The Effect of Plyometric Training on Lower Body Strength in Preadolescent Athletes

In athletics, strength plays a special role, given that its development is focused on improving the speed of movement. The main form of expressing strength in athletics is speed-strength (explosive strength, take-off), which is representative for sprinting, jumping and throwing. Specialised studies have revealed that one of the most effective training methods used to develop explosive strength, also called explosive power, is the training based on plyometric exercises, but studies regarding the use of this method for the prepubertal age segment in athletic training are scarce. The purpose of this research is to investigate the degree of improvement in explosive strength in preadolescent athletes with the help of weekly plyometric training as compared to the control group. The research was carried out at the School no. 190 between 20 February and 17 June 2017. In order to conduct the experimental research, 42 athlete subjects of both genders, aged 11 to 13 years, were investigated. The experimental group was made up of 20 athletes, members of the Municipal Sports Club in Bucharest. The control group included 22 athlete subjects of both genders, who were trained by other coaches. Both groups performed four training sessions per week for 17 weeks. Analysing the results of the experiment, we can conclude that plyometric workouts contribute to the development of lower body strength in preadolescent athletes.

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Effects on walking performance and lower body strength by short message service guided training after stroke or transient ischemic attack (The STROKEWALK Study): a randomized controlled trial

Clinical Rehabilitation ◽

10.1177/0269215520954346 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 026921552095434

Author(s):

Birgit Vahlberg ◽

Erik Lundström ◽

Staffan Eriksson ◽

Ulf Holmbäck ◽

Tommy Cederholm

Keyword(s):

Mobile Phone ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Text Messages ◽

Control Group ◽

Lower Body ◽

Walking Test ◽

Body Strength ◽

Lower Body Strength ◽

Ischemic Attack

Objective: To evaluate whetherdaily mobile-phone delivered messages with training instructions during three months increase physical activity and overall mobility in patients soon after stroke or transient ischemic attack. Design: Randomised controlled trial with intention-to-treat analyses. Setting: University hospital. Data collection from November 2016 until December2018. Subjects: Seventy-nine patients (mean (SD) age 63.9 (10.4) years, 29 were women) were allocated to either intervention ( n = 40) or control group ( n = 39). Participants had to be independent (modified Ranking Scale ⩽2) and able to perform the six-minute walking test at discharge from the hospital. Interventions: The intervention group received standard care and daily mobile phone instructional text messages to perform regular outdoor walking and functional leg exercises. The control group received standard care; that is, primary care follow-up. Main measures: Walking performance by six-minute walking test (m), lower body strength by five times chair-stand test (s), the short physical performance battery (0–12 points) and 10-metres walk test (m/s) were assessed at baseline and after three months. Results: The estimated median difference in the six-minute walking test was in favour of the intervention group by 30 metres (95% CI, 55 to 1; effect size 0.64; P = 0.037) and in the chair-stand test by 0.88 seconds (95% CI, 0.02 to 1.72; effect size 0.64; P = 0.034). There were no differences between groups on the short physical performance battery or in 10-metres walking time. Conclusions: Three months of daily mobile phone text messages with guided training instructions improved composite mobility measures; that is, walking performanceand lower body strength. Clinical Trial Registry: The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT02902367.

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Effects of exercise on cancer-related fatigue and muscular strength in patients with breast cancer.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.11507 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 11507-11507

Author(s):

Po-Ju Lin ◽

Kah Poh Loh ◽

Julia Ellen Inglis ◽

Richard Francis Dunne ◽

Ian Kleckner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Muscular Strength ◽

Daily Activities ◽

Control Group ◽

Lower Body ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Cancer Related Fatigue ◽

