scholarly journals Effect of Hydroalcholic Extract of Allium noeanum Reut. ex Regel on Ethylene Glycol- Induced Kidney Stone in Male Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Goudarzi ◽  
Maryam Eskandari Mehrabadi ◽  
Zahra Salemi ◽  
Jamal Amri ◽  
Mitra Noori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Urine Calcium ◽  
Total Extract ◽  
Acid Urine ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Crystal Accumulation

We want to evaluate the effect of Allium noeanum Reut. ex Regel (Bonsor) known (traditional medicine agent) in calcium oxalate stones in kidney. 36 male rats were divided into 6 groups. I: healthy model + water, II: negative model + 1% ethylene glycol in water, III: 750 mg/kg of total extract +1% of ethylene glycol in water(Prevention), IV: 250 mg/kg flavonoid extract +1% of ethylene glycol in water (Prevention), V: 1500 mg/kg of total extract from 15th day+ 1% of ethylene glycol in water (Treatment), VI: 500 mg/kg of flavonoid extract from 15th of the study + 1% of ethylene glycol in water (Treatment).24-hour urine and blood samples were collected in 30th day for analysis. Pathology of kidneys was checked. Serum urea, uric acid, creatinine and urine calcium and oxalate were significantly increased, urine citrate was decreased in group II Vs I. (P < .05). Extract administration significantly decreased serum creatinine, urea and uric acid. Urine calcium and oxalate significantly decreased in treated groups. Urine calcium levels were significantly decreased in treated rats, but urine citrate levels were increased Vs group II. (P < .05). No crystal accumulation and tubular cast were observed in prevention groups. Hydroalcholic extract of Allium noeanum was able to reduce urine oxalate.

scholarly journals The effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of watermelon and Persian melon rind on kidney stone prevention in male Wistar rats: Alternative medicine and the role of physician and nurse

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e27-e27
Author(s):  
Leila Mahmood Nia ◽  
Saba Najafi Dehkordi ◽  
Majid Shirani ◽  
Ali Hasanpour Dehkordi
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Potassium Citrate ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Watermelon Rind ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Introduction: Both watermelon and Persian melon extracts have various pharmacological properties like anti-diabetic, anti-viral, anti-cancer, and anti-urolithiasis effects. Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of watermelon and Persian melon rind on kidney stone prevention in male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Fifty-six Wister rats were randomly divided into seven groups and treated for 28 days. The first group (healthy control) and the second group (negative control) received drinking water and water containing 1% ethylene glycol, respectively. The third and fourth groups, received 100 mg/kg/d hydroalcoholic extract of watermelon rind and Persian melon rind, respectively in addition to 1% ethylene glycol. The fifth and sixth groups, received 400 mg/kg/d hydroalcoholic extract of watermelon rind and Persian melon rind, respectively in addition to 1% ethylene glycol. The seventh group received 0.5 mEq/kg/d potassium citrate in addition to 1% ethylene glycol for prevention and treatment of kidney stone. A 24-hour urine collection was conducted to determine the levels of sodium, calcium, uric acid, oxalate and citrate concentration. Histological study of calcium oxalate crystals was also performed. The serum levels of urea, creatinine, uric acid, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, SGPT (serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase), SGOT (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase), total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) of blood were determined accordingly. Results: In the present study, administration of high-dose extract of watermelon and Persian melon rind (400 mg/kg/d) and potassium citrate showed significant changes in variables of sodium, calcium, uric acid, citrate, urine volume (P<0.01), blood creatinine, blood uric acid, blood calcium, and serum SGPT (P<0.05). The histological study of calcium oxalate crystals showed a significant reduction in oxalate levels in all prevention groups. Conclusion: The extracts of watermelon and Persian melon rind are effective in preventing calcium oxalate stones by decreasing the levels of oxalate, sodium, and calcium and increasing citrate levels and urine volume and affecting the total antioxidant capacity. Persian melon rind extract was more effective than potassium citrate and watermelon rind extract in reducing urine sodium. High-dose watermelon rind extract showed similar effects as potassium citrate.

