated in the study. The overall prevalence of central obesity was found to be 41.8% (164/392). The prevalence of central obesity was significantly higher among females (67.4% p < 0.001), respondents aged ≥51 years (60%, p = < 0.001), administrators (55.1% p = < 0.05), respondents with salary of > 1,000,000 Tanzanian Shilling (TSh.) per month (54.4%, p = < 0.05), respondents who eat homemade meals at the workplace (64.2%, p = < 0.05) and respondents with hypertension (62.5%, p = < 0.05). Correlates of central obesity were found to be female sex (AOR = 9.53; 95% CI: 5.49, 16.78), increased age, eating homemade meals at the workplace (AOR = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.04, 4.19) and hypertension (AOR = 3.15; 95% CI: 1.41, 6.91). Conclusions The present study revealed high prevalence of central obesity among formal sector employees in Dodoma City. Scholars and stakeholders are urged to generate more evidences and design appropriate interventions to curb the situation.

Homework Emotion Management at the Secondary School Level: Antecedents and Homework Completion

2011 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianzhong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Emotion Management ◽  
School Level ◽  
Individual Student ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Class Level ◽  
Secondary School Level ◽  
Homework Completion

Background/Context For many children, doing homework becomes an emotionally charged event and one of the most disappointing aspects of school life. It is surprising to note, however, that homework emotion management is noticeably absent from much contemporary homework literature. Purpose The primary propose of the present study was to propose and test empirical models of variables posited to predict homework emotion management at the secondary school level, with the models informed by (a) research and theory on emotion regulation and (b) findings from homework research that alluded to a number of factors that may influence homework emotion management. Another purpose of the present study was to examine whether homework emotion management is related to homework completion, one of the major outcome variables in the homework process. Research Design The study reported here used cross-sectional survey data. The participants were 1,895 students from 111 classes in the southeastern United States, including 1,046 eighth graders from 63 classes and 849 11th graders from 48 classes. Results Results from the multilevel analyses revealed that most of the variance in homework emotion management occurred at the student level, with grade level appearing as the only significant predictor at the class level. At the student level, the variation in homework emotion management was positively associated with teacher feedback, peer-oriented reasons for doing homework, arranging the environment, managing time, and monitoring motivation. Girls reported statistically significant higher scores in managing homework emotion than did boys. Follow-up analyses further revealed that homework emotion management was positively associated with homework completion. Conclusion As most of the variance in homework emotion management occurred at the student level rather than at the class level, homework emotion management was largely a function of individual student characteristics and experiences. The present study further suggests that monitoring motivation and managing time play a predominant role in homework emotion management (compared with other variables included in the present study). Consequently, there is a critical need to conceptualize these variables in the process of emotion regulation in general, and in homework emotion management in particular. In addition, there is a critical need for secondary schools to strategically engage students in the homework process to better manage their emotion while doing homework.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Awareness about Postpartum Distress among the Students of Saveetha Dental College

2021 ◽  
pp. 186-195
Author(s):  
Jessly Daniel ◽  
A. Jothi Priya ◽  
R. Gayatri Devi
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

Introduction: Postpartum depression (PPD) is the most common psychiatric condition after childbirth. PD has adverse long-term consequences for the mother, the infant’s development and the family environment symptoms-the core symptom of sadness or low mood, as well as fatigue/sleep disturbance and irritability. The aim of the study is to determine the Knowledge and awareness about postpartum distress among the students of saveetha dental college. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the study population with a sample size of 100. A self administered structured questionnaire was prepared and consisted of 15 questions. It was circulated to participants through an online platform (google form). The statistics were done using SPSS software, chi-square test was used to check the association and P value of 0.05 was said to be statistically significant.The pros of the survey is that the students of different lifestyles and cultures were surveyed . Children and adults were excluded from the survey.  Simple random sampling method was the sampling method used to minimise the sampling bias. Results: Women during postpartum go through a lot of hormonal changes which lead to mood swings etc.They become very self conscious about their body .Mothers can also be depressed due to financial trouble, lactation etc.  Chi square test: p-value=2.98>  0.05 hence significant. Conclusion: In summary, this study demonstrated an honest level of data and positive attitudes towards women with postpartum depression. However, negative beliefs, stigma, and misconceptions still prevailed among the relations.

scholarly journals Students’ preference for electronic and printed academic reading texts

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 204-219
Author(s):  
Lok Raj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Print Media ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Electronic Medium ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Academic Reading ◽  
Print Medium ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Reading Texts

Students’ preference for the medium of academic reading texts has been diversified in the modern era. Some students’ preference for attaining information and knowledge has been confined only to print media, some are found to be attracted to electronic media and some prefer to use both electronic and print media for their academic purposes. This article is based on the cross sectional survey carried out at nine campuses across Makawanpur district, Nepal in the Academic Year 2018-2019.The purpose of this study is to investigate the Bachelor of Business Studies students ‘preference regarding electronic and print media of reading texts. The researcher adopted simple random sampling to select 526 students from the population of 798students. To collect data, the researcher used a questionnaire regarding the students ‘preference for electronic and print medium of the reading texts. Frequency and percent statistics of students who preferred print medium of reading texts; and the frequency and percent statistics of students who preferred electronic medium of reading show that more students in the research study preferred the print medium of reading texts versus the electronic medium. The chi-square test of independenceÇ2 (1) = 0.631, critical value = 3.841 and p > .05 show that statistically, there was no significant association between gender and the preferred medium of the academic reading texts.