Body Strength ◽

The Mean ◽

Lower Body Strength

11507 Background: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a persistent daily lack of energy commonly experienced by breast cancer (BC) patients. Due to CRF, BC patients have difficulties carrying out daily activities, become less active and consequently reduce muscular strength. Exercise can improve muscular strength and increase energy level; therefore it may alleviate CRF. This phase II RCT assessed the effects of exercise on CRF and muscular strength in BC patients. Methods: Ninety BC patients (55.5±9.6 years, 79% white, 48% and 46% under radiation or hormone therapy) were randomized into two arms: a 6-week Exercise for Cancer Patients (EXCAP) program or standard care (Control). EXCAP is a home-based, personalized, progressive exercise program combining aerobic walking and resistance band training. The Brief Fatigue Inventory was used to assess CRF and CRF interference with daily activities and a 7-10 repetition maximum chest press and leg extension strength test was used to assess upper- and lower-body strength at pre- and post-intervention. T-tests and ANCOVA with pre-intervention as the covariate were used to analyze within- and between-group changes, respectively. Results: Participants in the EXCAP group decreased CRF (-0.9±0.3, p = 0.01) and CRF interference with daily activities (-1.1±0.3, p < 0.01) from pre- to post-intervention while participants in the Control group did not. The mean improvement (from pre- to post-intervention) in CRF and CRF interference of daily activities for the EXCAP group were significantly higher than the change in the Control group (both p < 0.01). Participants in the EXCAP group increased upper- (3.9±1.4, p < 0.01) and lower-body strength (6.4±1.3, p < 0.01) from pre- to post-intervention, while participants in the Control group did not. The mean increase (from pre- to post-intervention) in lower-body strength for the EXCAP group was significantly higher than the change in the Control group (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Exercise combining aerobic walking and resistance band training reduces CRF and CRF interference with daily activities and improves muscular strength in BC patients. Results from this study provide further evidence of the benefits of exercise for supportive cancer care. Clinical trial information: NCT00851812.

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Effects of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation on Physical Fitness in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20051482 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 1482

Author(s):

Alvaro Pano-Rodriguez ◽

Jose Vicente Beltran-Garrido ◽

Vicenç Hernandez-Gonzalez ◽

Joaquín Reverter-Masia

Keyword(s):

Physical Fitness ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Whole Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Lower Body ◽

Cardiovascular Endurance ◽

Body Strength ◽

Lower Body Strength ◽

The Impact

Whole-body electromyostiulation (WB-EMS) has experienced a boom in recent years, even though its effectiveness is controversial. A sedentary lifestyle is deeply rooted in the European population, mainly in the elderly. This experimental study analyzed the impact of WB-EMS on the physical fitness of postmenopausal women. Thirty-four healthy sedentary women between 55 and 69 years followed an experimental design pre–post-test. Both groups conducted a ten-week aerobic and strength training program. The experimental group overlaid the WB-EMS during exercise. At the end of the intervention, both groups improved upper and lower body strength, lower extremity flexibility, agility, and speed levels (pBonferroni < 0.05). Significant interactions were observed at upper and lower body strength, agility, speed, and cardiovascular endurance (p < 0.05). The WB-EMS group scored better agility than the control group at the end of the intervention (pBonferroni < 0.05) and was the only group that improved cardiovascular endurance. WB-EMS shows a favorable isolate effect on the development of dynamic leg strength, agility, and cardiovascular endurance but did not in dynamic arm strength, gait speed, balance, or flexibility of postmenopausal women.

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Effects of Resistance Training and Whole-Body Electromyostimulation on Muscular Strength in Female Collegiate Softball Players

Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities ◽

10.47836/pjssh.29.3.24 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Raja Nurul Jannat Raja Hussain ◽

