scholarly journals Fenomena of compression, extension and quantitative equacomponence in the syntactic synonymy (based on French fiction of the 20th – the beginning of the 21st c.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Lepetiukha
Keyword(s):  
Primary Structure ◽  
Communicative Intention ◽  
Inverse Reconstruction ◽  
Language Discourse ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Structural Peculiarities ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Continuum

In this article the mono- and polypredicative utterances with syntactic synonymy of French fiction of the 20th – the beginning of the 21st c. are studied in the continuum language → discourse as transforms of virtual (linguistic) primary (pivotal) structures which are actualized in the form of mono- and polysynonymic compressed, extended and quantitatively equacomponential co(n)textually preferential options. The goal of this research is to distinguish the different semantic-structural types of analyzed constructions of modern French fiction and to inversely (discourse → language) reconstruct the primary structure of actualized synonymic transforms. In the article the transformational method is used to reveal the semantic-structural peculiarities of the pivotal syntagmata and propositions and of the mono- and polysynonymic transforms; and the method of the inverse reconstruction of virtual transformational processes in order to identify all the members of synonymic chains. It was proved that the redundant synonymic constructions are extended with adverbs, pronouns and predicates (active and passive extension), the compression is manifested most often by the contamination and the semantic and syntagmatic ellipsis. The elliptical constructions are defined in the research as structures with the implicit nominal/pronominal component and with the explicit, explicit-implicit or completely implicit predicate or the structures with the implicit complement where the implicit components are deduced associatively or co(n)textually. The different types of synonymic preferential options with the polysynonymisation at the level of syntagma or utterances were detected in modern French fiction. It was concluded that the author actualizes the mono- and polypredicative mono- and polysynonymiс constructions according to some communicative intention and planning of narration.

scholarly journals SYNTACTIC SYNONYMY AS ONE OF THE PECULIARITIES OF AUTHOR’S IDIOSTYLE (based on French fiction of the XXth – the beginning of the XXIst centuries)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
А. Lepetiukha
Keyword(s):  
Primary Structure ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Inverse Reconstruction ◽  
Language Discourse ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Cognitive Space ◽  
Conditional Structures ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Continuum

In this article the syntactic synonyms as one the characteristics of the author’s idiostyle are defined as the co(n)textually preferential options formed in the continuum language → discourse as a result of the phased phenomenological cognitive polyoperations at the levels of primary and secondary consciousness: destruction and reconstruction of being and its structures and categories → sublinguistic schemes → primary (pivotal) structures → secondary reduced, extended and quantitatively equacomponential one-basis and two-basis synonymic transforms. Transformational processes and the primary structure are revealed by means of the procedure of inverse reconstruction (discourse → language). The author’s idiostyle is considered as the correlation of different degree of individual and collective cognitive spaces that conditions the choice and actualization of some synonymic structures. Three types of author’s idiostyle are distinguished: 1) diffuse (dominance of the collective cognitive space over the individual one which is revealed through the realization of synonymic structures characteristic to a certain epoch; 2) personal (prevalence of the individual cognitive space over the collective one, that is the actualization of grammaticalized synonymic utterances appropriate for another epoch, of typical agrammaticalized synonymic structures characteristic to another epoch or non-characteristic to the described epoch, of non-typical agrammaticalized synonymic structures. The french writer’s idiostyle of the XXth – the beginning of the XXIst centuries is analyzed using the examples of different semantic-structural types of synonymic preferential options (reduced mono- and polypredicative constructions with the participial and gerundial head lexemes, asyndetic conditional structures and extended with the predicates and presentatives synonymic structures) and it is proved the coexistence of two phenomena: reduction and extension in the modern French fiction despite of the general tendency of the economy of means of expression of author’s thought

SUBORDINATE AND MATRIX SYNONYMIC INFINITIVE UTTERANCES IN FRENCH FICTION OF THE XX – XXI CENTURIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Anastasiia LEPETIUKHA
Keyword(s):  
Communicative Intention ◽  
Inverse Reconstruction ◽  
Demonstrative Pronoun ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Terminal Chain