Chronic immobilization stress induces anxiety-related behaviors and affects brain essential minerals in male rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zafer Sahin ◽  
Alpaslan Ozkurkculer ◽  
Omer Faruk Kalkan ◽  
Ahmet Ozkaya ◽  
Aynur Koc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Center Area ◽  
Chronic Immobilization Stress

Abstract. Alterations of essential elements in the brain are associated with the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. It is known that chronic/overwhelming stress may cause some anxiety and/or depression. We aimed to investigate the effects of two different chronic immobilization stress protocols on anxiety-related behaviors and brain minerals. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups as follows ( n = 10/group): control, immobilization stress-1 (45 minutes daily for 7-day) and immobilization stress-2 (45 minutes twice a day for 7-day). Stress-related behaviors were evaluated by open field test and forced swimming test. In the immobilization stress-1 and immobilization stress-2 groups, percentage of time spent in the central area (6.38 ± 0.41% and 6.28 ± 1.03% respectively, p < 0.05) and rearing frequency (2.75 ± 0.41 and 3.85 ± 0.46, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) were lower, latency to center area (49.11 ± 5.87 s and 44.92 ± 8.04 s, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively), were higher than the control group (8.65 ± 0.49%, 5.37 ± 0.44 and 15.3 ± 3.32 s, respectively). In the immobilization stress-1 group, zinc (12.65 ± 0.1 ppm, p < 0.001), magnesium (170.4 ± 1.7 ppm, p < 0.005) and phosphate (2.76 ± 0.1 ppm, p < 0.05) levels were lower than the control group (13.87 ± 0.16 ppm, 179.31 ± 1.87 ppm and 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, respectively). In the immobilization stress-2 group, magnesium (171.56 ± 1.87 ppm, p < 0.05), phosphate (2.44 ± 0.07 ppm, p < 0.001) levels were lower, and manganese (373.68 ± 5.76 ppb, p < 0.001) and copper (2.79 ± 0.15 ppm, p < 0.05) levels were higher than the control group (179.31 ± 1.87 ppm, 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, 327.25 ± 8.35 ppb and 2.45 ± 0.05 ppm, respectively). Our results indicated that 7-day chronic immobilization stress increased anxiety-related behaviors in both stress groups. Zinc, magnesium, phosphate, copper and manganese levels were affected in the brain.

scholarly journals Phytochemical and Biological Evaluation of a Newly Designed Nutraceutical Self-Nanoemulsifying Self-Nanosuspension for Protection and Treatment of Cisplatin Induced Testicular Toxicity in Male Rats

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Sherif R. Abdel-All ◽  
Zeinab T. Abdel Shakour ◽  
Dalia M. N. Abouhussein ◽  
Enji Reda ◽  
Thoraya F. Sallam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antineoplastic Agent ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Tribulus Terrestris ◽  
Testicular Toxicity ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The incorporation of cisplatin (CP) as a cytotoxic antineoplastic agent in most chemotherapeutic protocols is a challenge due to its toxic effect on testicular tissues. Natural compounds present a promising trend in research, so a new nutraceutical formulation (NCF) was designed to diminish CP spermatotoxicity. A combination of three nutraceutical materials, 250 mg Spirulina platensis powder (SP), 25 mg Tribulus terrestris L. extract (TT), and 100 mg fish oil (FO) were formulated in self-nanoemulsifying self-nanosuspension (SNESNS). SP was loaded into the optimized self-nanoemulsifying system (30% FO, 50% span 80/cremophor EL and 20% isopropanol) and mixed with TT aqueous solution to form SNESNS. For the SP, phytochemical profiling revealed the presence of valuable amounts of fatty acids (FAs), amino acids, flavonoids, polyphenols, vitamins, and minerals. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and particle size analysis confirmed the formation of nanoemulsion-based nanosuspension upon dilution. Method validation of the phytochemical constituents in NCF has been developed. Furthermore, NCF was biologically evaluated on male Wistar rats and revealed the improvement of spermatozoa, histopathological features, and biochemical markers over the CP and each ingredient group. Our findings suggest the potential of NCF with SNESNS as a delivery system against CP-induced testicular toxicity in male rats.

scholarly journals The effects of naloxone, diazepam, and quercetin on seizure and sedation in acute on chronic tramadol administration: an experimental study

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samaneh Nakhaee ◽  
Khadijeh Farrokhfall ◽  
Ebrahim Miri-Moghaddam ◽  
Mohsen Foadoddini ◽  
Masoumeh Askari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Sedation Level ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 2

