scholarly journals A multilevel analysis of factors influencing child mortality in Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 4425-4432
Author(s):  
Anthony Abbam
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Maternal Health Services ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Mother’S Age ◽  
Core Indicator

Child mortality being a core indicator for child health and the health status of children has significant effect on health in adulthood and socioeconomic development of a nation. This paper uses the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) 2013–2014 to investigate the predictors of child (age 1-4 years] mortality in a developing country like Ghana. The multilevel logistic regression technique has been used to estimate the predictors of child mortality. The study found that both child and mother-level characteristics such as birth weight, birth order, mother’s age, educational attainment of the mother have substantial impact on child mortality in Ghana Besides, household wealth index has significant impact on child mortality. The findings also show that place of residence and southern-northern dichotomy has momentous effect on child mortality. The paper recommends that governments must pursue policies that seek to improve the economic conditions of households. In addition, steps should be taken by policy makers to reduce spatial disparities in the availability of maternal health services as the absence of this perhaps contributes to child mortality.

Spatial distribution and associated factors of iron supplementation use among pregnant women in Ethiopia; Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016 data: spatial and multilevel logistic regression analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chilot Desta Agegnehu ◽  
Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema ◽  
Achamyeleh Birhanu Teshale ◽  
Adugnaw Zeleke Alem ◽  
Yigizie Yeshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Maternal Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Maternal Health Services ◽  
Household Wealth

Abstract Background Although the World Health Organization recommends for all pregnant women taking iron tablet should be a routine activity, more than 50% of anemia in pregnant women was occurred due to lack of iron supplementation and remains global public health problem and varies with in country. Lack of iron tablet supplementation during pregnancy leads to maternal anemia, which intern increases the risk of maternal death, obstetric complications, preterm birth and low birth weight. Therefore, studying spatial distribution and determinants of iron supplementation use among pregnant women in Ethiopia is vital to design appropriate maternal health services and preventing the determinants earlier. Method: A stratified two-stage cluster sampling technique was used in the Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey in 2016 data. A total of a weighted sample of 7589 pregnant women were included for analysis. Bernoulli model was used to explore the purely spatial clusters of pregnant women using SaTScan version 9.6 and ArcGIS version10.3.A multi-level logistic regression model was used to identify determinant factors of iron supplementation use among pregnant women. Results Spatial distribution of iron supplementation use among pregnant women was non –random in the country with Moran’s index 0.3 (p < 0.001). The primary cluster was in Southwest Somali and Central part of the Oromia region (LLR = 66.69, P < 0.001). ANC visit (AOR = 3.66, 95%CI: 3.21, 417), community education [AOR = 1.31, 95%CI, 1.07, 1.59), media exposure (AOR = 1.33, 95%CI: 1.15, 1.53), distance to health facility (AOR = 1.32, 95%CI: 1.16, 1.50), region and household wealth index were significantly associated with iron supplementation use among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Conclusion Spatial distribution of Iron supplementation use among pregnant women varies across the country. ANC visit, region, household wealth index, media exposure, distance to the health facility, and community education were significant predictors of iron supplementation use among pregnant women. Therefore, it needs great interventions in the hot spot areas and maternal health services should be delivered in all areas of our country.

scholarly journals Analyzing Malnutrition Among Children of Urban Areas in Bangladesh: Penalized Logistic Regression Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Naito Kanon ◽  
Wasimul Bari
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Education Access ◽  
Toilet Facility ◽  
Mother’S Age ◽  
Penalized Logistic Regression ◽  
Gender Of Child ◽  
Binary Logistic Model

This paper focused on the analysis of malnutrition of the children of Bangladesh urban areas in the presence of multicollinearity among the covariates. The ridge regression has been adopted under binary logistic model for analyzing malnutrition data extracted from Bangladesh Urban Health Survey 2013 (UHS 2013) dataset. The study reveals that city corporation slum area, mother’s age at birth, gender of child, birth order number, age of child, wealth index, mother’s education, access to media, toilet facility at household, taking antenatal care service, and place of delivery of index child have significant impact on the nutritional status of urban children of Bangladesh. Some recommendations have been suggested for policy makers to improve the child health of urban areas in Bangladesh. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 68(1): 13-18, 2020 (January)

scholarly journals Socio-economic determinants of child mortality in Pakistan and the moderating role of household’s wealth index

