scholarly journals Defining the Rules and Basic Set of Funtional Elements for Effective Modeling of Communication Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Dmytro Cherkasov
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Packet Filtering ◽  
Real Network ◽  
Complex Information ◽  
Current State ◽  
Basic Set ◽  
Network Operation ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Network Component

Communication networks are complex information systems influenced by a vast amount of factors. It is critically important to forecast the paths that data take to verify the network, check its security and plan its updates. Model allows exploring processes that take place in the network without affecting performance and availability of a real network itself. With modelling it becomes possible to investigate the results of infrastructural changes introduced to the network before actually implementing them. It is important to be able to formally convert real network description into the model definition which preserves all data that is significant for network operation and skip data which is not. Outlining the rules for such conversion and using a limited set of basic functional components provide the ground for automatic model creation for the network of different levels of complexity.Proposed approach to modelling of communication networks is based on decomposition of the overall function of every particular real network component into a set of functions that belong to some predefined basic set. Functions of the basic set include L3 routing, L2 switching, packet filtering, NAT, etc. Model of a real network component is defined as a group of functional nodes each of which implements some function from the basic set.Configuration and current state of network components that influence its operation are also decomposed into elements each of which relates to some particular functional node. Configuration of network components is modelled as a set of configuration storage elements and current state is modelled as a set of current state storage elements.Links that connect real network components and links that connect functional nodes in the model are presented as singledirection channels that implement propagation of L2 frames thus simplifying the model due to excluding physical layer (L1) from the scope.Using the proposed approach to modelling may allow to formalize conversion of a real network descrip- tion to a model thus making automated modelling possible. By using a sufficient basic set of functional nodes it is possible to model the network containing components of any complexity level.

scholarly journals Energy Regulator Supply Restoration Time

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Muhammad Ridzuan ◽  
Sasa Djokic
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Repair Time ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Network Reconfiguration ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Action Time ◽  
Restoration Time ◽  
Network Operation ◽  
Time Substitution ◽  
Network Component

In conventional reliability analysis, the duration of interruptions relied on the input parameter of mean time to repair (MTTR) values in the network components. For certain criteria without network automation, reconfiguration functionalities and/or energy regulator requirements to protect customers from long excessive duration of interruptions, the use of MTTR input seems reasonable. Since modern distribution networks are shifting towards smart grid, some factors must be considered in the reliability assessment process. For networks that apply reconfiguration functionalities and/or network automation, the duration of interruptions experienced by a customer due to faulty network components should be addressed with an automation switch or manual action time that does not exceed the regulator supply restoration time. Hence, this paper introduces a comprehensive methodology of substituting MTTR with maximum action time required to replace/repair a network component and to restore customer duration of interruption with maximum network reconfiguration time based on energy regulator supply requirements. The Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) technique was applied to medium voltage (MV) suburban networks to estimate system-related reliability indices. In this analysis, the purposed method substitutes all MTTR values with time to supply (TTS), which correspond with the UK Guaranteed Standard of Performance (GSP-UK), by the condition of the MTTR value being higher than TTS value. It is nearly impossible for all components to have a quick repairing time, only components on the main feeder were selected for time substitution. Various scenarios were analysed, and the outcomes reflected the applicability of reconfiguration and the replace/repair time of network component. Theoretically, the network reconfiguration (option 1) and component replacement (option 2) with the same amount of repair time should produce exactly the same outputs. However, in simulation, these two options yield different outputs in terms of number and duration of interruptions. Each scenario has its advantages and disadvantages, in which the distribution network operators (DNOs) were selected based on their operating conditions and requirements. The regulator reliability-based network operation is more applicable than power loss-based network operation in counties that employed energy regulator requirements (e.g., GSP-UK) or areas with many factories that required a reliable continuous supply.