In this article subordinate and matrix infinitive utterances are defined as one-basis (with one transformational terminal chain) and two-basis (with two or more transformational terminal chains) synonymic transforms of the virtual (linguistic) primary propositionnal structure with the concessive, temporal, causal, final, hypothetical semantic meanings. They are actualized in the form of preferential options-compressed, extended or quantitatively equacomponential discourse innovations with the explicit predicate and the implicit actant coreferent or non-coreferent with the actant of the matrix utterance according to the communicative intention or the idiostyle of the author. Different semantic-structural types of subordinate infinitive utterances, the matrix infinitive utterances containing the verb savoir, the specific extended polypredicative constructions (with the extender-demonstrative pronoun) and the quantitatively equacomponential structures with the initial infinitive are distinguished. The inverse reconstruction (discourse → language) of the virtual transformational processes is carried out in order to identify all the members of the virtual synonymic chains. It is proved that the procedure of the inverse reconstruction and the identification of the primary proposition are impossible in case of the insufficience of the expression. The “alternativeˮ linguistic experiment allows for justifying the co(n)textual (linguistic and situational) pertinence of the analyzed synonymic preferential options and determining the author’s idiostylistic peculiarities.

scholarly journals SYNONYMIC ASYNDETIC SUBORDINATE UTTERANCES OF POLYPREDICATIVE STRUCTURES WITH THE PARTICIPIAL AND GERUNDIAL HEAD LEXEMES (on the material of French fiction of the 20th � the beginning of the 21st centuries)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiia V. Lepetiukha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Communicative Intention ◽  
Inverse Reconstruction ◽  
Structural Types

In the article absolute pre-, inter- and postpositive grammaticalized and typical agrammaticalized (conventional in discourse but non-conventional in language) participial and gerundial turns and postpositive object participial turns are distinguished and analyzed. They are defined as synonymic subordinate utterances with implicit-explicit predication with the participial and gerundial head lexemes. The goal of this article is to highlight the semantic-syntactic types of synonymic absolute participial and gerundial turns and of object participial turns and to justify their co(n)textual (linguistic and situational) pertinence. Achieving the goal involves solving such problems as: to establish the structural typologies of the participial and gerundial synonymic discourse innovations; to identify the semantic meanings of the primary and actualized structures; to determine the degree of the co(n)textual pertinence of all the members of the synonymic chain within the functional-semantic macrofield. In this research the method of the inverse (discourse > language) reconstruction of virtual (linguistic) transformational processes and the �alternative� linguistic experiment are used to justify the co(n)textual pertinence of the actualized synonymic structure. The analyzed constructions are defined as one- and two-basis synonymic transforms of the primary subordinate proposition actualized in the form of compressed discourse innovations-preferential options with temporal, causal, hypothetical and explicative semantic meanings. The such structural types of these constructions are distinguished: a) absolute participial and gerundial turns build on the models: S (subject) + P pr / p (participle present / past), P pr / � or (D) (stimulator of identification of referent) S + G pr / p (gerund present / past), G pr / p, G p + S; b) �bject participial turns build on the model P pr / � + C (object). By means of the inverse reconstruction all the members of virtual synonymic chains are identified and the degree of their co(n)textual pertinence is experimentally determined. It is revealed that the author uses the strategies of the simplification or the complication of the information to the recipient according to some pragmatic planning of the narration, his communicative intention or his idiostylistic peculiarities. It is proved that the �alternative� linguistic experiment can fail in the case of the implication of some referents non-exteriorized in either pretext or posttext.

Optimum Seismic Zoning Using An Artificial Neural Network

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 1187-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime García-Pérez ◽  
René Riaño
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Seismic Zoning ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Initial Cost ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Artificial Neural

The Kohonen artificial neural network is employed to divide a region of known seismicity into zones. Optimum boundaries and seismic design coefficients for each zone are determined by computing the expected present value of the total cost, including the initial cost of structures and damages due to earthquakes. The region is discretized into cells containing information on seismicity and the number of structural types. Then regionalization is performed, first without considering jurisdictional limits and later including this restriction. Up to four different types of structures are considered simultaneously in the regionalization. The results are presented in maps showing both zones and corresponding seismic design coefficients.

