scholarly journals Risk assessment of mortality from silicosis and lung cancer in workers of machine factories and traditional brick production workshops with crystalline silica exposure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rezazahehazari ◽  
F Sahatfardi ◽  
F Zarei ◽  
A Ebrahimi Hariri ◽  
S Salehpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Crystalline Silica ◽  
T Test ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Silica Dust ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Exposure to dust is an essential factor in the brick production industry. Determining the mortality rate from silicosis and lung cancer is very important in exposure to crystalline silica dust. Therefore, this study was conducted to risk assessment of workers in machine factories and traditional brick production workshops. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 in a machine factory and five traditional active brick production workshops in Qarchak and Varamin city located in the southeast of Tehran. All employees of a brick-making machine factory (40 people) and five traditional brick-making workshops (30 people) were selected by census sampling. Their exposure to total respiratory dust and respirable crystalline silica was evaluated by the NIOSH0600 method and NIOSH7602 optimal method. Mortality risk assessment from silicosis and lung cancer was performed based on Mannetej and Rice models. Data were analyzed by t-test after entering SPSS19 software. Results: The average concentrations of crystalline silica and total respiratory dust in traditional workshops are 0.651 ±0.69 and 28.27 ± 23.05, and in a machine factory are 0.297± 0.27 and 17.6 ±8.6 mg / m3. The T-test showed a significant difference between the traditional and mechanical brick factory in occupational exposure to total respiratory dust (P=0.001). However, no significant difference was observed in exposure to crystalline silica (P=0.107). In both traditional and machine brick factory, the risk of death from silicosis and lung cancer is unacceptable. Conclusion: The results showed that the industry's mechanization has reduced exposure to total respiratory dust and crystalline silica and reduces the risk of death from lung cancer. But the risk of death from lung cancer and silicosis is still high in both traditional and mechanical factories

scholarly journals Association between normative and perceived esthetic results after treatment of mandibular retrognathism

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glauco André MARQUES ◽  
Carolina Carmo de MENEZES ◽  
Giovana Cherubini VENEZIAN ◽  
José Fernando Castanha HENRIQUES ◽  
Silvia Amélia Scudeler VEDOVELLO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
T Test ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Patient Perception ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mandibular Retrognathism ◽  
Mandibular Retrognathia

Abstract Introduction This cross-sectional study aimed to associate the normative cephalometric results of mandibular retrognathism treatment with patient perception on the esthetic improvement of facial profile. Objective this cross-sectional study aimed to associate the normative cephalometric results of mandibular retrognathism treatment with patient perception on the esthetic improvement of facial profile. Material and method The normative cephalometric results were obtained from lateral cephalometric radiographs of a sample of 24 Class II malocclusion patients in the pubertal growth spurt. Such patients were treated with a mandibular advancement device and evaluated by comparing pre- and post-treatment variables. The same radiographs were used to produce standardized black silhouettes that were randomly arranged. Patients were instructed to choose their preferred profile and indicate the changes perceived using a 7-point Likert scale. The data were compared with cephalometric results using a mixed-model methodology for time-repeated measures, Student’s t-test, and t-test for heterogeneous variances, at 5% significance level. Result A rate of 75% of patients preferred post-treatment silhouettes and changes were perceived regardless of the choice of either pre- or post-treatment profile. There was no significant difference between the cephalometric variables of the tracings that produced the silhouettes considered better or worse after the evaluation. Conclusion There was no association between the cephalometric results after treatment and the perception of esthetic improvement by patients treated for mandibular retrognathia.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Occupational Exposure to Silica Dust in Mining Workers in Eastern Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farideh Golbabaei ◽  
Abdollah Gholami ◽  
Gholamheidar Teimori-Boghsani ◽  
Mehdi Yaseri ◽  
Mojtaba Kianmehr
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Crystalline Silica ◽  
Respirable Dust ◽  
Breathing Zone ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Silica Dust ◽  
Free Silica