RUSSIAN MARKET OF PROFESSIONAL MOBILE RADIO AND CRITICAL COMMUNICATIONS: CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS, PROSPECTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
О.А. ШОРИН ◽  
Р.Ю. КАСПАРИ
Keyword(s):  
Information Transmission ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Mobile Radio ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Critical Information ◽  
Current State ◽  
Telecommunications Market

Рассмотрены характеристики и аудитория сетей профессиональной радиосвязи и критических коммуникаций. Проведен анализ используемых в России технологий профессиональной радиосвязи и перспектив развития данного сегмента телекоммуникационного рынка, произведена оценка его объемов в пятилетней перспективе. Показано, что внедряемая технология широкополосной профессиональной связи МАКВИЛ не только решает назревшие проблемы, связанные с модернизацией морально и физически устаревших систем ведомственной и корпоративной транкинговой связи, но и открывает новые возможности роста рынка услуг передачи критически важной информации. The characteristics and audience of professional mobile radio and critical communication networks are reviewed. The analysis of professional mobile radio technologies used in Russia and the prospects for the development of this segment of the telecommunications market is carried out, as well as its volume is estimated in the five-year perspective. It is shown that McWiLL broadband professional radio communication technology not only solves the urgent problems associated with the modernization of morally and physically obsolete systems of departmental and corporate trunking communications, but also opens up new opportunities for the growth of the market for critical information transmission services.

scholarly journals Sample Preparation: The Forgotten Beginning

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1774-1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
BYRON BREHM-STECHER ◽  
CHARLES YOUNG ◽  
LEE-ANN JAYKUS ◽  
MARY LOU TORTORELLO
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
Food Microbiology ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Current State ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Functional Components

Advances in molecular technologies and automated instrumentation have provided many opportunities for improved detection and identification of microorganisms; however, the upstream sample preparation steps needed to apply these advances to foods have not been adequately researched or developed. Thus, the extent to which these advances have improved food microbiology has been limited. The purpose of this review is to present the current state of sample preparation, to identify knowledge gaps and opportunities for improvement, and to recognize the need to support greater research and development efforts on preparative methods in food microbiology. The discussion focuses on the need to push technological developments toward methods that do not rely on enrichment culture. Among the four functional components of microbiological analysis (i.e., sampling, separation, concentration, detection), the separation and concentration components need to be researched more extensively to achieve rapid, direct, and quantitative methods. The usefulness of borrowing concepts of separation and concentration from other disciplines and the need to regard the microorganism as a physicochemical analyte that may be directly extracted from the food matrix are discussed. The development of next-generation systems that holistically integrate sample preparation with rapid, automated detection will require interdisciplinary collaboration and substantially increased funding.

A CUSTOMIZED AND PORTABLE COMPONENT-BASED FRAMEWORK FOR INTELLIGENT HOMECARE SYSTEM DESIGN WITH VIDEO AND PHYSIOLOGICAL MONITORING MACHINERIES

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (05) ◽  
pp. 325-348
Author(s):  
Yen-Lin Chen ◽  
Chuan-Yen Chiang ◽  
Chao-Wei Yu ◽  
Shyan-Ming Yuan ◽  
Zeng-Wei Hong
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Home Healthcare ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Reusable Component ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Functional Components

This study proposes a customized and reusable component-based design framework based on the UML modeling process for intelligent home healthcare systems. All the proposed functional components are reusable, replaceable, and extensible for the system developers to implement customized home healthcare systems addressing different demands of patients and caregivers from healthcare monitoring aspects. The prototype design of the intelligent healthcare system based on these proposed components can provide the following features: (1) monitoring and recording videos of rehabilitation situations and patient behavior using multiple CCD cameras, which can be stored accordingly in an archive; (2) recording the patient's physiological data and corresponding treatment plan, which can be stored in an XML archiving database for caregivers' review; (3) automatically alerting patients to remind them of medication schedules or treatment plans, while recording the patient's treatment situations; (4) caregivers monitoring videos and physiological records of the patient's rehabilitation using handheld mobile devices via the Internet or wireless communication networks; and (5) caregivers and patients establishing alert mechanisms for the patients' physiological warning states. If the patient's physiological state suddenly deteriorates, the module would immediately alert caregivers by sending notification messages to their remote mobile devices or web browsers.

scholarly journals Critical assessment of the current state of scientific knowledge, terminology, and research needs concerning the role of organic aerosols in the atmosphere, climate, and global change

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2017-2038 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fuzzi ◽  
M. O. Andreae ◽  
B. J. Huebert ◽  
M. Kulmala ◽  
T. C. Bond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
Basic Set ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Present Understanding ◽  
Key Questions