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farhan Asif ◽  
Zahid Pervaiz ◽  
Jawad Rahim Afridi ◽  
Rida Safdar ◽  
Ghulam Abid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Women's Education ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Target Set ◽  
Moderating Role

Abstract Background Child mortality is an important social indicator that describes the health conditions of a country as well as determines the country’s overall socio-economic development. The Government of Pakistan has been struggling to reduce child mortality (67.2 per thousand live births in 2019). Pakistan could not achieve the target set for Millennium Development Goals to reduce child mortality and still working to meet the target set by the Sustainable Development Goals. This study has investigated the socio-economic determinants of child mortality in Pakistan by using household-level data. Socio-economic characteristics related to women (mothers) and households have been considered as possible determinants of child mortality. The moderating role of a household’s wealth index on the association between woman’s education and child mortality has also been investigated. Methods The comprehensive dataset of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017–18 has been used to explore the determinants of child mortality by using multivariable logistic regression. The interaction term of women’s education and household wealth index has been used to investigate the moderating role of the household’s wealth index. Results The results indicate that the likelihood of child mortality decreases with an increase in women’s education, their empowerment, their husband’s education, the wealth status of their households, access to clean drinking water, access to toilet facilities, and exposure to mass media. Whereas, an increase in unmet need for family planning increases the likelihood of child mortality. The study also identified the moderating role of a household’s wealth index on the association between woman’s education and child mortality. Conclusions Household wealth status moderates the association between women’s education and child mortality. The absolute slope of the curve showing the association of women’s education and child mortality is higher (more negative) for richer households than poorer households. It implies that a household’s wealth status strengthens the relationship between women’s education and child mortality. With the increase in the household’s wealth status, the effect of a mother’s education on child mortality becomes more pronounced.

scholarly journals Determinants of maternal healthcare service utilisation among Indonesian mothers: A population-based study

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1124
Author(s):  
Ridwan Setyo Aji ◽  
Ferry Efendi ◽  
Iqlima Dwi Kurnia ◽  
Santo Imanuel Tonapa ◽  
Chong-Mei Chan
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Status ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Maternal Healthcare ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Mother’S Age

Background: In Indonesia, maternal health care services are widely available, aiming to improve health and survival among mothers. However, these services remain underutilised, and its determining factor was unknown. This study sought to identify determinant factors of maternal healthcare services utilisation among Indonesian mothers. Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study leveraged the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey data. A total of 12,033 mothers aged from 15 to 49 years who had a live birth in the five years preceding the survey were included in the analysis. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify the determinant factors. Results: Approximately 93.44% of the mothers had adequate antenatal care, 83.73% had a delivery at the healthcare facility, and 71.46% received postnatal care. The mother’s age and household wealth index were the typical determinants of all maternal healthcare services. Determinants of antenatal care visits were husband’s occupational status, the number of children, and access to the healthcare facility. Next, factors that drive mothers’ delivery at the healthcare facility were the mother’s education level, husband’s educational level, and residential area. The use of postnatal care was determined by the mother’s occupational status, husband’s educational level, number of children, wealth index, access to the healthcare facility, and residential area. Conclusions: Although there were differences in the determinant factors of three key maternal healthcare services, the mother’s age and household wealth index were the typical determinants of all maternal healthcare services utilisation. Providing a tailored programme aligned with these determinant factors may ensure that mothers can access and adequately utilise maternal healthcare services.

scholarly journals Maternal Education Household’s Wealth and Child Mortality in Rural Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashagidigbi Waheed M ◽  
Adewumi Oluwatosin B ◽  
Olagunju Kehinde O ◽  
Ogunniyi Adebayo I
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
North West ◽  
Rural Nigeria

Poverty, maternal literacy and child mortality has been a policy issue in Nigeria, most especially in rural areas.Studies have established their individual effects on households. However, the need to establish the link between the three welfare indicators is of great economic and social importance. The study aimed at investigating the linkage and effect of maternal education and household wealth on incidence of child mortality in rural Nigeria. The study made use of data obtained from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS2013). Logit, probit and Principal Component Analysis models were the analytical techniques adopted. The findings revealed that mothers residing in the north-west recorded the highest percentage of no formal education (54%). Also, asset deprivation (poverty rate) is 63%, though higher in the northern divide than in the south. About 44 percent of the rural households recorded child mortality, with north-west households having the highest. The results revealed that maternal education improves households’ wealth; also, households with low level of maternal education and wealth index have the likelihood of recording higher child mortality rate in rural Nigeria. If the Sustainable Development Goals of ending extreme poverty, achieving good health, and ensuring gender equality in relation to female education are to be achieved, maternal human capital development and households’ welfare improvement should be the areas of focus in rural Nigeria.