Predicting Homework Distraction at the Secondary School Level: A Multilevel Analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 1937-1969
Author(s):  
Jianzhong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
School Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Class Level ◽  
Secondary School Level ◽  
Eleventh Graders

Background Students continue to struggle with homework distraction well into the secondary school years. Recently, the concern over homework distraction has been growing, as new electronic media have offered diverse and nearly ubiquitous forms of diversion to students while they are doing homework. It is surprising to note, however, that a systematic examination of a broad spectrum of factors that contribute to homework distraction is noticeably absent from much contemporary literature. Thus, there is a critical need to examine a range of variables that may influence homework distraction and, consequently, what implications might be drawn from this line of research to help students better handle homework distraction. Purpose The aim of the present study is to propose and test empirical models of variables posited to predict homework distraction at the secondary school level, with the models informed by (a) relevant theoretical approaches (e.g., volitional control) and (b) findings from homework research that alluded to a number of factors that may influence homework distraction. Research Design The study reported here used cross-sectional survey data. Participants The participants were 1,800 students from 97 classes in the southeastern United States: 969 eighth graders from 52 classes, and 831 eleventh graders from 45 classes. Results Results from the multilevel analyses revealed that most of the variance in homework distraction occurred at the student level, with grade level as the only significant predictor at the class level. Findings further revealed that at the student level, the variation in homework distraction was influenced by gender, self-reported grades, the context of doing homework at home, and student attitudes toward homework.

scholarly journals Examining Education Students’ Preference for Reading Medium, Resource and Time

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Lok Raj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Print Medium ◽  
Bachelor Of Education ◽  
Chi Square Test

The chief purpose of this research article is to examine the Bachelor of Education students’ preferred reading medium, resource and time for their academic purpose. It is based on the cross sectional survey carried out at Makawanpur Multiple Campus, Nepal across the boy and girl students in 2020. The simple random sampling technique, especially lottery method was applied to select 126 students from the population of 185 students. The researcher used a questionnaire regarding the students’ preference and reasons for reading medium, resource and time. The percent statistics show that 70.6% students preferred the print medium and 29.4% students preferred the print medium. The students who preferred teachers’ hand-outs, text books, guide books and solution books were 42.2%, 19.8%, 19.0% and 19.0% respectively. The students who preferred morning time, day time and evening time were 61.1%, 23.8% and 15.1% respectively. The chi-square test of independence between sex and preferred reading medium [ χ2 (1) = 2.391, critical value = 3.841 and p (.122) > .05]; between sex and preferred reading resource [ χ2 (3) = 2.595, critical value = 7.815 and p (.458) > .05]; and between sex and preferred reading time [ χ2 (2) = .620, critical value = 5.991 and p (.733) > .05] show that there was no statistically significant association between sex and preferred reading medium, resource and time.

Relationship between the Responsiveness of Service Providers with Patient Satisfaction at Three Conventional Radiography Services in Denpasar

2016 ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Cokorda Istri Ariwidyastuti ◽  
P.P. Januraga ◽  
Dyah Pradnyaparamita Duarsa
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Relationship

Background and purpose: Patient satisfaction, including on radiography services, is an important component of health care provision. Surveys on patient satisfaction have been carried out particularly in government hospitals, but a more detailed study to determine the relationship between patient satisfaction with the responsiveness of service providers has yet to be carried out. This study aims to determine the relationship between the six domains of responsiveness of service providers and outpatient satisfaction at three conventional radiography facilities in Denpasar.Methods: Study was conducted by cross-sectional survey of 158 respondents selected consecutively in three conventional radiography services, namely a government hospital, a private hospital and a private radiology clinic. Data were collected through interviews using modified questionnaires on responsiveness from WHO. Data were analyzed by univariate, bivariate (chi-square test) and multivariate logistic regression method.Results: Univariate analysis indicated that patient satisfaction was 69% but still below the minimum service standards (>80,0%). Multivariate analysis showed that factors associated with satisfaction were the domain of attention (AOR= 3.77; 95%CI: 1.62-8.76), the quality of infrastructure (AOR=4.57; 95%CI: 1.61-12.93) and communication (AOR=6.30; 95%CI: 1.75-22.64).Conclusion: Patient satisfaction was generally still below the standard. Domains of responsiveness associated with patient satisfaction were the quality of infrastructure, level of attention and communication skills of service providers.

scholarly journals Classroom Attentiveness of Children from Home with Inter Parental Violence in Chamwino District, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Issue 4) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Simion Kaminyoge Ambakisye
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental Violence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Parental Conflicts ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated on classroom attentiveness of children from home with inter parental violence in Chamwino, Dodoma, Tanzania. The study employed the cross-sectional survey design whereby 312 out of 652 children from five secondary schools were randomly selected to participate by filling the questionnaire. Chi square test was employed to determine the relationship between violence against mothers and children’s attentiveness at the 0.05 level of significance. The results indicated a significant relationship between parental conflicts and lack of pupils’ adequate concentration in learning. The findings further showed that female children whose mothers are accustomed to violence are more inattentive than male children during the teaching and learning processes. The study recommends that effective intervention strategies such as developing training through psycho education within families, schools and the community be in place.

scholarly journals Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Perilaku Penyalahgunaan Napza di Kelas IIA Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Jambi

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Nel Efni
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Broken Home

The causes of drug abuse are complex due to the interaction of various factors, including individual factors such great curiosity to try and unknowingly or think long about the consequences later in life, environmental factors such as family problems or a broken home or social environment / community one even all members become abusers drug. This research is a quantitative research using Cross sectional design. The population in this study is the victim of drug abuse which amounted to 545 people and a total sample of 40 respondents using simple random sampling technique and the data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate by using the chi-square test. There is The relationship of knowledge and family support to the behavior of drug abuse in class IIA prison  Jambi. Expected to be used as inputs in the preparation of the program increased knowledge about the dangers of drugs.

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