Maisarah Shari

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Muscular Strength ◽

Upper Body ◽

Whole Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Lower Body ◽

Body Strength ◽

Before And After ◽

Lower Body Strength

Strength and conditioning coaches frequently use traditional resistance training (TRT) to build strength. However, in recent years, whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) was used in elite athletes to increase muscle strength. This study aimed to assess the effect of two different types of training on muscular strength. Sixty female collegiate players (Age = 23.52±1.89 years, Height = 156.20±1.71cm; Mass = 53.21±3.17kg) participated in this study and were randomly assigned to three training groups. All groups trained as usual for eight weeks, except for the first group, which received additional TRT. The second group received additional electrical stimulation training, and the third group did not receive any additional training following the regular softball bat swing training. Muscular strength (upper and lower body) was assessed by a 3RM bench press and a 3RM squat test before and after the eight-week programme. The primary findings indicate that after eight weeks of training, upper body and lower body strength increased significantly in both the TRT and WB-EMS groups (p = 0.000 and p = 0.000, respectively) in comparison to the control group. However, the t value indicated that the TRT group improved both upper body strength (20.18) and lower body strength (29.18) more than the WB-EMS group (upper body = 6.18; lower body = 6.47). The findings demonstrate the efficacy of both training modalities for increasing muscular strength and suggest that TRT be prioritised over whole-body electrical stimulation training for increasing muscular strength in collegiate softball players.

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Abstract 27: Group- Plus Home-based Tai Chi Program Improves Physical Function and Psychosocial Well-being Among Patients With Coronary Heart Disease

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.141.suppl_1.27 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Ting Liu ◽

Sek Ying Chair ◽

Aileen W Chan

Keyword(s):

Physical Function ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Tai Chi ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Well Being ◽

Control Group ◽

Lower Body ◽

Home Based ◽

Body Strength ◽

Lower Body Strength

Introduction: Substantial evidences demonstrate impaired physical health and decreased psychosocial well-being among patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Tai Chi is an effective exercise option in cardiac rehabilitation to manage CHDs. There has been an increasing focus on home-based cardiac rehabilitation to improve participation rate, while none of studies emphasized the effect of home-based Tai Chi program. Hypothesis: A group- plus home-based Tai Chi program improves physical function (aerobic endurance, lower-body strength, lower-body flexibility, and agility and dynamic balance), and psychosocial well-being (perceived stress, social support, exercise self-efficacy) among CHD patients. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 98 community-dwelling patients with CHD (mean age: 69.2±4.68 years; 69 women; 29 men) were randomized to Tai Chi (n=49) or control group (n=49). Participants in Tai Chi group first attended 6 weeks supervised group-based Tai Chi classes that were scheduled as follows: 2 times/week for week 1 and 2, 3 times/week for weeks 3 and 4, and then 4 times/week for week 5 and 6, with 60 minutes/class. After that, participants in Tai Chi group practiced home-based Tai Chi 4 times/week, 60 minutes for each time, for another 6 weeks. Outcomes, namely, aerobic endurance, lower-body strength, lower-body flexibility, and agility and dynamic balance were tested by 2-Minute Step Test (steps), Chair Stand Test (times), Chair Sit-and-Reach Test (cm), and 8-Foot Up-and-Go Test (seconds), respectively. Other outcomes included perceived stress, social support, and exercise self-efficacy. Data were collected at baseline, post group-based Tai Chi training at 6-week, post Tai Chi intervention at 12-week, and at 24-week follow-up assessment. Generalized estimating equations models were used to compare changes in outcomes over time between groups. Results: Compared to changes in control group, Tai Chi showed significant improvements in aerobic endurance (+12 steps), lower-body strength (+3 times), agility and dynamic balance (log-transformed score: -0.058s), perceived stress, emotional support, belonging support, tangible support, and exercise self-efficacy at 24-week. Significant improvement in lower-body flexibility (4 cm) was only achieved at 12-week, compared to changes in control group. No significant changes in self-esteem support over time between groups were observed. Intervention adherence: Tai Chi=79.6% (39 of 49) (attending ≥75% of total Tai Chi sessions). Attrition rate: Tai Chi=20.4% (10 of 49), control=24.5% (12 of 49). Conclusions: This Tai Chi program significantly improve physical function and psychosocial well-being among CHD patients, indicating that Tai Chi could be taught in group sessions and then continued independently as a home exercise routine for health promotion in CHD patients.

