scholarly journals SYNTACTIC SYNONYMY AS ONE OF THE PECULIARITIES OF AUTHOR’S IDIOSTYLE (based on French fiction of the XXth – the beginning of the XXIst centuries)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
А. Lepetiukha
Keyword(s):  
Primary Structure ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Inverse Reconstruction ◽  
Language Discourse ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Cognitive Space ◽  
Conditional Structures ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Continuum

In this article the syntactic synonyms as one the characteristics of the author’s idiostyle are defined as the co(n)textually preferential options formed in the continuum language → discourse as a result of the phased phenomenological cognitive polyoperations at the levels of primary and secondary consciousness: destruction and reconstruction of being and its structures and categories → sublinguistic schemes → primary (pivotal) structures → secondary reduced, extended and quantitatively equacomponential one-basis and two-basis synonymic transforms. Transformational processes and the primary structure are revealed by means of the procedure of inverse reconstruction (discourse → language). The author’s idiostyle is considered as the correlation of different degree of individual and collective cognitive spaces that conditions the choice and actualization of some synonymic structures. Three types of author’s idiostyle are distinguished: 1) diffuse (dominance of the collective cognitive space over the individual one which is revealed through the realization of synonymic structures characteristic to a certain epoch; 2) personal (prevalence of the individual cognitive space over the collective one, that is the actualization of grammaticalized synonymic utterances appropriate for another epoch, of typical agrammaticalized synonymic structures characteristic to another epoch or non-characteristic to the described epoch, of non-typical agrammaticalized synonymic structures. The french writer’s idiostyle of the XXth – the beginning of the XXIst centuries is analyzed using the examples of different semantic-structural types of synonymic preferential options (reduced mono- and polypredicative constructions with the participial and gerundial head lexemes, asyndetic conditional structures and extended with the predicates and presentatives synonymic structures) and it is proved the coexistence of two phenomena: reduction and extension in the modern French fiction despite of the general tendency of the economy of means of expression of author’s thought

scholarly journals Fenomena of compression, extension and quantitative equacomponence in the syntactic synonymy (based on French fiction of the 20th – the beginning of the 21st c.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Lepetiukha
Keyword(s):  
Primary Structure ◽  
Communicative Intention ◽  
Inverse Reconstruction ◽  
Language Discourse ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Structural Peculiarities ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Continuum

In this article the mono- and polypredicative utterances with syntactic synonymy of French fiction of the 20th – the beginning of the 21st c. are studied in the continuum language → discourse as transforms of virtual (linguistic) primary (pivotal) structures which are actualized in the form of mono- and polysynonymic compressed, extended and quantitatively equacomponential co(n)textually preferential options. The goal of this research is to distinguish the different semantic-structural types of analyzed constructions of modern French fiction and to inversely (discourse → language) reconstruct the primary structure of actualized synonymic transforms. In the article the transformational method is used to reveal the semantic-structural peculiarities of the pivotal syntagmata and propositions and of the mono- and polysynonymic transforms; and the method of the inverse reconstruction of virtual transformational processes in order to identify all the members of synonymic chains. It was proved that the redundant synonymic constructions are extended with adverbs, pronouns and predicates (active and passive extension), the compression is manifested most often by the contamination and the semantic and syntagmatic ellipsis. The elliptical constructions are defined in the research as structures with the implicit nominal/pronominal component and with the explicit, explicit-implicit or completely implicit predicate or the structures with the implicit complement where the implicit components are deduced associatively or co(n)textually. The different types of synonymic preferential options with the polysynonymisation at the level of syntagma or utterances were detected in modern French fiction. It was concluded that the author actualizes the mono- and polypredicative mono- and polysynonymiс constructions according to some communicative intention and planning of narration.

ГЕРМЕНЕВТИКА ЛИЧНОСТИ КАК МЕТОД СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ПЕРСОНОЛОГИИ

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Елена Старовойтенко
Keyword(s):  
Text Setting ◽  
Research Setting ◽  
Textual Representations ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Continuum