Background and Objective: Silica dust is present in almost all mining operations and can cause various health problems such as silicosis in workers. The present study aimed to determine the total and respirable dust levels and the crystalline silica content of the soil in the breathing zone of workers in Iranian mines. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2016-2017 on six Iranian silica mines. Dust sampling was performed according to the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) method No. 0600. The samples were collected from the respiratory zone of workers at 114 stations in different units of the mines. The silica content was measured using the standard NIOSH method No. 7601. The crystalline silica content in bulk samples collected from the soil was determined by using the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy method. Results: The highest concentration of crystalline silica dust was 2.81±0.49 mg/m3 and was observed in the air of crushing unit of mine no. 6, and the lowest was 0.08±0.208 mg/m3 and was measured in the management/administration unit of mine no.1. The mean silica content in the solid surface of the mines was 91%. The total and respirable dust levels in all units of the mines except management/administration were higher than the permissible limit. The free silica content of all collected samples was substantially higher than the permissible limits, and in some cases, it was as much as 100 times above the standard level, which reflects the extremely high risk of working in these mines. Conclusion: Exposure of workers with crystalline silica dust in all units was higher than the standard recommended limits. It is imperative to adopt immediate measures based on technical, managerial, and personal protection solutions to reduce the exposure of workers to silica.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN KECEPATAN BERJALAN PADA PASIEN NYERI PUNGGUNG BAWAH MEKANIK SUBAKUT DAN KRONIK MENGGUNAKAN TIMED UP AND GO TEST

e-CliniC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Kalangi ◽  
Engeline Angliadi ◽  
Joudy Gessal
Keyword(s):  
Patient Group ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
T Test ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to know and compare the gait velocity between subacute and chronic mechanical low back pain patients using Timed Up and Go Test at Installation Medical Rehabilitation Hospital Prof. Dr R.D. Kandou Manado. This research used observational analytic design with cross-sectional study. The samples choosen using consecutive sampling technique. Data obtained from the gait velocity measurement using Timed Up and Go Test conducted by researcher. From this research obtained the average gait velocity in patient group of subacute mechanical LBP is 18.92 seconds and the average gait velocity in patient group of chronic mechanical LBP is 17.17 seconds. The results of independent t-test hypothesis testing showed that there is a significant difference between gait velocity in subacute and chronic mechanical LBP patients (p = 0.034). Conclusion, gait velocity in chronic mechanical LBP patients is better than subacute mechanical LBP patients.Keywords: Gait velocity, mechanical LBP, TUG testAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan membandingkan kecepatan berjalan antara pasien nyeri punggung bawah (NPB) mekanik subakut dan kronik menggunakan Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test di Instalasi Rehabilitasi Medik RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian analitik observasional dengan pengamatan sewaktu (studi cross sectional). Penentuan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Data diperoleh dari hasil pengukuran kecepatan berjalan menggunakan Timed Up and Go Test yang dilakukan sendiri oleh peneliti. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh kecepatan berjalan rata-rata pada kelompok pasien NPB mekanik subakut adalah 18,92 detik dan kecepatan berjalan rata-rata pada pasien NPB mekanik kronik adalah 17,17 detik. Hasil uji hipotesis independent t-test menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kecepatan berjalan pada pasien NPB mekanik subakut dengan kecepatan berjalan pada pasien NPB mekanik kronik (p = 0,034). Kesimpulan, kecepatan berjalan pasien NPB mekanik kronik lebih baik dibandingkan kecepatan berjalan pada pasien NPB mekanik subakut.Kata kunci: Kecepatan berjalan, NPB mekanik, tes TUG

scholarly journals Undergraduate information literacy self-efficacy: a cross-sectional study of Cambodian provincial universities

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheyvuth Seng ◽  
May Kristine Jonson Carlon ◽  
Jeffrey Cross ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Information Literacy ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
T Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Information And Communication

Introduction. This paper examines the information literacy self-efficacy of undergraduate students at provincial universities in Cambodia, and to determine whether there are significant differences in information literacy self-efficacy in terms of sex, academic year, faculty and university. Method. We adapted the information literacy self-efficacy skills survey by Kurbanoglu and administered to 1,009 undergraduate students at three public provincial universities to measure their confidence on information literacy. Analysis. Descriptive and inferential statistics using independent sample t-test (t-test) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyse the responses. Results. The results indicated that the information literacy self-efficacy of provincial universities in Cambodia was low as the mean scores were lower than the midpoint value of the original scale. Significant differences were also observed across the faculties and universities. This study revealed no significant difference of information literacy self-efficacy between male and female students. However, significant difference was observed between universities due to the performance of infrastructures and supporting funds. Conclusions. The findings indicated that undergraduate students at the provincial universities in Cambodia exhibited low confidence in information literacy. Policy making on information and communication technologies should be well implemented to provide practical skills to students from first to fourth year.