Satisfaction with democracy and social capital in Greece

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Daskalopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Satisfaction With Democracy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
European Values ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Continuum

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how different types of social capital contribute to the satisfaction with democracy (SWD) in Greece. Understanding the relationship between different variants of social capital and SWD allows one to situate the Greek democracy in the continuum of democracy types, from primary to modern. Design/methodology/approach The study uses microdata extracted from the European Values Surveys of 2002-2010 and multivariate regression analysis. Findings The results are compatible with a conception of the Greek political organization as a civil virtue democracy. A change in the nature of the relationship is observed after the recent economic crisis in the country. Research limitations/implications The study contributes to the empirical knowledge regarding the relationship between different variants of social capital and SWD. Originality/value Using a typology approach, the micro-relationship between democracy and social capital is analyzed as embedded in a continuum of different democracy types. In addition, this is the first study that uses microdata to analyze the effect of social capital upon SWD in Greece. The results of the study provide valuable understanding of the social and institutional arrangements that might sustain Greece’s efforts to meet its overall developmental challenges.

XXX.—Experiments and Observations on Crustacea. Part VII: Some Structural and Physiological Features of the Valviferous Isopod Chiridotea

1927 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 334-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Tait
Keyword(s):  
Colour Change ◽  
The Body ◽  
Specific Difference ◽  
Rhythmic Contraction ◽  
Anterior Border ◽  
Characteristic Type ◽  
Structural Peculiarities ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Peristaltic Movement ◽  
Working Together

Summary1. Following upon a previous study of spirit specimens of Glyptonotus, observations have been made on live examples of Chiridotea cœca and C. tuftsii with the object of elucidating points relating to the natural history and structural peculiarities of the Glyptonoteinæ.2. Though wholly carnivorous, Chiridotea is not a predaceous animal. Subsisting on portions of animals, already dead, which it discovers by persevering search aided by sense of smell, it is a scavenger rather than a hunter of living prey.3. The uncommon division of the thoracic limbs in Chiridotea is associated with an exceptional range of locomotor accomplishments. The animal not only walks and swims like other members of the Idoteidæ, but also tunnels its way for long distances under the surface of sand.4. The three pairs of gnathopods subserve a number of functions. They are used in ordinary reptant progression. They are used to seize and hold on to food, but not to tear or rend it. Working in conjunction with the mandibles, they play an essential part in the process of manducation. They also come into action during sand-tunnelling.5. On closer observation the characteristic type of limb-taxis of Chiridotea proves to be specially related to the tunnelling habit. During the process of tunnelling the mesially situated gnathopods and pleopods, working together, deal with one body of sand, the laterally projecting peræopods with another.6. Certain common features in the bodily conformation of Serolis, of Apus, of Limulus, and of Trilobites are interpreted as an adaptation, by convergence, to a habitat on the surface of mud.7. Owing to the transparency of its body, the movements of the alimentary canal of Chiridotea can be observed during ingestion and the movements of the hepatic cæca during digestion of food.8. The midgut exhibits, according to circumstances, two different types of peristaltic movement. At the very commencement of a meal, and also during long continued vain effort to masticate a tough morsel of food, a succession of forward-running waves of contraction is observed. When food begins to be swallowed these are replaced by backward-coursing waves of contraction.9. There are two pairs of hepatic cæca. As the midgut fills the more mesial pair passes out of sight. The laterally situated cæca increase greatly in volume and exhibit a series of dilatations or pockets, which enter into vigorous and long-sustained rhythmic contraction.10. The mesial split in the thoracic sternites is a device for allowing distension of the body after a meal.11. Its eyes being wholly dorsal, Chiridotea shows no conspicuous colour change in response to its background. It has both brown and black chromatophores, the latter contractile.12. A new point of specific difference between C. cœca and C. tuftsii is recorded.13. The direction of rotation by which the uropods of Valvifera have assumed their present orientation is discussed anew, the conclusion again being that the anterior border was originally mesial.14. Objections are raised against the elevation by Racovitza and Sevastos of the northern representatives of Miers' Glyptonoteinæ to independent sub-family rank.

The anatomy and interpretation of an Archean volcaniclastic sequence, Noranda region, Quebec

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 874-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Normand Tassé ◽  
Jean Lajoie ◽  
Erich Dimroth
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Primary Structure ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Type A ◽  
Type B ◽  
Pyroclastic Rocks ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Vertical Variations ◽  
Bed Thickness

