Evaluation of Therapeutic Efficacy of Stigma and Petal Extracts of Crocus sativus L. on Acetic Acid-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) has long been considered a medicinal plant in Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) due to its therapeutic properties. Despite this interest, its effects on gastrointestinal disorders have not been completely taken into consideration. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the pharmacological activity of ethanolic extracts of saffron stigma (SS) and saffron petal (SP) in acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats. The gastric ulcer model was imitated by the serosal application of acetic acid in male Wistar rats. Then, the animals were orally fed with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of ethanolic extracts of SS or SP, omeprazole (40 mg/kg), or saline for 12 days. The macroscopic and microscopic appearances of gastric ulcers and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in gastric tissues were assessed. The highest anti-ulcer activity was observed in the omeprazole-treated animals with the lowest ulcer size (4.29 ± 1.78 mm2). SS could not reduce gastric ulcer size in rats. Compared to the untreated rats, SP treatment significantly decreased ulcer indices in a dose-dependent manner. The gastric levels of PGE2, VEGF, and MDA were significantly elevated in the untreated animals with gastric ulcers compared to rats in the control group. The SS extract suppressed the elevated PGE2 and VEGF levels at both doses, while SP did not have a significant influence. Both SS and SP treatments significantly ameliorated MDA levels in rats with gastric ulcers. Omeprazole treatment enhanced the PGE2 level and suppressed MDA contents, but it did not influence the VEGF level. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that the saffron stigma has no significant effects on the gastric ulcer healing process, while its petals accelerate the process. This discrepancy can be attributed to the difference in the main secondary metabolites between saffron stigma and petals.

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Ulcer Protective and Ulcer Healing Activities of Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Leaves of Rumex Bequaertii De Wild (Polygonaceae) in Rats

Journal of Biology and Life Science ◽

10.5296/jbls.v6i2.7044 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

Gilbert Ateufack ◽

Breuil R. Dongmo Feudjio ◽

William Nana Yousseu ◽

Albert D. Atsamo ◽

Albert Kamanyi

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Significant Variation ◽

Healing Process ◽

Negative Control ◽

Chronic Ulcer ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Mucus Production ◽

Methanolic Extracts

The aqueous and methanolic extracts of Rumex bequaertii leaves were investigated for their ability to prevent and treated ulceration of the gastric mucosa in animal models.For this, adult male rats three to four months old and weighing on average 180 g were used for both tests. The extracts were tested orally at doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, on ulcerations experimentally induced by HCl/ethanol and pylorus ligation (acute ulcer) and acetic acid (chronic ulcer).These extracts showed protective and healing properties on ulcer induced models. A dose of 500 mg/kg of the two extracts inhibited ulceration induced by HCl/ethanol by 98.86 and 91.59 % respectively. With pyloric ligation, no significant variation of the volume of gastric juices, pH and gastric acidity was observed compared to the negative control rats. The aqueous extract alone at different doses presented a significant reduction of the ulceration surface resulting from chronic ulcer induced with acetic acid compared to the negative control group that received distilled water. For all three models of gastric ulcer induction used, the mass of mucus significantly increased in the groups that received the extracts. There was no significant variation in plasmatic nitric oxide (NO) concentrationand gastric supernatant of rats treated with both extracts compared to both control groups. These results reveal that the healing process of the extracts is not achieved through the NO pathway. This process could be due to increase in mucus production and thus supports its traditional use of the plant

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Effects of Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng) pedersen aqueous extract on healing acetic acid-induced ulcers

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132008000400005 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 479-483 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cristina Setim Freitas ◽

Cristiane Hatsuko Baggio ◽

Samanta Luiza Araújo ◽

Maria Consuelo Andrade Marques

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Gastric Ulcer ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Healing Process ◽

Intraperitoneal Administration ◽

Oral Route ◽

Chronic Gastric Ulcer ◽

Pfaffia Glomerata ◽

Tissue Healing

The present study was carried out to evaluate the acute toxicity and the effect of the aqueous extract of the roots from Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng) Pedersen (Amaranthaceae) (AEP) on the prevention of acetic acid-induced ulcer and on the healing process of previously induced ulcers. The acute toxicity was evaluated in Swiss mice after oral administration of a single dose and the chronic gastric ulcer was induced with local application of acetic acid. The results showed that the LD50 of the extract was 684.6 mg.kg-1 for the intraperitoneal administration and higher than 10 mg.kg-1by the oral route. The administration of the AEP did not prevent ulcers formation. However, the AEP increased of the healing process of previously induced ulcers. The results suggest that AEP chronically administered promote an increase of tissue healing, after the damage induced by acetic acid and the extract seemed to be destituted of toxic effects in the mice by the oral route.

