scholarly journals Gestational and congenital syphilis situation in Colombia, a challenge to the General system of Social Security in Health

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-311
Author(s):  
Adriana Raquel Cruz-Concha
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
General System ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Health Organization

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by Treponema Pallidum, and is considered a serious public health problem as it affects more than 12 million people worldwide. It is estimated that over two million pregnant women are infected with syphilis each year worldwide, and a significant number of cases (692,100 to 1,53 million), are untreated (1). When it occurs in pregnant women it is easily transmitted to the fetus, causing complications in up to 81% of cases, including stillbirth, early neonatal death , prematurity, low birth weight or congenital infection (2).In Colombia, gestational and congenital syphilis is notifiable, and the figures reported by the System of Public Health Surveillance (sivigila, for its acronym in Spanish), are among the highest in Latin America and the Caribbean. In 2011 Colombia reported 2.9 cases of congenital syphilis / 1000 live births (3), a value which is worth almost six times higher than the target set by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) in its Elimination of Congenital Syphilis Plan (2, 4). The Colombian Pacific coast provides the country with a significant number of cases each year, being the port of Buenaventura, in Valle del Cauca, one of the worst affected areas, reporting on 2010, 141 cases of congenital syphilis, nine of which ended in a fatal outcome (5).

scholarly journals Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network Laboratory Guidelines for Congenital Syphilis and Syphilis Screening in Pregnant Women in Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (supplement a) ◽  
pp. 23A-28A ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameeta E Singh ◽  
Paul N Levett ◽  
Kevin Fonseca ◽  
Gayatri C Jayaraman ◽  
Bonita E Lee
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Serologic Tests

Despite universal access to screening for syphilis in all pregnant women in Canada, cases of congenital syphilis have been reported in recent years in areas experiencing a resurgence of infectious syphilis in heterosexual partnerships. Antenatal screening in the first trimester continues to be important and should be repeated at 28 to 32 weeks and again at delivery in women at high risk of acquiring syphilis. The diagnosis of congenital syphilis is complex and is based on a combination of maternal history and clinical and laboratory criteria in both mother and infant. Serologic tests for syphilis remain important in the diagnosis of congenital syphilis and are complicated by the passive transfer of maternal antibodies which can affect the interpretation of reactive serologic tests in the infant. All infants born to mothers with reactive syphilis tests should have nontreponemal tests (NTT) and treponemal tests (TT) performed in parallel with the mother’s tests. A fourfold or higher titre in the NTT in the infant at delivery is strongly suggestive of congenital infection but the absence of a fourfold or greater NTT titre does not exclude congenital infection. IgM tests for syphilis are not currently available in Canada and are not recommended due to poor performance. Other evaluation in the newborn infant may include long bone radiographs and cerebrospinal fluid tests but all suspect cases should be managed in conjunction with sexually transmitted infection and/or pediatric experts.

scholarly journals Congenital Syphilis: A U.S. Perspective

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Alvaro E. Galvis ◽  
Antonio Arrieta
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Fetal Demise ◽  
The U.S

Congenital syphilis still represents a worldwide public health problem. If left untreated, it can lead to fetal demise and high neonatal morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, in the last decade, there has been a resurgence of cases in the U.S. This review discusses the ongoing problem of this preventable congenital infection, vertical transmission and clinical manifestations while providing a guidance for the evaluation and management of infants born to mothers with reactive serologic tests for syphilis.

scholarly journals Congenital Syphilis: A U.S. Perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Galvis ◽  
Antonio Arrieta
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Fetal Demise ◽  
The Us

Congenital syphilis still represents a worldwide public health problem. If left untreated, can lead to fetal demise and high neonatal morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, in the last decade there has been a resurgence of cases in the US. This review discusses the ongoing problem of this preventable congenital infection, vertical transmission and clinical manifestations while providing a guidance for the evaluation and management of infants born to mothers with reactive serologic tests for syphilis

scholarly journals 53Women with syphilis notification in pregnant women who lose their baby, belém/pa, 2017 and 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josué Costa ◽  
Rute Leila dos Reis Flores ◽  
Veronilce Borges da Silva ◽  
Eula Oliveira Santos das Neves ◽  
Carlos Gustavo Paes Barreto da Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Information System ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Death ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Adequate Treatment