Archean pyroclastic rocks at Reneault and D'Alembert in the Noranda region are composed of crystals and lithic, vitric and pumiceous fragments. The pyroclastic rocks contain two types of beds, whose primary structure sequences and other characteristics show that the deposits accumulated from different types of density flows. The first bed-type (A) is characterized by greater bed-thickness, reverse grading and the coarsest fragments in the deposit. Closest to source, the primary structure sequence in Type A beds is indicative of deposition from debris flows, but in more distal sections it suggests deposition from turbulent suspensions. The second bed-type (B) is characterized by a smaller fragment size, thinner beds, normal grading and the presence of parallel and (or) oblique stratifications. The primary structure sequence in Type B beds is similar to that observed in turbidites, which suggests deposition from turbulent suspensions of low density.Lateral and vertical variations of grain size, bed thickness and structure sequences indicate that the vent was south of Reneault and that the volcanic activity increased with time. Pillowed flows both underlie and overlie the pyroclastic units which suggests accumulation under water, but there is evidence that some eruptions were subaerial.

DOMAIN BOUNDARIES IN FERROELECTRICS

2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 1230013 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. SIDORKIN
Keyword(s):  
Effective Mass ◽  
Domain Walls ◽  
Ferroelectric Materials ◽  
Elasticity Coefficient ◽  
Potential Relief ◽  
Free Carriers ◽  
Domain Boundaries ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Moving Domain ◽  
The Continuum

Present paper is a brief review of the information and existing approaches in the study of domain walls in ferroelectric materials. In the framework of the continuum approach the structure of 180° and 90° domain walls was considered. The results of calculation of width and energy of domain walls were compared with those obtained from ab initio calculations and experimental data. Factors conducive to the broadening of domain boundaries are discussed such as profile temperature fluctuation, capture to nearby defects and surface impact. The structure of charged domain walls was considered under the conditions of screening by free carriers. The structure and characteristics of the moving domain wall are discussed: the local effective mass, the top speed and the mobility. The lateral motion of domain walls in the lattice potential relief in the general case creeping mode is investigated. The factors that control the macroscopic movement of domain walls are studied: an effective quasi-elasticity coefficient and nonlocal effective mass associated with involvement in the movement of the elastic medium surrounding wall. Natural frequency of translational oscillations of domain boundaries and the influence of the size effect were estimated. The interaction of domain walls with different types of defects and their effect on the deformation profile and features of the motion of domain walls are considered.

CONSTRUCTIONAL PHRASEMES OF THE MODERN GREEK LANGUAGE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE SYNTAX-LEXICON CONTINUUM

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
E.S. Onufrieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Homogeneous Group ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Function Words ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Continuum

This paper explores the class of constructional phrasemes in Modern Greek and seeks to determine the position of different types of Modern Greek constructional phrasemes on the syntax-lexicon continuum. Constructional phrasemes constitute syntactically autonomous utterances with an idiomatic fixed component and a non-idiomatic variable one, and as partially productive schemas occupy on the syntax-lexicon continuum the place between phraseology and syntax. As is demonstrated in this paper, constructional phrasemes, which have been included in phraseological classifications relatively recently, do not constitute a homogeneous group of phraseological units. There is evidence to suggest that constructional phrasemes whose fixed component consists solely of function words and/or pronouns are closer to the grammatical pole of the continuum, while constructional phrasemes with content words in their fixed component are more towards the lexical pole of the continuum. Constructional phrasemes with semantically bleached content words in their fixed component occupy the intermediate district between the first and the second types of phrasemes. As is demonstrated in this study, the key factor for locating constructional phrasemes on the syntax-lexicon continuum is the nature and the imagery potential of the elements that form their fixed component.

scholarly journals Ethnoracial Diversity across the Rural-Urban Continuum

2017 ◽  
Vol 672 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barrett A. Lee ◽  
Gregory Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Rural And Remote ◽  
Popular Opinion ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Diversity Profiles ◽  
The Continuum

Scholarship and popular opinion regard cities as more racially and ethnically diverse than rural communities. However, recent trends hint at the possibility of less distinctive diversity profiles on either side of the metro-nonmetro divide. To explore this, we compare the magnitude and structure of ethnoracial diversity in more than 27,000 census-defined places arrayed across ten different types of county contexts that spanned the rural-urban continuum in 2010. Even as average residents’ exposure to diversity steadily declines as contexts become more rural and remote, place-based (unweighted) results show an uneven pattern of diversity across most of the continuum. Multivariate analysis supports the unevenness scenario: when place characteristics are taken into account, many of the associations between type of context and diversity weaken to the point of nonsignificance. Taken together, these findings suggest a blurring of rural-urban boundaries with respect to community ethnoracial composition.

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