scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF CHLORIDE ION(Cl-) CONCENTRATION IN GANGA RIVER WATER BY MOHR METHOD AT KANPUR, INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 06-08 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhulekha Shukla ◽  
Sunita Arya
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
River Water ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Ganga River ◽  
Selective Method ◽  
The People ◽  
River Ganga ◽  
Chloride Salts

Purpose of the study:The purpose of this present study was determine the concentration of chloride ion in water sample which collected different site and season of river Ganga.Chloride ions in the environment can come from sodium chloride or from other chloride salts such as potassium chloride, calcium chloride and magnesium chloride. Methodology:Water sample was collected from different site(Bithor ghat, Siddnath ghat and Dhoni ghat) and different season(Pre monsoon, Monsoon and post monsoon) of river Ganga from Kanpur in 2016-2018 year. Mohr method (Argentometric method) was a very simple and highly selective method for the determination of chloride ion (Cl-) using silver nitrate as the titrant. Main Findings: In both the years 2016 till 2018, chloride concentration was within the limit at testing sites.  Applications of this study:To create awareness among the people to maintain the Ganga river water at its highest quality and purity levels. Originality: This project was done in the D G P G College C S J M University, Kanpur India.

Effects of Reducing Sodium Chloride Concentration on the Results of Coulomb Electric Flux

2011 ◽  
Vol 477 ◽  
pp. 388-392
Author(s):  
Ming Lu ◽  
Yi Bo Yang ◽  
Jia Cheng Li ◽  
Wen Ying Guo
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Binder Ratio ◽  
Electric Flux ◽  
Water Binder Ratio

For reducing the consumption and pollution of the sodium chloride (NaCl), the effect of reducing the NaCl concentration on the result of coulomb electric flux were studied. Three typical proportions of concrete and mortar were used to investigate the effects on the results of coulomb electric flux when the NaCl solution is from 3.0% to 1.0% and 0.5% by mass, respectively. The coulomb electric flux for 6h and 18h and chloride ion penetration depth for18h were studied in this experiment. The results are as followings: (1) it is a little effect on the 6h and 18h coulomb electric flux value of concrete and mortar to use1.0% by mass NaCl solution instead of 3.0% by mass NaCl solution, and the error is less than 5%. It was suitable to use 1.0% NaCl solution by mass. (2)The influence of water-binder ratio (W/B) and test time on coulomb electric flux is related to the porosity and pore connectivity. The lower the W/B, the smaller the coulomb electric flux is; the ratio of coulomb electric flux of 18h to that of 6h was about 2.8 ~ 3.0, and the ratio increases with the water-binder ratio. (3) It is not suitable to use the test results of mortar specimens to count the results of concrete specimens, but can use the results of mortar specimens to estimate the anti-chloride performance of different binder. The suggested test method is that using 0.5% or 1.0% by mass NaCl solution, water-binder ratio is 0.38 and binder-sand ratio is between 1:1.5 and 1:1.8. The best binder-sand ratio and other test parameter need to be determined by more research.

scholarly journals Stability of Bendamustine Solutions: Influence of Sodium Chloride Concentration, Temperature and Container

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Jean Vigneron ◽  
Elise D’Huart ◽  
Béatrice Demoré
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Background Bendamustine is used for the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and myeloma. The stability of bendamustine is highly dependent on temperature and chloride-ion concentration. Limited stability data are available. The objective of this work was to study the stability of the bendamustine reconstituted solution at 2.5 mg/mL and the diluted solution in normal saline and 1.5 % sodium chloride to evaluate a potential increase in stability. Methods A stability indicating High Performance Liquid Chromatography method with Diode Array Detection was used. A first study was carried out in glass vials and then in polyolefin containers at 0.25 and 0.60 mg/mL. Solutions were stored at room temperature and at 2–8 °C for 7 days. Results Stability was defined as a concentration above 95 % of the initial concentration [10]. The reconstituted solution at 2.5 mg/mL was stable for only 2 hours at room temperature and 8 hours at 2–8 °C. The stability of diluted solutions was in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations of 3.5 hours at room temperature and 48 hours at 2–8 °C. The addition of sodium chloride doesn’t increase the stability for preparation in infusion in daily practice. Conclusions The information brought by this study is an 8-hour stability of the reconstituted solution at 2–8 °C.