Персонологическая интерпретация текстов предполагает реализацию общенаучных, а также специфических для персонологии, герменевтических установок, к которым относятся: установка на интерпретацию текста как исследование, установка на разнообразие герменевтических действий с текстом, установка на выявление неисследованных содержаний текста, установка на творческое постижение тайн текста, установка на целостное отношение к личности и "Я" автора текста, установка на выявление способности автора быть "практикующим феноменологом", установка на определение места изучаемого текста в континууме текстовых репрезентаций "личности", установка на соотнесение своего понимания текста с другими интерпретациями и их интеграцию, установка на раскрытие сущности авторской "идеи личности", возможное только в единстве интерпретаций, установка на построение и применение герменевтической модели, определяющей процедуру интерпретации как исследования и творчества, установка на определение места проделанного герменевтического поиска в культуре познания и жизни личности, установка на интерпретацию различных видов "текстов личности". Personological interpretation of texts suggests the implementation of the general scientific and also hermeneutical settings specific for Personology which include the setting of the interpretation of the text as a research, setting of a variety of hermeneutical actions with the text, setting to identify unexplored contents of the text, setting of the creative comprehension of the mysteries of the text, setting of the integrity of the attitude of the individual and the "I" of the author of the text, setting to reveal the author's ability to be "practicing phenomenologist", setting of the definition of the place in the text in the continuum of textual representations of the "personality", setting in the correlation of the understanding of the text with other interpretations and their integration, setting of the disclosure of the author's "ideas person" is possible only in the unity of interpretation, setting of the construction and usage of hermeneutical models defining the procedure for the interpretation of both studies and work, the setting to determine the place of hermeneutical research in culture and knowledge of a person's life, setting of the interpretation of various types of "texts of the individual."

SUBORDINATE AND MATRIX SYNONYMIC INFINITIVE UTTERANCES IN FRENCH FICTION OF THE XX – XXI CENTURIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Anastasiia LEPETIUKHA
Keyword(s):  
Communicative Intention ◽  
Inverse Reconstruction ◽  
Demonstrative Pronoun ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Terminal Chain

In this article subordinate and matrix infinitive utterances are defined as one-basis (with one transformational terminal chain) and two-basis (with two or more transformational terminal chains) synonymic transforms of the virtual (linguistic) primary propositionnal structure with the concessive, temporal, causal, final, hypothetical semantic meanings. They are actualized in the form of preferential options-compressed, extended or quantitatively equacomponential discourse innovations with the explicit predicate and the implicit actant coreferent or non-coreferent with the actant of the matrix utterance according to the communicative intention or the idiostyle of the author. Different semantic-structural types of subordinate infinitive utterances, the matrix infinitive utterances containing the verb savoir, the specific extended polypredicative constructions (with the extender-demonstrative pronoun) and the quantitatively equacomponential structures with the initial infinitive are distinguished. The inverse reconstruction (discourse → language) of the virtual transformational processes is carried out in order to identify all the members of the virtual synonymic chains. It is proved that the procedure of the inverse reconstruction and the identification of the primary proposition are impossible in case of the insufficience of the expression. The “alternativeˮ linguistic experiment allows for justifying the co(n)textual (linguistic and situational) pertinence of the analyzed synonymic preferential options and determining the author’s idiostylistic peculiarities.

scholarly journals Dissecting the EUV Spectrum of Capella

1996 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy S. Brickhouse
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Ultraviolet ◽  
Emission Measure ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Line Emission ◽  
Local Maximum ◽  
Abundance Ratio ◽  
Emission Lines ◽  
Cool Star ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Continuum

Extreme ultraviolet spectra of Capella, obtained at various orbital phases over the past two years by the EUVE satellite, show strong emission lines from a continuous distribution of temperatures (~ 105 − 107.3 K). In addition to the strong He II λ303.8, the spectra are dominated by emission lines of highly ionized iron. Strong lines of Fe IX, XV, XVI, and XVIII–XXIV are used to construct emission measure distributions for the individual pointings, which show several striking features, including a minimum near 106 K and a local maximum at 106.8 K. Furthermore, intensities of the highest temperature lines (Te > 107 K) show variations (factors of 2–3) at different orbital phases, while the lower temperature Fe lines show variations of about 30% or less. The low variability of most of the strong low temperature features motivates a detailed analysis of the summed spectrum. With ~ 280 ks of total exposure time, we have measured over 200 emission features with S/N ≥ 3.0 in the summed spectrum. We report here initial results from the analysis of this spectrum. We can now identify lines of Fe VIII and X–XIV, as well as a number of electron density and abundance diagnostic lines.We also report here the first direct measurement of the continuum flux around ~ 100 Å in a cool star atmosphere with EUVE. The continuum flux can be predicted from the emission measure model based on Fe line emission, and demonstrates that the Fe/H abundance ratio is close to the solar photospheric value.