scholarly journals Is There Any Association Between Undesired Children and Health Status of Under-five Children? Analysis of Nationally Representative Sample From Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Zakiul Alam ◽  
Md. Syful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Government

Abstract Introduction: Child health, especially childhood mortality, is one of the critical indicators of human development. No child mortality is desirable, but it is still high in Bangladesh. We aimed to assess the effect of the child's desired status of mothers on childhood morbidity and mortality of Bangladesh. Data and Method: We used the data from nationally representative cross-sectional Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2014 and restricted the analyses to children born in the past five years preceding the survey. We estimated the undesired status (excess in boy, girl, both, and parity) by subtracting an ideal number of children from the total live birth. We measured childhood mortality (neonatal, infant, and under-five mortality), morbidity (fever, diarrhea, cough, and ARI), and nutritional problems (stunting, wasting, and underweight). Finally, we utilized the chi-square test and multilevel logistic regression analyses. Findings: The prevalence of undesired children was 20.7%, 23.2%, 4.9%, and 30.3% for boys, girls, both boys and girls, and parity, respectively. Age, education, residence, division, and household wealth index were significantly associated with undesired children. The prevalence of under-five mortality was 3.1% among desired children, almost double (5.9%) among undesired children. The likelihood of under-five mortality was 85% (AOR) to 97% (COR) higher among undesired children than the desired one. Childhood malnutrition (stunting and underweight except wasting) was also higher and significantly associated with undesired children. We also found 17% (AOR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.96) lower postnatal checkup for undesired children. Despite lower under-five mortality among higher socioeconomic status, the relative contribution of undesired children to under-fiver mortality was larger. Conclusion: The share of childhood mortality and malnutrition was higher among undesired children. Every child should be wanted, and no unwanted pregnancies are desirable; thereby, the government should reemphasize the proper use of family planning methods to reduce child mortality and malnutrition.

ASSOCIATION OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS WITH DIARRHEA IN CHILDREN LESS THAN FIVE YEARS: A SECONDARY ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE INDICATOR CLUSTER SURVEY SINDH 2014

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Syed Mustansir Hussain Zaidi ◽  
Hira Fatima Waseem
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Cluster Survey ◽  
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Multiple Indicator ◽  
Mother Education ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Background: Diarrhea founds to be the major cause of morbidity and mortality in children less than five years. Various factors are associated with diarrhea but socio-demographic factors are the main key elements, which associated with diarrhea. Methods: This study was examined association of socio-demographic factors with diarrhea in children less than five years of age of Sindh, Pakistan, using data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) conducted from January 2014 to August 2014. Data were collected for 18,108 children in whom 16,449 children had complete data of demographic variables being included in the analysis. Bivariate analysis was done using Pearson's Chi square test and multivariate analysis being done using binary logistic regression. Results: We found increased risk of diarrhea among children lives in rural areas while household wealth index quintile was also associated with diarrhea. Children in the poor, middle and fourth wealth index quintiles being at increased risk of diarrhea compared to children in the richest wealth index quintile. The highest risk of diarrhea was found for the child having mother with no education as well as children aged 12-23 months. Conclusion: Age of child, mother education and wealth index found significant with diarrhea while Male children, child aged 12-23 months, child with no mother education, child from rural areas and child from poor households found with high risk of diarrhea.

scholarly journals Child Nutrition Among Circular Migrant Families Working in the Brick Kilns of Bihar, India (P10-052-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reshma Roshania ◽  
Rakesh Giri ◽  
Melissa Fox Young ◽  
G Sai Mala ◽  
Amy Webb Girard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brick Kilns ◽  
Migrant Families