Abstract Background Tramadol is a widely used synthetic opioid. Substantial research has previously focused on the neurological effects of this drug, while the efficacy of various treatments to reduce the associated side effects has not been well studied. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of naloxone, diazepam, and quercetin on tramadol overdose-induced seizure and sedation level in male rats. Methods The project was performed with 72 male Wistar rats with an average weight of 200–250 g. The rats were randomly assigned to eight groups. Tramadol was administered intraperitoneally at an initial dose of 25 mg/kg/day. On the 14th day, tramadol was injected at 75 mg/kg, either alone or together with naloxone, diazepam, and quercetin (acute and chronic) individually or in combination. The rats were monitored for 6 h on the last day, and the number, the duration, and the severity of seizures (using the criteria of Racine) were measured over a 6-h observation period. The sedation level was also assessed based on a 4-point criterion, ranging from 0 to 3. Data were analyzed in SPSS software using Kruskal–Wallis, Chi-square, regression analysis, and generalized estimating equation (GEE) tests. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results The naloxone-diazepam combination reduced the number, severity, and cumulative duration of seizures compared to tramadol use alone and reduced the number of higher-intensity seizures (level 3, 4) to a greater extent than other treatments. Naloxone alone reduced the number and duration of seizures but increased the number of mild seizures (level 2). Diazepam decreased the severity and duration of seizures. However, it increased the number of mild seizures (level 2). In comparison with the tramadol alone group, the acute quercetin group exhibited higher numbers of mild (level 2) and moderate (level 3) seizures. Chronic quercetin administration significantly increased the number of mild seizures. In the GEE model, all groups had higher sedation levels than the saline only group (P < 0.001). None of the protocols had a significant effect on sedation levels compared to the tramadol group. Conclusion The combined administration of naloxone and diazepam in acute-on-chronic tramadol poisoning can effectively reduce most seizure variables compared to tramadol use alone. However, none of the treatments improved sedation levels.

scholarly journals Influence of Normo- and Hypogonadal Condition, Hyperuricemia, and High-Fructose Diet on Renal Changes in Male Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimena Soutelo ◽  
Yanina Alejandra Samaniego ◽  
Elsa Zotta ◽  
María Cecilia Fornari ◽  
Carlos Reyes Toso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Renal Lesion ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
High Fructose Diet ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Renal Changes ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Progression Of Renal Disease ◽  
Oxonic Acid

Background. There is a gender disparity in the incidence, prevalence, and progression of renal disease. The object of this paper is to evaluate the presence and type of renal lesion in normogonadic and hypogonadic male rats in a mild hyperuricemia induced condition and exposed to a high-fructose diet. Methods. 56 adult male Wistar rats were used. Animals were divided into two groups, one normogonadic (NGN) and one hypogonadic (HGN), and each group was divided into four subgroups in accordance with the treatment: control with only water (C), fructose (F), oxonic acid (OA), and fructose + oxonic acid (FOA). Renal changes were evaluated by measuring glomerulosclerosis, fibrosis, and arteriolar media/lumen (M/L) ratio.Results. The OA and FOA groups presented significantly hypertension (p<0.001). The OA group significantly increased (p<0.05) the percentage of glomerulosclerosis as well as the FOA group (p<0.001). When comparing NGN versus HGN, we observed a trend to a lower glomerulosclerosis in the latter. A higher arteriolar M/L ratio was observed in the OA (p<0.05) and FOA (p<0.001). Conclusion. Hyperuricemia conditions and a high-fructose diet favor blood pressure increase together with changes in the arteriolar media/lumen ratio and renal glomerular damage. These changes were more apparent in normogonadic animals.

scholarly journals Subchronic Toxicity Study in Rats of Two New Ethyl-Carbamates with Ixodicidal Activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Guadalupe Prado-Ochoa ◽  
Víctor Hugo Abrego-Reyes ◽  
Ana María Velázquez-Sánchez ◽  
Marco Antonio Muñoz-Guzmán ◽  
Patricia Ramírez-Noguera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Glutamyl Transpeptidase

Female and male Wistar rats were used to determine the subchronic oral toxicities of two new ethyl-carbamates with ixodicidal activities (ethyl-4-bromphenyl-carbamate and ethyl-4-chlorphenyl-carbamate). The evaluated carbamates were administered in the drinking water (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg/day) for 90 days. Exposure to the evaluated carbamates did not cause mortality or clinical signs and did not affect food consumption or weight gain. However, exposure to these carbamates produced alterations in water consumption, hematocrit, percentages of reticulocytes, plasma proteins, some biochemical parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, cholinesterase, and creatinine activities), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and the relative weight of the spleen. Histologically, slight pathological alterations were found in the liver that were consistent with the observed biochemical alterations. The nonobserved adverse effect levels (NOAELs) of the evaluated carbamates were 12.5 mg/kg/day for both the female and male rats. The low severity and reversibility of the majority of the observed alterations suggest that the evaluated carbamates have low subchronic toxicity.