scholarly journals Modeling spatial navigation in the presence of dynamic obstacles: a differential games approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 990-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuja Darekar ◽  
Valery Goussev ◽  
Bradford J. McFadyen ◽  
Anouk Lamontagne ◽  
Joyce Fung
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Differential Games ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Obstacle Circumvention ◽  
Locomotor Strategy ◽  
Model Components ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Moving Obstacle ◽  
The Continuum

Obstacle circumvention strategies can be shaped by the dynamic interaction of an individual (evader) and an obstacle (pursuer). We have developed a mathematical model with predictive and emergent components, using experimental data from seven healthy young adults walking toward a target while avoiding collision with a stationary or moving obstacle (approaching head-on, or diagonally 30° left or right) in a virtual environment. Two linear properties from the predictive component enable the evader to predict the minimum distance between itself and the obstacle at all times, including the future intersection of trajectories. The emergent component uses the classical differential games model to solve for an optimal circumvention while reaching the target, wherein the locomotor strategy is influenced by the obstacle, target, and the evader velocity. Both model components were fitted to a different set of experimental data obtained from five poststroke and healthy participants to derive the minimum predicted distance (predictive component) and obstacle influence dimensions (emergent component) during circumvention. Minimum predicted distance between evader and pursuer was kept constant when the evader was closest to the obstacle in all participants. Obstacle influence dimensions varied depending on obstacle approach condition and preferred side of circumvention, reflecting differences in locomotor strategies between poststroke and healthy individuals. Additionally, important associations between model outputs and observed experimental outcomes were found. The model, supported by experimental data, suggests that both predictive and emergent processes can shape obstacle circumvention strategies in healthy and poststroke individuals.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Obstacle circumvention during goal-directed locomotion is modeled with a new mathematical approach comprising both predictive and emergent elements. The major novelty is using differential games solutions to illustrate the dynamic interactions between the individual as an evader and the approaching obstacle as a pursuer. The model is supported by experimental evidence that explains the behavior along the continuum of locomotor adaptation displayed by healthy subjects and individuals with stroke.

The Third Dimension of Carbon Black Structure

1976 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1068-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. Mercer ◽  
A. H. Boyer ◽  
P. L. Bhusky ◽  
M. L. Deviney
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Primary Structure ◽  
Structure Characterization ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Initial Report ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Realistic View ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Structure is probably the most difficult characteristic of carbon black to define. Electron microscopy has shown that the individual particles of a black are fused together into a variety of shapes, collectively defined as the structure. Here, particle is used to refer to that entity which is somewhat spherical in shape and is the smallest “building block” of structure. These particles have also been called “domains” of rotational graphitic layers and “nodules”. The larger unit resulting from the fusion of these particles forms an “aggregate” or a “primary structure” unit. A collection of aggregates, held together by some other force (e.g , van der Waals force), is called an “agglomerate” or “secondary structure”. With dry black, it is difficult to completely eliminate all secondry structure. However, main emphasis in this study was on primary structure, because it has the greater influence on rubber properties and because secondary structure is greatly reduced in good rubber mixing. Many recent characterization studies have been concerned with making direct measurements on primary structure units (aggregates) by automated image analysis techniques, a pencil following device, and a comparative chart method. In the work described here, a different approach has been taken to viewing carbon black primary structure units, an approach using the scanning electron microscope combined with stereoscopic methods. This initial report will be mainly concerned with a description of the techniques and results on several individual primary structure units. It is suggested that the efforts described here provide a realistic view of carbon black primary structure and that a third dimension term is essential for primary structure characterization.

scholarly journals SYNONYMIC ASYNDETIC SUBORDINATE UTTERANCES OF POLYPREDICATIVE STRUCTURES WITH THE PARTICIPIAL AND GERUNDIAL HEAD LEXEMES (on the material of French fiction of the 20th � the beginning of the 21st centuries)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiia V. Lepetiukha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Communicative Intention ◽  
Inverse Reconstruction ◽  
Structural Types