Abstract Background Syphilis is a chronic systemic infectious disease that is subject to acute outbreaks and latency periods when left untreated. It is an infectious disease produced by a bacteria, Treponema pallidum, of predominantly sexual transmission. The inclusion of syphilis in pregnancy as a sexually transmitted infection with compulsory notification is justified by its high prevalence rate and high vertical transmission rate, which ranges from 30% to 100% without adequate treatment. Congenital syphilis is a result of the hematogenous spread of Treponema pallidum, an untreated or inadequately treated pregnant woman, through the placenta, which causes miscarriages or child and fetal deaths. Our objective was to draw an epidemiological profile of women, living in Belém / PA, notified by syphilis during pregnancy and who developed infant or fetal death in 2017 and 2018. Methods This is a descriptive epidemiological study. Two information systems were used, the Mortality Information System (MIS) and the Notification Record Information System (NRIS). At MIS, all child and fetal deaths of residents of Belém in 2017 and 2018 were selected. In NRIS, we selected all cases of pregnant women notified by syphilis in 2017 and 2018, also resident in the municipality. Subsequently, the two banks were compared to verify whether pregnant women notified for syphilis evolved with infant or fetal death. Data were analyzed according to age, race, education, gestational period, length of treatment of pregnant women, whether the partner was treated and the type of death of the children. Results We found 32 women with reports of syphilis in pregnant women, of whom 81% developed fetal death and 19% had infant death. 63% were between 20 and 29 years old, 88% were brown, 75% were in the third trimester of pregnancy when they were notified, 25% had incomplete elementary school and 25% had incomplete high school. 72% were treated with 7,200,000 IU of Penicillin G Benzathine. 59% of cases were not performed in the treatment of the partner. Conclusions Most of these women are young, poorly educated, and despite appropriate treatment, their partners have not been treated and may have been reinfected and passed on the infection to their children. Key messages Syphilis in pregnant women; Hild and fetal death

Epidemiological Characterization of the Infection by Treponema Pallidum in Pregnant Women in Beira City, Sofala, Mozambique

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nchowela Guido
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Epidemiological Characterization ◽  
Active Syphilis ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Introduction: Syphilis is one of several diseases that can be transmitted during pregnancy and childbirth, which can lead to complications during pregnancy and in the newborn. This is especially so when the pregnant woman is not diagnosed or treated properly and in a timely manner. Methodology: Data from 262 pregnant women prospectively included, aged 18-41years, attended at the Ponta Gêa Health Centre for antenatal clinics has been analyzed from January to September of 2016. In the prospective study, a rapid treponemal and a non-treponemal test were performed. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio demographic and clinical variables, which was developed from the literature review. Results: The prevalence of active syphilis was 11.8%; the majority of reactive pregnant women were aged 18-25years (55.4%), (61.3%) of pregnant women were treated with doses below those recommended; only a small number of the partners were treated successfully. The highest seroprevalence of syphilis was found in housewives (77%), in those who attended primary education (71.6%) in those who had a monthly income of 1000- 3000 MZN (70.3%), in those with two or more pregnancies (55.7%) and living with someone has husband and wife (63.5%). The syphilis/HIV co-infection rate was high. Conclusion: According to the results obtained in this study, urgent measures are needed to assess the problems encountered and to improve the screening approach, treatment and monitoring of syphilis during pregnancy in order to prevent the cases of congenital syphilis.

scholarly journals Sero-epidemiology and risk factors of syphilis in Makassar, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Maryam Kusumawaty ◽  
Khairuddin Djawad ◽  
Muh Nasrum Massi ◽  
Andi Muhammad Adam ◽  
Siswanto Wahab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Introduction. Syphilis is an infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum spirochete and is mainly transmitted by sexual contact. Syphilis has the potential to cause serious complications and is closely related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection thus making syphilis still a major public health problem. In Indonesia, surveys of high-risk populations in 2007 and 2011 reported an increase in the prevalence of syphilis, especially in men who have sexual relationships with other men (MSM). Moreover, studies have described risk factors for HIV transmission including MSM, heterosexual contacts, Intravenous (IV) drug use, and infected partners. Objectives. To assess the epidemiological aspects and risk factors for syphilis in Makassar, as well as the correlation with a coinfection of other sexually transmitted infections. Material and Methods. This study is a multi-centre cross-sectional descriptive study with consecutive sampling. We evaluated cases for eligibility by confirming the diagnosis based on the serological result using rapid plasma reagin assay (RPR), Treponema pallidum haemagglutination (TPHA), and HIV screening kit. The cases were analyzed based on epidemiological features, risk factors and clinical findings, co-infection with other sexually transmitted infection (ST), and stadium of the disease. Results. A total of 79 serologically confirmed syphilis cases were collected between January 2017 and December 2018 in Makassar, the capital city of South Sulawesi province in Indonesia. Of the 63 male subjects (79.7%), 38 (48.1%) were homosexual/MSM, and in 41 cases of HIV-infected subjects, 25 (60.9%) of them were also MSM. Conclusion. Our study showed there was a significant correlation between syphilis and an increased risk of HIV transmission in MSM groups. The higher number of cases of syphilis and HIV co-infection among MSM can increase transmission of both infections and should be considered a major risk factor for syphilis in Makassar.

scholarly journals Morocco succeeds to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem: World Health Organization

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
SaurabhRamBihariLal Shrivastava ◽  
PrateekSaurabh Shrivastava ◽  
Jegadeesh Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF ALCOHOL USE BY POPULATION AND RELATED PROBLEMS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
V. B. Zamkevich ◽  
M. D. Diachuk ◽  
T. S. Gruzieva
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Information System ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Consequences