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Crocins: The Active Constituents of Crocus Sativus L. Stigmas, Exert Significant Cytotoxicity on Tumor Cells In Vitro

Current Cancer Therapy Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573394714666181029120446 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 225-234

Author(s):

Kyriaki Hatziagapiou ◽

Eleni Kakouri ◽

George I. Lambrou ◽

Eleni Koniari ◽

Charalabos Kanakis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

P53 Gene ◽

Crocus Sativus ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Tumor Treatment ◽

Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽

Proliferative Effect ◽

Similar Expression Pattern ◽

Crocus Sativus L

Background:: Tumors of the childhood are considered to be grave and devastating pathologies, with high mortality rates. Current therapeutic options like cytotoxic drugs and radiotherapy target both healthy and malignant cells, thus resulting in long-term neurological and intellectual sequelae and endocrinological disorders. Objectives:: In this study, we focused on the anticancer potency of crocins, the main constituents of Crocus sativus L, stigmas. Crocins were first extracted using organic solvents from the dried stigmas and then were identified using the HPLC analysis. Materials and Methods:: TE-671 cells were treated with the extract of crocins using a range of concentrations between 0.25-mg/ mL and 16 mg/mL. Viability of the cells was measured at 24h, 48h, 72h and 96h. In addition, we have examined the expression levels of the p53 gene using Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR. Results:: Results showed that crocins exerted significant cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects in a concentration and time - dependent-manner on TE-671 cells. Furthermore, p53 manifested similar expression pattern as the anti-proliferative effect of crocin. Conclusion:: Our data demonstrate that crocins could be a novel promising agent for the improvement of tumor treatment.

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STUDIES ON PREDILECTION AREA OF GASTRIC ULCER VIEWED FROM HEALING PROCESS OF EXPERIMENTAL GASTRIC ULCERS

Japanese Journal of Smooth Muscle Research ◽

10.1540/jsmr1965.14.105 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 105-118

Author(s):

Junichi SAITO ◽

K. Seta

Keyword(s):

Gastric Ulcer ◽

Healing Process ◽

Gastric Ulcers

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A STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HELICOBACTER PYLORI AND TRACE ELEMENTS IN GASTRIC MUCOSA

International Journal of PIXE ◽

10.1142/s0129083506000812 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 16 (01n02) ◽

pp. 55-68

Author(s):

T. FUKUDA ◽

S. SAKURAI ◽

M. KUDO

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Trace Elements ◽

Gastric Ulcer ◽

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Gastric Ulcers ◽

Control Group ◽

Human Gastric Mucosa ◽

H2 Receptor Antagonist ◽

Zinc Levels ◽

The Relationship

H2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) and proton pump inhibitor(PPI) are often used to treat gastric ulcers, in addition to the zinc-L-carcino-complex which is commonly adopted for such therapies. However, there have been no previous reports detailing the levels and distribution of zinc in human gastric mucosa. The aim of our current study is to clarify the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and trace elements such as zinc in gastric mucosa using particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Forty gastric ulcer patients were chosen as subjects of this study and divided into two groups. One is a new ulcer patients group(twenty nine cases). And the other, eleven of these patients had been prescribed zinc-L-carcino-complex (polapreZinc®), at a dose of 150mg/day for periods ranging from 16 to 20 weeks. The zinc levels in the gastric ulcer group were found to be significantly less than those of the control group and the concentrations of zinc in gastric mucosa were observed to increase following the administration of treatments containing this element.

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Effects of Grape Seed Extract, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E on Ethanol- and Aspirin-Induced Ulcers

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences ◽

10.1155/2011/740687 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Vivian Molina Cuevas ◽

Yazmín Ravelo Calzado ◽

Yohani Pérez Guerra ◽

Ambar Oyarzábal Yera ◽

Sonia Jiménez Despaigne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Gastric Ulcer ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Grape Seed Extract ◽

Grape Seed ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Seed Extract ◽

Gastric Ulcers ◽

Control Group

Effects of GSE and vitamins C and E on aspirin- and ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and associated increases of lipid peroxidation in rats were compared. Two experiments were conducted. Rats were randomized into eight groups: a negative control and seven groups that received aspirin or ethanol for ulcer induction: one positive control (vehicle) and six with VC, VE, or GSE (25 and 250 mg/kg). Ulcer indexes and gastric levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were quantified. VC, VE, and GSE (25 and 250 mg/kg) decreased aspirin, and ethanol-induced ulcers and MDA values compared with positive control group. The magnitude of aspirin ulcer reduction was comparable for all treatments, and MDA decrease with GSE was higher than with VC and tended to be greater, albeit none significantly, than with VE. GSE was more effective than VC and VE for lowering the ethanol ulcers, while the decrease of MDA levels with GSE was greater than with VC, but comparable to that achieved with VE. GSE protected against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers more effectively than VC or VE, while its protection against aspirin ulcers was comparable for all treatments. GSE produced the greatest reductions of gastric MDA in both models.