In the article absolute pre-, inter- and postpositive grammaticalized and typical agrammaticalized (conventional in discourse but non-conventional in language) participial and gerundial turns and postpositive object participial turns are distinguished and analyzed. They are defined as synonymic subordinate utterances with implicit-explicit predication with the participial and gerundial head lexemes. The goal of this article is to highlight the semantic-syntactic types of synonymic absolute participial and gerundial turns and of object participial turns and to justify their co(n)textual (linguistic and situational) pertinence. Achieving the goal involves solving such problems as: to establish the structural typologies of the participial and gerundial synonymic discourse innovations; to identify the semantic meanings of the primary and actualized structures; to determine the degree of the co(n)textual pertinence of all the members of the synonymic chain within the functional-semantic macrofield. In this research the method of the inverse (discourse > language) reconstruction of virtual (linguistic) transformational processes and the �alternative� linguistic experiment are used to justify the co(n)textual pertinence of the actualized synonymic structure. The analyzed constructions are defined as one- and two-basis synonymic transforms of the primary subordinate proposition actualized in the form of compressed discourse innovations-preferential options with temporal, causal, hypothetical and explicative semantic meanings. The such structural types of these constructions are distinguished: a) absolute participial and gerundial turns build on the models: S (subject) + P pr / p (participle present / past), P pr / � or (D) (stimulator of identification of referent) S + G pr / p (gerund present / past), G pr / p, G p + S; b) �bject participial turns build on the model P pr / � + C (object). By means of the inverse reconstruction all the members of virtual synonymic chains are identified and the degree of their co(n)textual pertinence is experimentally determined. It is revealed that the author uses the strategies of the simplification or the complication of the information to the recipient according to some pragmatic planning of the narration, his communicative intention or his idiostylistic peculiarities. It is proved that the �alternative� linguistic experiment can fail in the case of the implication of some referents non-exteriorized in either pretext or posttext.

scholarly journals The Epic Mania: Pound’s Response to E. A. Poe and T. Hulme

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Gon
Keyword(s):  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Specific Component ◽  
Epic Tradition ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Cantos ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Continuum

The article is devoted to the analysis of a specific component in the post-epic artistic picture of the world contextualized in the genre experiments with epic forms that symbolize the search for new ways to express the substantial unity of the individual with a society. It is important that in «The Poetic Principle» (1850) Poe appeals to the epic tradition and expresses an essential thesis about the paradigm of the epic and the lyrical in precedent texts and mentions a significant lyrical inderpinning in Homer's Iliad. In «A Lecture on Modern Poetry» (1908), Hume posits that the very assumption that in modern poetry there will appear an artist capable of synthesizing all the experience of modern peroson in the form of a great epic is an utter misunderstanding of the tendencies in modern poetry. Both Pound and Yuri Klen consider the creation of a modern epic in the coordinates of the continuum of the national poetic canon. The concept of «return» constitutes an omnipresent aesthetic program of the Pound’s epic. The poetics of repetitions in the Cantos is based on the versification models of the European fixed poetic forms that are extensively represented against the background of new emphases and reformatting of the ancient epic forms, making new their conventions and motives. Creative and receptive aspects of the innovative application of specific features in the epic composition (recurrent historical plots, the νόστος topos) deeply correlate with the artistic form of the modern epic.

Aesthetics and Cultural Studies

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Knight
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
New Left ◽  
Audience Response ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Language Discourse ◽  
Youth Subcultures ◽  
Cultural Texts ◽  
Second Phases ◽  
The Individual

Cultural studies in its first and second phases was an avowedly political undertaking, clearly associated with the British New Left as well as with Marxist social and political philosophies. By the 1970s and 1980s, Birmingham-style cultural studies was producing work on subjects such as ideology, language, discourse and textuality, the role of police, youth subcultures, and audience response to popular and mass cultural texts. The third phase of cultural studies, roughly from the late 1980s to the present and especially in its ‘international’ tendencies, moves away from a commitment to Marxism — especially from a commitment to Marxist political economy — and focuses increasingly on what Douglas Kellner describes as a ‘postmodern problematic’ dealing with ‘pleasure, consumption, and the individual construction of identities’.

Polymorphism of cow colostrum proteinase inhibitor

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Věra Jonáková ◽  
Dana Čechová ◽  
Otakar Mach
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Primary Structure ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitor ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Net Charge ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Isoelectric Points ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Protein Moiety

Cow colostrum contains three isoinhibitors A, B, and C, which are glycoproteins. In this study isoinhibitor A was isolated and characterized and the structure of its protein moiety compared with the known protein structures of isoinhibitors B and C. It was found that the primary structure of isoinhibitor A is identical with the primary structure of isoinhibitor B except that the C-terminus of its molecule is shorter by five amino acid residues. Four discrete chromatographic forms (I-IV) with different isoelectric points (pI 3.8 - I, 4.0 - II, 4.3 - III, and 4.5 - IV) were isolated by chromatography on SE-Sephadex, Form I is identical with isoinhibitor A. Forms II, III, and IV are represented by mixtures of isoinhibitors A, B, and C with a heterogeneous carbohydrate moiety which affects the total net charge of the individual inhibitor forms.

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