scholarly journals Arrhythmias in Children with Normal Heart in Albaha, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulmajid Almawazini ◽  
◽  
Saleh Jamaan Al Ghamdi ◽  
Chafik Ibrahim Hassan ◽  
Sami Ahmed Taha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Supraventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Normal Heart ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Common

Introduction: Arrhythmias in children with structurally normal hearts are common and reported as the causes of many hospital admissions. Generally, the risk of death is low. Physical examination is important in children with arrhythmias. Objectives: This study aimed to review the common types and clinical presentations of arrhythmias in children with normal heart structures in Albaha, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: In this hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study, the medical records of children were reviewed from January 2010 to December 2020. Results: Overall, 214 children were included in this study. The prevalence of arrhythmias was 27.10% in children aged 5-8 years; 18.7%, 8-12 years; 16.82%, 3-5 years; 16.35%, 1-3 years; 13.55%, 12-14 years; and 7.48%, <1 year. Arrhythmias were more frequent in females aged <5 years and in males aged >5 years; however, overall, there was no significant difference between females (47.20%) and males (52.80%). Supraventricular arrhythmias were the commonest and found in 85% of the children and ventricular arrhythmias were found in 15%. Sinus tachycardia was the most common type of arrhythmia, reported in 25% of the children. Conclusion: In general, arrhythmias in the children are asymptomatic. History, clinical examination, and electrocardiography are important for the diagnosis. Supraventricular arrhythmias are the most common. There is no significant difference between females and males with respect to the prevalence of arrhythmias.

scholarly journals Comparison of Oral Stereognostic Proficiency Between New and Previous Complete Denture Wearers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Saira Ibrahim ◽  
Moiza Ijaz ◽  
Ammara Sharafat ◽  
Samina Younis ◽  
Nida Mukhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Complete Denture ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Proficiency Scores

Objective: To compare oral stereognostic proficiency scores between new and previous complete denture wearers. Study design and study settings: This cross-sectional study design was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi. Methodology: Total 60 patients belonging to age group of 45–75 years were selected from the study setting. Oral stereognostic proficiency was recorded by using different oral stereognostic intra oral testing tools and scores were noted. Data analysis was done using SPSS (version 20) software. Independent sample t-test was used to compare the scores of new and old previous complete denture wearers. Effect modifier like gender was rectified by method of stratification. Post stratification independent sample t-test was applied and p value of 0.05 or less was considered to be significant. Results: The mean age of patients was 59.8+7.85 years. Previous complete denture wearers were found to have a higher value as compared to the new complete denture wearers. Significant difference between both groups according to age was found with older individuals having a lower stereognostic value than younger individuals. Conclusions: Oral stereognostic test is a dependable test to measure patients’ oral stereognostic perception which can help the dentist in better educating the patient in terms of his/her expectations regarding the prosthesis and in better understanding the limitations of the prosthesis

scholarly journals Risk Assessment and Determination of Factors That Cause the Development of Hyperinsulinemia in School-Age Adolescents

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Igor Lukic ◽  
Nikola Savic ◽  
Maja Simic ◽  
Nevena Rankovic ◽  
Dragica Rankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment

Background and Objectives: Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are not synonymous; if the risk of developing insulin resistance in adolescents is monitored, they do not necessarily have hyperinsulinemia. It is considered a condition of pre-diabetes and represents a condition of increased risk of developing DM (diabetes mellitus); it can exist for many years without people having the appropriate symptoms. This study aims to determine the risk of developing hyperinsulinemia at an early age in adolescents by examining which factors are crucial for its occurrence. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study lasting from 2019 to 2021 (2 years) was realized at the school children’s department in the Valjevo Health Center, which included a total of 822 respondents (392 male and 430 female) children and adolescents aged 12 to 17. All respondents underwent a regular, systematic examination scheduled for school children. BMI is a criterion according to which respondents are divided into three groups. Results: After summary analyzes of OGTT test respondents and calculated values of HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance), the study showed that a large percentage of respondents, a total of 12.7%, are at risk for hyperinsulinemia. The research described in this paper aimed to use the most popular AI (artificial intelligence) model, ANN (artificial neural network), to show that 13.1% of adolescents are at risk, i.e., the risk is higher by 0.4%, which was shown by statistical tests as a significant difference. Conclusions: It is estimated that a model using three different ANN architectures, based on Taguchi’s orthogonal vector plans, gives more precise and accurate results with much less error. In addition to monitoring changes in each individual’s risk, the risk assessment of the entire monitored group is updated without having to analyze all data.