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Immunohistochemical Studies of Age-Related Changes in Cell Proliferation and Angiogenesis during the Healing of Acetic Acid-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2020/3506207 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

A. Folorunsho Ajayi ◽

S. Babafemi Olaleye

Keyword(s):

Cell Proliferation ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Gastric Ulcer ◽

Factor Viii ◽

Ulcer Healing ◽

Gastric Ulcers ◽

Gastric Injury ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Age Related ◽

Male Wistar Rats

Cell proliferation and angiogenesis are of utmost importance for healing to take place. The KI67 and EGFR proteins are markers of cell proliferation, while CD31 and factor VIII are markers of angiogenesis. To elucidate the mechanism responsible for delayed healing of the gastric injury in old age, we analyzed the expression of these markers in rats of different months during the healing of an acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer. Male Wistar rats (aged 3, 6, 12, and 18 months) divided into four groups, according to their ages, formed the experimental animals. Stomach tissue samples were collected on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 after induction for assessment of ulcer healing. The area of gastric mucosa healed was inversely proportional to age. The expression of markers of proliferation (KI67 and EGFR) and angiogenesis (factor VIII and CD31) decreased significantly (p<0.05) in older rats when compared with younger ones (3 months > six months > 12 months > 18 months) on days 7, 14, and 21 after induction of gastric ulcer. This study revealed that the slower gastric ulcer healing rate in older rats might be due to reduced epithelial cell proliferation and angiogenic activities.

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ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIULCER ACTIVITY OF ABRUS PRECATORIUS LEAF EXTRACT AGAINST ACETIC ACID-INDUCED GASTRIC ULCER IN RATS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i7.32909 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 218-220

Author(s):

LALITA NAGDA ◽

CHANDRA PRAKASH JOSHI ◽

JYOTI MENARIA

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Gastric Ulcer ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Defense Mechanism ◽

Gastric Volume ◽

Gastric Ulcers ◽

Antiulcer Activity ◽

Plant Leaves ◽

Once Daily ◽

Abrus Precatorius

Objective: The present study deals with the study of antiulcer activity of Abrus precatorius leaf extract in acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers was studied in rats. Methods: In the present study, A. precatorius leaf extract was carried out in antiulcer activity against acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats. A. precatorius at doses of 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg were administered orally once daily for 10 days. Results: It was found that extract significantly reduced ulcer index. The plant leaves made gastric anti-secretory effect by decreasing gastric volume and acidity. Then, gastric mucin was increased, which showed gastric cytoprotective effect. The plant showed the prevention effect of increased lipid peroxidation during ulceration by acetic acid. Activities of the antioxidant enzymes were enhanced during ulceration by this plant leaves. Conclusion: Leaves of A. precatorius Linn. could decrease acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in rats and this antiulcerogenic activity was mediated through antioxidant defense mechanism.

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Effectiveness of Opuntia ficus indica L. inermis Seed Oil in the Protection and the Healing of Experimentally Induced Gastric Mucosa Ulcer

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2019/1568720 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ikram Khémiri ◽

Lotfi Bitri

Keyword(s):

Gastric Ulcer ◽

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Gastric Juice ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Healing Process ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Opuntia Ficus Indica ◽

Therapeutic Benefits ◽

Gastric Juice Volume

Gastric ulcer is a painful lesion of the gastric mucosa which can be disabling, or even more very serious in the case of a perforation of the stomach and internal hemorrhage. Traditional pharmacopeias have shown the efficacy of various plant extracts in the treatment of this pathology. Some extracts from Opuntia ficus indica (OFI) have been proven to have medicinal therapeutic benefits. The aim of this study was to investigate the preventive and curative effects of OFI seed oil extracted by cold pressing on an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats. Gastroprotective activities of the oil were assessed as pretreatments prior to ethanol gavage of Wistar rats compared to reference drugs. Two oil dose effects were tested. Ulcer and gastric parameters were measured (ulcerated areas (mm2), % of ulcer inhibition, gastric juice volume and pH, and mucus weight). Macroscopical and microscopical assessments of the stomachs as well as gastric biopsy histological studies were carried out. OFI oil exhibited a high efficiency in the protection of the cytoarchitecture and function of the gastric mucosa against the severe damages provoked by ethanol intake. Ulcerated areas were very significantly reduced and the % of ulcer inhibition was the highest under OFI oil pretreatment. Mucus production was stimulated, gastric juice volume was reduced, and its pH was increased. Histopathological examination of H&E-stained biopsies collected from gastric mucosae from the different experimental groups confirmed the gastroprotective efficacy of OFI oil against ethanol-induced symptoms such as inflammation and damages like bleeding, erosions, lesions, necrosis, and ulcers. Furthermore, OFI oil treatment speeded-up the reduction of the surface of ethanol-induced ulcerated areas in a dose-dependent manner, leading to a time gain in the healing process. The healing rate reached 91% on day 2 and 99% on day 3, and a complete heal was attained at the fourth day under OFI oil treatment, while ulcer areas were still partially unhealed in all the other groups. The therapeutic effects of OFI oil against gastric ulcer could be mediated by its varied bioactive compounds that we have demonstrated in the analytical study. They could act synergistically or in a delayed manner to optimize the healing process through protective antioxidant properties, as well as an antagonism against histamine H2-receptors, a stimulation of the signaling pathways necessary for mucus and bicarbonate production, and reduction of inflammatory processes in the gastric mucosa. Additionally, OFI oil fatty acids (especially unsaturated) and triacylglycerols contribute to the reconstruction and the repair of the cell membrane lipid bilayer during the gastric ulcer healing process.

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