Introduction. The development of the public health system provides for the solution of the basic operational functions of public health, including surveillance and assessment of the state of health and well-being of the population, taking into account risks to public health.Given the importance of alcohol as a risk factor for the development of diseases, the study of its prevalence in the population, consumption patterns and health effects is an important public health problem. The aim of the study. To identify current trends in alcohol consumption and the associated risk factor for health damage in Ukraine and countries of the WHO European Region.Materials and methods. Bibliographic, medical, statistical and information-analytical methods were used in the study. The key  scientific base were the European Health for All Database, the Global Information System on Alcohol and Health (GISAH) and the European Information System on Alcohol and Health (EISAH). Results. Significant differences were found in the prevalence of alcohol consumption by population in different regions of the world per capita per year, up to 16 times, with the highest rates in the WHO ER. Ukraine is characterized by high levels of alcohol consumption (8.6 liters) and negative tendencies for their growth during 1991-2016 by 45.8%. At the same time, in Ukraine the consumption of strong alcoholic drinks predominates, while in the countries of the European Union - wine and beer. The increase in alcohol consumption in Ukraine and the prevalence of strong drinks in the structure of consumed products (51.5%) is an unfavorable prognostic indicator and requires the adoption of preventive measures. The negative consequences of alcohol consumption are the prevalence of alcohol dependence (2.2%), alcohol-related disorders (6%), a significant proportion of deaths (20.5%) due to this risk factor in the overall structure of all deaths, etc. Significant is the contribution of alcohol to the formation of indicators of road traffic injuries, including those with a fatal outcome, crime rates, etc. Conclusions. Surveillance of the prevalence of alcohol use, patterns of consumption and assessment of alcohol-related public health problems is an important basis for determining directions, justification and taking countermeasures.

scholarly journals Covid-19 and Pregnancy: An Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (07) ◽  
pp. 420-426
Author(s):  
Pedro Castro ◽  
Ana Paula Matos ◽  
Heron Werner ◽  
Flávia Paiva Lopes ◽  
Gabriele Tonni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Present Review ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractSince the World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus infection (COVID-19) a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in January 2020, there have been many concerns about pregnant women and the possible effects of this emergency with catastrophic outcomes in many countries. Information on COVID-19 and pregnancy are scarce and spread throughout a few case series, with no more than 50 cases in total. The present review provides a brief analysis of COVID-19, pregnancy in the COVID-19 era, and the effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy.

Prevalence of some hepatitis B virus markers among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Specialist Hospital Sokoto Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-243
Author(s):  
O. Erhabor ◽  
S.Y. Mohammad ◽  
L. Bello ◽  
F.U. Onuigwe ◽  
Y. Abdulrahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
B Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Markers

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus infection is a global public health problem. The virus has infected more than one-third of the global population. It has been estimated that 360 million chronic carriers are living around the world with a high risk for developing cirrhosis, hepatic carcinoma and hepatic failure. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of some hepatitis B markers among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Sokoto Specialist Hospital, Nigeria. METHODS: The hepatitis testing was carried out using the Skytec-Rapid Diagnostic HBV-5 rapid kit (Skytec-Rapid Diagnostic, USA). The kit is based on lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay for the qualitative detection of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, and HBcAb in human serum or plasma. Panel format can conveniently test for five targets at once and utilizes all markers to help distinguish between acute and chronic infections. RESULTS: Out of 117 pregnant women tested, 15 were positive for HBsAg (12.8%), 6 positive for HBsAb (5.1%), 1 for HBeAg (0.9%), 14 tested positive for HBeAb (12.0%), and 14 tested for HBcAb (12.0%). The prevalence of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBcAb and HBcAb was compared based on ethnicity. HBsAb was significantly higher among the Hausa ethnic group (p= 0.001). The prevalence of HBsAb, HBeAg, HBcAb and HBcAb was not affected by ethnicity (p> 0.05). The prevalence of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBcAb and HBcAb was compared based on age. Infection by the hepatitis B virus markers was higher among young adult and middle age groups. The difference was however not statistically significant (p> 0.05). The prevalence of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBcAb and HBcAb was compared based on the educational status, previous history of blood transfusion, jaundice, employment status and previous history of still births among the pregnant subjects. There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus markers (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: The study observed a high prevalence of various hepatitis B viral markers among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Specialist Hospital Sokoto. There is need for routine screening of all pregnant women and infants born to hepatitis B positive mothers. Government and non-governmental organizations should intensify efforts to enlighten the general population on the public health importance of the disease and the importance of hepatitis screening. There is also need for the development of a treatment protocol for the management of pregnant women positive for hepatitis B to prevent mother to child transmission. There is an urgent need for the implementation of evidenced-based best practice of providing universal vaccination against hepatitis B for all hepatitis B negative women of child bearing age in particular and all Nigerians in general.

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