scholarly journals Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network Laboratory Guidelines for Congenital Syphilis and Syphilis Screening in Pregnant Women in Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (supplement a) ◽  
pp. 23A-28A ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameeta E Singh ◽  
Paul N Levett ◽  
Kevin Fonseca ◽  
Gayatri C Jayaraman ◽  
Bonita E Lee
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Serologic Tests

Despite universal access to screening for syphilis in all pregnant women in Canada, cases of congenital syphilis have been reported in recent years in areas experiencing a resurgence of infectious syphilis in heterosexual partnerships. Antenatal screening in the first trimester continues to be important and should be repeated at 28 to 32 weeks and again at delivery in women at high risk of acquiring syphilis. The diagnosis of congenital syphilis is complex and is based on a combination of maternal history and clinical and laboratory criteria in both mother and infant. Serologic tests for syphilis remain important in the diagnosis of congenital syphilis and are complicated by the passive transfer of maternal antibodies which can affect the interpretation of reactive serologic tests in the infant. All infants born to mothers with reactive syphilis tests should have nontreponemal tests (NTT) and treponemal tests (TT) performed in parallel with the mother’s tests. A fourfold or higher titre in the NTT in the infant at delivery is strongly suggestive of congenital infection but the absence of a fourfold or greater NTT titre does not exclude congenital infection. IgM tests for syphilis are not currently available in Canada and are not recommended due to poor performance. Other evaluation in the newborn infant may include long bone radiographs and cerebrospinal fluid tests but all suspect cases should be managed in conjunction with sexually transmitted infection and/or pediatric experts.

scholarly journals Gestational and congenital syphilis situation in Colombia, a challenge to the General system of Social Security in Health

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-311
Author(s):  
Adriana Raquel Cruz-Concha
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
General System ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Health Organization

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by Treponema Pallidum, and is considered a serious public health problem as it affects more than 12 million people worldwide. It is estimated that over two million pregnant women are infected with syphilis each year worldwide, and a significant number of cases (692,100 to 1,53 million), are untreated (1). When it occurs in pregnant women it is easily transmitted to the fetus, causing complications in up to 81% of cases, including stillbirth, early neonatal death , prematurity, low birth weight or congenital infection (2).In Colombia, gestational and congenital syphilis is notifiable, and the figures reported by the System of Public Health Surveillance (sivigila, for its acronym in Spanish), are among the highest in Latin America and the Caribbean. In 2011 Colombia reported 2.9 cases of congenital syphilis / 1000 live births (3), a value which is worth almost six times higher than the target set by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) in its Elimination of Congenital Syphilis Plan (2, 4). The Colombian Pacific coast provides the country with a significant number of cases each year, being the port of Buenaventura, in Valle del Cauca, one of the worst affected areas, reporting on 2010, 141 cases of congenital syphilis, nine of which ended in a fatal outcome (5).

Prevalence of Trichomonas Vaginalis and its Correlation with Socio-demographic Variables in Pregnant Women in Al-Diwaniya,Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiren Ali Al Hamzawi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Low Education

Estimates of Trichomonas vaginalis prevalence in pregnant women are variable with few studies in Iraq.T. vaginalis is a worldwide prevalent sexually transmitted infection,but fortunately,it is very treatable. Researchers believed that pregnancy is one of the effective factors for T. vaginalis infection in women.A cross-sectional study performed in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at Maternity and Children Teaching Hospital in Al-Diwaniya city on two hundred female pregnant patients between the ages of 16-45 years. These females had no intercourse for 2–3 days,not using drugs (antibiotics,antiprotozoal or steroids) for the last 15 days. Vaginal discharges of any type with or without itching,burning sensation or both were their main complaints. Vaginal swabs were taken from all participating patients for direct wet mount microscopy and culture for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis infection. The study showed that twelve out of two hundred examined pregnant women (6%) presented with T. vaginalis infection. The infection was more in those with mothers’ age (26-35) years,housewives,low education,higher parity,and of rural residents. Other maternal variables were not significantly associated with T. vaginalis infection. The study showed a prevalence of (6%) of T. vaginalis infection in pregnant female attendees. Infection was more in those with mothers ’age (26-35) years,housewives,low educational level,higher parity,and living in rural areas.

scholarly journals Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnant Women at Maternal and Child Hospital, West Java, Indonesia, 2018: High Prevalence in Asymptomatic Females

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Pati Aji Achdiat ◽  
Rasmia Rowawi ◽  
Irma Fakhrosa ◽  
Hendra Gunawan ◽  
Reti Hindritiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Genital Tract Infection ◽  
West Java ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Human Immuno Deficiency Virus ◽  
Lower Genital Tract Infection ◽  
Child Hospital