scholarly journals Prevalence of cancer among the urban and rural community of Surendranagar district, Gujarat

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitesh M. Patel ◽  
Pratik K. Jasani ◽  
Girija P. Kartha ◽  
Sweta N. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cervix Uteri ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prevalence Of Cancer

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are mainly cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes-are the world’s biggest killers. In developing countries, cancer is among the ten most common causes of mortality. Cancer is not just one disease but many diseases. There are more than 100 different types of cancer. The most conspicuous feature of the distribution of cancers between the sexes is the male predominance of lung cancer. Prostate, colorectal, stomach and liver cancer are also much more common in males. Cancer of breast, colorectal, cervix, uteri, lung and stomach are common in females. This study was conducted to identify the prevalence of various types of cancers in rural and urban community of Surendranagar district.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study carried out among 300 rural and 300 urban families selected by simple random sampling. Data was collected and analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences and Microsoft Excel have been used to generate graphs, tables, etc.Results: Study revealed that out of total study population (2053), 37 participants were having cancer. The prevalence of cancer was 1.80% in our study. Out of 37 respondents who were having cancer, majority cases were oral cancer 11 (29.73%) and 9 (24.32%) lung cancer, followed by cancer breast 5 (13.51%), cancer colorectal 5 (13.51%) and other cancers 7 (18.92%).Conclusions: Prevalence of cancer was increasing with the age. Higher number of cancer cases was found amongst older age than younger age. Significant difference was found between cancer prevalence and gender.

scholarly journals Arrhythmias in Children with Normal Heart in Albaha, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulmajid Almawazini ◽  
Saleh Jamaan Al Ghamdi ◽  
Chafik Ibrahim Hassan ◽  
Sami Ahmed Taha ◽  
Ramzi Ahmed Mohammed Alzahrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Supraventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Normal Heart ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Common

Arrhythmias in children with structurally normal hearts are common and reported as the causes of many hospital admissions. Generally, the risk of death is low. Physical examination is important in children with arrhythmias. Objectives: This study aimed to review the common types and clinical presentations of arrhythmias in children with normal heart structures in Albaha, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: In this hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study, the medical records of children were reviewed from January 2010 to December 2020. Results: Overall, 214 children were included in this study. The prevalence of arrhythmias was 27.10% in children aged 5-8 years; 18.7%, 8-12 years; 16.82%, 3-5 years; 16.35%, 1-3 years; 13.55%, 12-14 years; and 7.48%, &lt;1 year. Arrhythmias were more frequent in females aged &lt;5 years and in males aged &gt;5 years; however, overall, there was no significant difference between females (47.20%) and males (52.80%). Supraventricular arrhythmias were the commonest and found in 85% of the children and ventricular arrhythmias were found in 15%. Sinus tachycardia was the most common type of arrhythmia, reported in 25% of the children. Conclusion: In general, arrhythmias in the children are asymptomatic. History, clinical examination, and electrocardiography are important for the diagnosis. Supraventricular arrhythmias are the most common. There is no significant difference between females and males with respect to the prevalence of arrhythmias.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Dental Anxiety Among Patients Visiting Dental Institution- A Cross Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 935-938
Author(s):  
Dr. Srividhya. S ◽  
Dr. Saraswathi Gopal
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
T Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Spss Software

Aim and Objective: Anxiety exhibited by patients towards dental procedures are common problems experienced by many across the world. This study focuses on evaluating the dental anxiety among patients attending the outpatient clinics of Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital and its association with their age, gender, educational level. A total of 200 patients, aged 21–50 years were included in the study. A questionnaire comprising the Corah’s Dental Anxiety Scale was used to assess the level of dental anxiety. The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS software.  Results:. Independent t-test did not show significant variation among the age groups with respect to overall anxiety score (P≥ 0.05), however, it was reduced with increasing age. There was no significant difference was found by independent t-test between male and female groups and regarding previous dental visit (P ≥0.05). Regarding education level, there was no statistical difference between the groups (P > 0.05) Younger patients, female patients were associated with increased anxiety scores. The present study was done for better patient management and proper treatment plan development for dentally anxious patients

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