Early postnatal overnutrition impairs VO2max gains with moderate exercise and increase post-exercise muscle damage in adult male rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Douglas Lopes Almeida ◽  
Gabriel Sergio Fabricio ◽  
Laize Peron Tófolo ◽  
Tatiane Aparecida Ribeiro ◽  
Camila Cristina Ianoni Matiusso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adaptation To Exercise

Abstract Exercise counteracts obesity effects, but information on how early-life obesity may affect long-term adaptation to exercise is lacking. This study investigates the impact of early-life postnatal overfeeding (PO) on animals’ adaptation to exercise. Only male Wistar rats were used. On postnatal day (PN) 30, rats from control (NL-9 pups) or PO (SL-3 pups) litters were separated into four groups: NL-sedentary (NL-Se), NL-exercised (NL-Ex), SL-sedentary (SL-Se), and SL-exercised (SL-Ex). Exercised groups performed moderate-intensity exercise, running on a treadmill, from PN30 to PN90. Further experiments were carried out between PN90 and PN92. PO promoted obesity in SL versus NL rats (P < 0.05). Exercise reduced body weight (P < 0.001), body fat (P < 0.01), and improved glucose homeostasis in SL-Ex versus SL-Se. SL-Ex presented lower VO2max (P < 0.01) and higher post-exercise LDH (P < 0.05) compared to NL-Ex rats. Although moderate exercise counteracted obesity in SL rats, early-life overnutrition restricts fitness gains in adulthood, indicating that early obesity may impair animals’ adaptation to exercise.

Effects of Myrtus communis leaf extracts on CdCl2-induced metabolic disturbance in male wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
Hafsa Dellaoui ◽  
Abdelkrim Berroukche ◽  
Bakhta Bouzouira ◽  
Narimen Taibi ◽  
Mohamed Zouidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Myrtus Communis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Preventive Effects

Cadmium (Cd) is widespread in the environment. Cd toxicity targets liver and renal tissues and generates oxidative stress. Medicinal plants produce antioxidants scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chelate heavy metals. This study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of Myrtus communis leaves hydro-methanol extract (HME) and aqueous extract (AE) on Cdinduced toxicity. The experiments were carried out, during 30 days, on male rats; GR1 (controls), GR2 treated with CdCl2 (18 mg/kg), GR3 co-treated with HME (1 g/kg) and Cd (18 mg/kg), GR4 co-treated with AE (1 g/kg) and Cd (18 mg/kg), GR5 with HME and GR6 with AE. Cd induced changes in biochemical parameters (transaminases, urea, creatinine and blood sugar)related to hepato renal function, increased tissue mortification and decreased animals’ body weight. While the treatment animals, with M. communis leaves (HME) or (AE), regulated blood sugar levels. Hepatic steatosis and loss of glomeruli were particularly induced either by Cd or a co-treatment with Cd and plant extracts. M. communis extracts (HME and EA) can regulate blood sugar levels and prevent cadmium accumulation.

Attenuation of Morphine-Induced Tolerance and Dependence by Pretreatment with Cerebrolysin in Male rats

Drug Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (01) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Ghavimi ◽  
Sara Darvishi ◽  
Saeed Ghanbarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Tail Flick Test ◽  
Attenuation Effect ◽  
Morphine Administration ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Potent Growth ◽  
Induced Tolerance ◽  
Withdrawal Signs

Abstract Background Dependence and tolerance to morphine are major problems which limit its chronic clinical application. Purpose This study was aimed to investigate the attenuation effect of Cerebrolysin, a mixture of potent growth factors (BDNF, GDNF, NGF, CNTF etc,), on the development of Morphine-induced dependence and tolerance. Methods Male Wistar rats were selected randomly and divided into different groups (n=8) including: a control group, groups received additive doses of morphine (5–25 mg/kg, ip, at an interval of 12 h until tolerance completion), and groups pretreated with Cerebrolysin (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg, ip, before morphine administration). Development of tolerance was assessed by tail-flick test and the attenuation effect of Cerebrolysin on morphine-induced dependence was evaluated after injection of naloxone (4 mg/kg, ip, 12 h after the morning dose of morphine). Seven distinct withdrawal signs including: jumping, rearing, genital grooming, abdominal writhing, wet dog shake and teeth grinding were recorded for 45 min and total withdrawal score (TWS) was calculated. Results Results showed that administration of Cerebrolysin could prolonged development (10 and 14 days in administration of 80 mg/kg and 160 mg/kg Cerebrolysin) and completion (4, 10 and 14 days in administration of 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg Cerebrolysin, respectively) of tolerance. Results also indicated that administration of Cerebrolysin (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg) could significantly decreased the TWS value (62±2, 77±4 and 85±6%, respectively). Conclusion In conclusion, it was found that pretreatment with Cerebrolysin could attenuated morphine-induced tolerance and dependence.

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