Abstract Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a lower genital tract infection of reproductive women which can occur in pregnant and non-pregnant women. BV in pregnant women can increase the risk of complications, including increased incidence of abortion, premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth, and babies with low birth weight. BV can also increase the risk of acquired sexually transmitted infection (STI) and their further transmission, including human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV). Each country has a different prevalence of BV. The previous report of BV prevalence in pregnant women was submitted in Jakarta, Indonesia in 1990. Until now, there is no update data of BV in pregnant women, especially in West Java, Indonesia. Thus, we conducted a descriptive observational study using a cross-sectional design and a consecutive sampling method in June 2018. This study included 60 pregnant women in the Maternal and Child Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia. Out of 60 participants, seven (11.67%) participants had BV according to Amsel criteria. Asymptomatic BV was diagnosed in all participants. This study shows the prevalence of BV in pregnant women in the Maternal and Child Hospital in Bandung during June 2018. The assessment of screening BV should be recommended as a routine workup. To avoid complications in pregnant women and infants it should not be waited for the symptoms to reveal.

Prevalence and predictors of HIV-syphilis co-infection among HIV-infected pregnant women in China, 2011-2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Wang ◽  
Xiao-Yan Wang ◽  
Xiaomeng Ma ◽  
Lori M Newman ◽  
Li-Xia Dou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Abstract Background The co-infection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and syphilis is risky for pregnant women and their expected children. In 2015, the Integrated Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (iPMTCT) programwas established to offer all pregnant women with free screening, counseling, and testing of HIV and syphilis during regular obstetric inspections. To summarize the phase progress of this program, we reported the trends of maternal HIV-syphilis co-infection in China. We tried to socioeconomic factors associated with HIV-syphilis co-infection to inform the stratified control strategy for future work. Methods We obtained the prevalence data of HIV and syphilis over 2011–2018 by reviewing the Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) monthly update reporting to the central surveillance system. With health status, background characteristics, and health outcomes reported, we collected the case reports from 2,578 HIV-positive pregnant women who accepted the screening at the local clinic. The trends of HIV and syphilis prevalence were examined using the Cochran-Armitage trend test. Logistic regression was applied to detect the features associated with syphilis infection among HIV-positive women and the potential risk factor to neonatal death. Results The prevalence of HIV decreased from 0.076–0.039% among registered pregnant women but increased slightly to 0.054% in 2018. The trend of syphilis prevalence in HIV-infected pregnant women fluctuated slightly around an average of 1.80% (p = .378). Multivariate logistic regression indicated finishing education of junior high school or below (aOR: 1.79, 95%CI: 1.31–2.43; p < .001), on regular Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) (aOR: 1.89, 95%CI: 1.47–2.45; p < .001) and exposed HIV from injective drug use (aOR: 5.49, 95%CI: 3.51–8.61; p < .001) are associated with high syphilis infection risk. Syphilis co-infection with HIV (aOR: 2.81, 95%CI: 1.32–5.96; p < .007) significantly increases the risk of newborns death. Conclusion Syphilis infection is still very prevalent in HIV-positive pregnant women five years after the implementation of iPMTCT program. Promoting the health education for maternal infection of STIs and increasing the availability of early intervention to link more marginalized women with care service should be the focuses of work in the next stage.

Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in an urban public hospital pregnancy termination clinic

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1164-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
JeeYoon Park ◽  
Lindsay Zimmerman ◽  
Kelly Stempinski ◽  
Rebecca Bridge ◽  
Alicia Roston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Termination ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
P Value ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Urban Hospital ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

This study is a follow-up observational study to assess the prevalence of chlamydia (CT) and gonorrhea (GC) among women who undergo a first-trimester surgical termination in a large public, urban hospital-based termination clinic, and to compare the rates to previously published data. We conducted a retrospective chart review on 4197 patients who underwent CT and GC testing before an elective, first-trimester surgical termination between 1 June 2014 and 31 May 2015. The prevalence rates were calculated and compared by chi square tests to previously published data from 1 January 2006 to 30 June 2006 from the same publicly-funded pregnancy termination clinic. Our study population comprised mostly of African Americans (86.8%), and more than half were aged less than 25 years. The overall prevalence of CT in our population was 9.6%, which was significantly different to the prevalence of 11.4% in 2006 ( p value = 0.03). The overall prevalence of GC in our population was 1.9%, which was not significantly different to the prevalence of 2.6% in 2006. To conclude, this study demonstrates the high prevalence rate of CT-positive and GC-positive patients in our publicly-funded pregnancy termination clinic. The prevalence of infection with CT and GC in our study is higher than in other family planning clinics. Regular screening of all patients who undergo induced termination in pregnancy termination clinics can provide a valuable opportunity for physicians to counsel patients about sexually transmitted infection prevention and treatment prior to the procedure or distribution of medications.