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of child malnutrition and the determinants of nutrition status among circular migrant families working in the brick industry in Bihar, India, focusing on differences by origin. Methods We used a stratified, cluster sampling design consisting of a cross-sectional survey in 552 randomly selected brick kilns (clusters) throughout Bihar. Circular migration was defined as residence outside the home block for at least 60 days for employment plus at least one home return in the previous year. Per kiln, three circular migrant households with children 0–35 months of age were randomly selected. We collected kiln, household and child-level data including anthropometric measurements for each selected child (n = 1198). Descriptive, bivariate and logistic regression analyses were conducted in SAS. The primary outcomes were stunting (<-2 SD height-for-age z score) and wasting (<-2 SD weight-for-height z score). The primary exposure of interest was intrastate vs. interstate origin; covariates included household wealth index, parity of the mother, and child age and gender. Results Prevalence of stunting was lower among interstate migrants (47%) compared to intrastate migrants (55%, aOR: 0.66, 95%CI: 0.50–0.88). Wasting was higher among interstate migrants (43%) compared to intrastate migrants (34%, aOR:1.51, 95%CI: 1.17–1.94). Among children 6–23 months, 13% had a minimum acceptable diet; MAD was higher among interstate migrants (17%), compared to intrastate migrants (10%) (P = 0.014). Full immunization coverage among circular migrants was 39%, lower than the overall state (62%, NFHS IV). Open defecation was reported by over 90% of circular migrants. Conclusions Our results are likely to inform the ongoing policy discourse on circular migrants’ access to health and nutrition benefits. State of origin emerged as an important predictor of nutrition status, operating differently for acute and chronic malnutrition; we will further explore pathways of nutrition by origin in future analyses. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

scholarly journals Bivariate binary analysis on composite index of anthropometric failure of under-five children and household wealth-index

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Demeke Lakew Workie ◽  
Lijalem Melie Tesfaw
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Study Results

Abstract Background Malnutrition is the most common cause of mortality and morbidity of children in low and middle income countries including Ethiopia and household wealth index shares the highest contribution. Thus, in this study it is aimed to conduct bivariate binary logistic regression analysis by accounting the possible dependency of child composite index anthropometric failure and household wealth index. Methods In this study the data from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016 involved 9411 under five children was considered. Child Composite Index Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) measures the aggregate child undernourished derived from the conventional anthropometric indices (stunting, underweight and wasting). The correlation between CIAF and wealth index was checked and significant correlation found. To address the dependency between the two outcome variables bivariate binary logistic regression was used to analyze the determinants of child CAIF and household wealth index jointly. Results Study results show that region, place of residence, religion, education level of women and husband/partner, sex of child, source of drinking water, household size and number of under five children in the household, mothers body mass index, multiple birth and anemia level of child had significant association with child CIAF. Female children were 0.82 times less likely to be CIAF compared to male and multiple birth children were more likely to be CIAF compared to single birth. Children from Oromia, Somalie, Gambela, SNNPR, Harari and Addis Ababa region were 0.6, 0.56, 0.67, 0.52, 0.6 and 0.44 times less likely to be CIAF compared to Tigray. A household from rural area were 15.49 times more likely poor compared to a household. The estimated odds of children whose mothers attended primary, and secondary and higher education was 0.82, and 0.52 times respectively the estimated odds of children from mothers who had never attended formal education. Conclusion The prevalence of children with composite index anthropometric failure was high and closely tied with the household wealth index. Among the determinants, region, religion, family education level, and anemia level of child were statistically significant determinants of both CIAF and household wealth index. Thus, the authors recommend to concerned bodies and policymakers work on household wealth index to reduce the prevalence of child composite anthropometric failure.

Child Undernutrition in the States of India: An Analysis Based on Change in Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure from 2006 to 2016

2021 ◽  
pp. 097226612110103
Author(s):  
J. R. Jith ◽  
Rajshree Bedamatta
Keyword(s):  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Low Weight

Stunting, wasting and underweight—the three traditional indicators of undernourishment among children—provide mutually non-exclusive categories of anthropometric failures: low height for age, low weight for height and low weight for age. Although these indicators are essential for designing specific clinical and child nutrition policy interventions, they fall short of estimating the prevalence of overall anthropometric failure, which provides a sense of the scale of the nutrition problem. This article estimates the alternative, more comprehensive measure Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) for Indian states, based on data from the National Family Health surveys of 2006 and 2016, for children under five years (Ch–U5). The CIAF-based undernutrition estimates show significantly high anthropometric failure levels among Indian children compared to only stunting, wasting and underweight. Based on population projections for Ch–U5, we also show that a sizeable number of states may have seen an increase in child undernutrition between 2006 and 2016. We also correlated CIAF with household wealth index scores and found a positive relationship with children facing no anthropometric failure.

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