Abstract. In spite of impressive advances in recent years, our present understanding of organic aerosol (OA) composition, physical and chemical properties, sources and transformation characteristics is still rather limited, and their environmental effects remain highly uncertain. This paper discusses and prioritizes issues related to organic aerosols and their effects on atmospheric processes and climate, providing a basis for future activities in the field. Four main topical areas are addressed: i) sources of OA; ii) formation transformation and removal of OA; iii) physical, chemical and mixing state of OA; iv) atmospheric modelling of OA. Key questions and research priorities regarding these four areas are synthesized in this paper, and outstanding issues for future research are presented for each topical area. In addition, an effort is made to formulate a basic set of consistent and universally applicable terms and definitions for coherent description of atmospheric OA across different scales and disciplines.

scholarly journals Assessment of environmental quality, degree of optimism, and the assignment of responsibility regarding the state of the environment in Latin America

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Páramo ◽  
Marithza Sandoval-Escobar ◽  
Adriana Jakovcevic ◽  
Julian Ferreiro ◽  
Alba Mustaca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future ◽  
High Level ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Responsibility Scale

This study explores the assessments made by the inhabitants of eight Latin American countries regarding the current state of the environment, at a local, national and global scale, and how it is perceived looking ahead to the future. It also examines the assignment of responsibility in the future management of the environment. A total of 944 people took part in the study from the eight participating countries, men and women over the age of 18 with different levels of education. The study uses the Environmental Futures Scale to which two relevant items have been added to assess the environment in the region, as well as the Assignment of Environmental Responsibility Scale. The results show differences between the countries, although in general they are pessimistic regarding the current and future state of the environment at the local, national and global level, with the exception of Brazil. In general, and with the exception of Brazil, in the countries surveyed, people assign a high level of responsibility to external social agents at the different levels, increasing their judgement of external responsibility at the national and global levels of analysis. The implications of these findings for environmental policy and education in the countries of this region are also discussed.

The Nature and Role of Complexity in Simulation Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Figueiredo ◽  
Elisabeth Loiola
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Online Game ◽  
System Dynamics Model ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Simulation Performance ◽  
Complex Information ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Development Pipeline ◽  
Different Levels

The objective of this study is to understand the nature and role of complexity in simulation performance. In order to do this, a system dynamics model of the product development pipeline was developed, and an online game based on that model was created. An experiment was run where subject made a series of decisions on one or two variables for many periods, with different levels of information available to them (attribute complexity). Hypotheses were proposed based on the literature. The results confirmed the hypotheses relating degree of difficulty to distance from optimality. Two factors adversely affected the subjects' performance: dealing with more complex information on performance (more than one attribute) and having to make more than one simultaneous decision, i.e. more than one decision per period. The latter condition was more detrimental to performance than the former.

Trust Management and Modeling Techniques in Wireless Communications

2014 ◽  
pp. 278-294
Author(s):  
Revathi Venkataraman ◽  
M. Pushpalatha ◽  
T. Rama Rao
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Trust Management ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Distributed Environment ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Trust Formation ◽  
Computation Process ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Smart Embedded Systems ◽  
Functional Components

Trust management is an emerging technology to facilitate secure interactions between two communicating entities in distributed environments where the traditional security mechanisms are insufficient due to incomplete knowledge about the remote entities. With the development of ubiquitous computing and smart embedded systems, new challenges and threats come up in a heterogeneous environment. Trust management techniques that depend on a centralized server are not feasible in wireless peer-to-peer communication networks. Hence, the trust management and modeling strategies are becoming increasingly complex to cope with the system vulnerabilities in a distributed environment. The aim of this chapter is to have a thorough understanding of the trust formation process and the statistical techniques that are used at different stages of the trust computation process. The functional components of a trust management framework are identified and some of the existing statistical techniques used in different phases of the trust management framework are analyzed.

Current State of Masonry Properties Material on Emerging Zones in Lima City

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Lavado ◽  
◽  
Jenny Taira ◽  
Jorge Gallardo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Structural Materials ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Current State ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Levels

Masonry is one of the most common structural materials used to build houses in the city of Lima, Peru. The structural features of this material and its components vary widely, however, due to the manufacturing process, which uses bricks and aggregates and different levels of labor. This paper presents experimental results realized using bricks, prism and wallettes to determine the mechanical properties of masonry.

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