scholarly journals The Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infection and Its Influence on Condom Use among Pregnant Women in the Kintampo North Municipality of Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Ali Abdulai ◽  
Frank Baiden ◽  
Samuel Afari-Asiedu ◽  
Lawrence Gyabaa-Febir ◽  
Kwame Kesse Adjei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Sexually transmitted infection (STI) affects the reproductive health of both men and women worldwide. Condoms are important part of the available preventive strategies for STI control. The lack of proper risk-perception continues to impede women’s ability to negotiate condom use with their partners. This paper is the outcome of secondary analysis of data collected in a cross-sectional survey that explored the perception of risk of STI and its influence on condom use among 504 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at two health facilities in the Kintampo North Municipality. Consecutively, three Focus Group Discussions were conducted among 22 pregnant women which was analyzed using thematic analysis technique. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify possible predictors of condom use and risk of STI. Respondents mean age was 26.0±5.9 years. 47% of respondents self-identified themselves as high risk for contracting STI, 50% of whom were married. High risk status (OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1–4.4), ability to ask for condoms during sex (OR = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1–0.73), and partner’s approval of condom use (OR = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.01–0.05) were independent predictors of condom use. Condom use (OR 2.9 (1.5–5.7); p=0.001) and marital status (engaged, OR 2.6 (1.5–4.5); p=0.001) were independent predictors of risk of STI. Women who self-identified themselves as high risk for STI successfully negotiated condom use with their partners. This is however influenced by partner’s approval and ability to convince partner to use condoms. Self-assessment of STI risk by women and the cooperation of male partners remain critical.

scholarly journals Perinatal Outcomes in HIV Positive Pregnant Women with Concomitant Sexually Transmitted Infections

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Burnett ◽  
Tammy L. Loucks ◽  
Michael Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective. To evaluate whether HIV infected pregnant women with concomitant sexually transmitted infection (STIs) are at increased risk of adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes.Methods. We conducted a cohort study of HIV positive women who delivered at an inner-city hospital in Atlanta, Georgia, from 2003 to 2013. Demographics, presence of concomitant STIs, prenatal care information, and maternal and neonatal outcomes were collected. The outcomes examined were the association of the presence of concomitant STIs on the risk of preterm birth (PTB), postpartum hemorrhage, chorioamnionitis, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, small for gestational age, low Apgar scores, and neonatal intensive care admission. Multiple logistic regression was performed to adjust for potential confounders.Results. HIV positive pregnant women with concomitant STIs had an increased risk of spontaneous PTB (odds ratio (OR) 2.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–3.97). After adjusting for a history of preterm birth, maternal age, and low CD4+ count at prenatal care entry the association between concomitant STIs and spontaneous PTB persisted (adjusted OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.01–3.78).Conclusions. HIV infected pregnant women with concomitant STIs relative to HIV positive pregnant women without a concomitant STI are at increased risk of spontaneous PTB.

scholarly journals Symptomatic Early Congenital Syphilis: A Common but Forgotten Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Machiraju Vasudeva Murali ◽  
Cherukuri Nirmala ◽  
Jampana Venkateswara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Antenatal Visit ◽  
Perinatal Morbidity ◽  
Infected Mother ◽  
The World

Congenital syphilis is a severe, disabling infection often with grave consequences seen in infants. It occurs due to the transmission of the disease from an infected mother to the unborn infant through the placenta. This long forgotten disease continues to affect pregnant women resulting in perinatal morbidity and mortality. The continuing prevalence of this disease reveals the failure of control measures established for its prevention. We put forth a case of symptomatic congenital syphilis presenting with skeletal manifestations at birth, a rare finding in literature. The report stresses upon the importance of implementing the World Health Organization's recommendation that all pregnant women should be screened for syphilis in the first antenatal visit in the first trimester and again in the late pregnancy.

scholarly journals Re-emergence of syphilis in women of reproductive age and its association with the increase in congenital syphilis in Mexico during 2010–2019: an ecological study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santa García-Cisneros ◽  
Antonia Herrera-Ortiz ◽  
Maria Olamendi-Portugal ◽  
Miguel Angel Sánchez-Alemán
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract Background Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection that is re-emerging in different parts of the world. This infection can be transmitted during pregnancy, causing neonatal syphilis. The objective of this study was to examine trend in syphilis, congenital syphilis, and neonatal deaths among the Mexican population during 2010–2019. Methods An ecological study was carried out to collect information about the incidence of syphilis, the incidence of congenital syphilis, and the incidence of neonatal death from congenital syphilis. The variables were described considering age, sex, Mexican state, and year. Trends across time (calendar year) were analyzed using linear regression, increases were estimated with 95% confidence intervals, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The incidence of syphilis increased by an average of 0.336 cases/100,000 per year and was higher among women aged 15–19 years (0.693 cases). Cases of congenital syphilis increased from 62 cases in 2010 to 372 cases in 2019; furthermore, the increase in syphilis cases among women aged 20 to 24 years was associated with an increase in cases of congenital syphilis. In 2010, 50% of Mexican states did not report cases of congenital syphilis, but in 2018, only 10% did not report cases of congenital syphilis. Between 2010 and 2018, 83 neonatal deaths were reported, with the highest incidence in 2018 (0.88 deaths/100,000 newborns). Conclusion The incidence of congenital syphilis is increasing in Mexico. As a consequence of the reemergence of syphilis among the population of reproductive age, it is necessary to address and treat syphilis in various population groups.

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