scholarly journals Water quality assessment using NSFWQI, OIP and multivariate techniques of Ganga River system, Uttarakhand, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gagan Matta ◽  
Anjali Nayak ◽  
Avinash Kumar ◽  
Pawan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Water ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Ganga River ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
River Ganga

Abstract Ganga River water is very much stressed with the rapidly increasing population, climate change and water pollution that increase domestic, agricultural and industrial needs. This study assesses the surface water quality of the River Ganga in India, using NSFWQI, OIP and multivariate techniques. During the current study, water samples from Ganga River were collected for the assessment of 19 physico-chemical determinants from 20 sampling locations. Water quality indices (WQIs) is used to classify the overall impact of different variables of water. Multivariate techniques were utilized to assess the water conditions for productive management of fresh water quality. The WQI results showed that surface water quality varied at the selected sampling sites among medium and good categories. The PCA generates the 6 principle components which highly contributes (80.3%) in influencing the hydro-chemistry of river water. Agricultural waste runoff, untreated effluents and many other anthropogenic activities were identified as main contributor in decreasing the water quality of the River Ganga. To maintain and protect this fresh water resources against contamination, the usage of stringent policies and rules are expected to preserve fresh water resources for people in the future.

The dependence of human decidual prolactin production and secretion on the osmotic environment in vitro

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper Rye Andersen ◽  
Birgit Borggaard ◽  
Erik Schroeder ◽  
Elith Bjarne Olsen ◽  
Hans Stimpel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Decidual Tissue ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Decidual Prolactin

Abstract. Human decidual tissue from uncomplicated term pregnancies was incubated in vitro using a cross-over design of incubation lasting for 72 h. The decidual tissue of each membrane was added sequentially to media with the osmolalities 252, 315 and 387 mmol/kg, and the different osmolalities were in 33 experiments induced by changing the concentration either of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, mannitol, sucrose, or choline chloride. At 387 mmol/kg all substances elicited a significant increase in Prl secretion compared with the 315 mmol/kg media (14–27%) or the 252 mmol/kg media (26–46%). When the sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sucrose, and choline chloride media at 387 mmol/kg were compared in another 7 experiments, potassium chloride increased Prl secretion more effectively than the others (10%, P < 0.05). The incubation cross-over design did not permit determination of the decidual Prl content after incubation in each of the various media, but in 28 experiments the mean decidual Prl content was 12.7 mIU per 100 mg dry tissue (range 4–30) before and 8.7 mIU per 100 mg dry tissue (1–17) after the experiments. The mean amount of Prl secreted during the successive incubations was 152.2 mIU per 100 mg dry tissue (19–672) which showed the secretion to be a result of continued Prl production. The effect of osmolality was independent of the basal production rate. These results indicate that the intracellular ionic concentrations, probably of potassium ion or of chloride ion, are of importance in the regulation of the synthesis and secretion of decidual Prl in vitro.

Socioeconomic Challenges faced by Basin’s People in India

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-304
Author(s):  
Biplab Tripathy ◽  
Tanmoy Mondal
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
High Tide ◽  
North East ◽  
The People ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
Major River ◽  
River Ganga ◽  
Basin Region ◽  
Basin Area

India is a subcontinent, there huge no of people lived in river basin area. In India there more or less 80% of people directly or indirectly depend on River. Ganga, Brahamputra in North and North East and Mahanadi, Govabori, Krishna, Kaveri, Narmoda, Tapti, Mahi in South are the major river basin in India. There each year due to flood and high tide lots of people are suffered in river basin region in India. These problems destroy the socio economic peace and hope of the people in river basin. There peoples are continuously suffered by lots of difficulties in sort or in long term basis. Few basin regions are always in high alert at the time of monsoon seasons. Sometime due to over migration from basin area, it becomes empty and creates an ultimate loss of resources in India and causes a dis-balance situation in this area.

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