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Effects of an Information and Communication Technology-Based Fitness Program on Strength and Balance in Female Home Care Service Users

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18157955 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (15) ◽

pp. 7955

Author(s):

Sonja Jungreitmayr ◽

Susanne Ring-Dimitriou ◽

Birgit Trukeschitz ◽

Siegfried Eisenberg ◽

Cornelia Schneider

Keyword(s):

Home Care ◽

Old Age ◽

Information And Communication Technology ◽

Communication Technology ◽

Control Group ◽

Lower Body ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Body Strength ◽

Information And Communication ◽

Lower Body Strength

There is evidence that training for strength and balance prevents decline in physical function in old age when the training is personally instructed. It is an open question whether interventions that deliver training via up-to-date technologies can achieve long-term effects. This study examined the effects of an 8-month fitness training program delivered via information and communication technology (ICT) on lower-body strength and balance in female home care users (n = 72) aged 75 years on average. For statistical analysis, the test group was divided into two subgroups, one who used the program at least 8 times per month (n = 26) and another one who used the program less often (n = 17) compared with a control group that received no exercise program (n = 29). It was found that regular ICT-exercisers exhibited positive effects over time on lower-body strength and balance compared to a decrease in both indicators in irregular exercisers and the control group. The authors see potential in offering exercise programs to people of advanced age via ICT to counteract physical decline in old age.

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Effects of an Eccentric Training Protocol Using Gliding Discs on Balance and Lower Body Strength in Healthy Adults

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10245965 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (24) ◽

pp. 5965

Author(s):

Juan Lopez-Barreiro ◽

Pablo Hernandez-Lucas ◽

Jose Luis Garcia-Soidan ◽

Vicente Romo-Perez

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Body Composition ◽

Control Group ◽

Lower Body ◽

Eccentric Training ◽

Body Strength ◽

Lower Body Strength ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Training Protocol

Impaired balance and lower body weakness are the main causes of falls, which are considered to be the major cause of fractures and head injuries in the elderly and are recognised as a serious health problem. The aim of this study is to observe the effect of eccentric training, introducing new technologies (gliding discs), on body composition, lower body strength, balance and quality of life. A quasi-experimental study was carried out with 56 healthy participants who were divided into an experimental group (n = 31) who underwent the protocol consisting of 12 training sessions and a control group (n = 25) who did not undergo the training. Before and after the intervention, all participants underwent a measurement of body composition, the SJ jump, balance with accelerometry and quality of life with the Short Form 12 Health Survey. In the experimental group, statistically significant improvements were found in the variables balance and lower body strength. The application of this training protocol improves lower body strength and the ability to control balance in the adult population.

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The effect of 8 weeks deep-aquatic exercises on static balance and lower body strength among elderly men

International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology ◽

10.22631/ijaep.v6i1.115 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 86-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ehsan Seyed jafari ◽

Mansour Sahebozamani ◽

Ramin Beyranvand ◽

Ehsan Ebrahimipour ◽

Mahbobeh Razavi

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

The Elderly ◽

Aquatic Exercise ◽

Control Group ◽

Static Balance ◽

Lower Body ◽

Elderly Men ◽

Body Strength ◽

Lower Body Strength

Back ground: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of deep aquatic exercises on lower body strength and balance among elderly men. Methods: Thirty elderly men over 65 years old were randomly divided into two equal groups including experimental and control groups. Experimental group participated in a deep aquatic exercise program that consisted of 60-minute sessions three times a week for 8 weeks while control group had no plan of exercise. Muscle strength and balance was assessed before and after the program as pre and post-test by HHD (Hand-Held Dynamometer) and BBS (Biodex Balance System) respectively. Repeated measures two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on outcome variables.(p≥0.05). Results: deep aquatic exercises promoted significant increases in the elderly men's muscle strength and balance, as assessed using HHD (p< 0.001) and the BBS (p< 0.001). Conclusion: The present deep-aquatic exercise training for the elderly are able to improve the muscle strength and static balance.

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A Preliminary Investigation: Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Occupational Specific Training Program to Improve Lower Body Strength and Speed for Law Enforcement Officers

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18147685 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (14) ◽

pp. 7685

Author(s):

Ian Bonder ◽

Andrew Shim ◽

Robert G. Lockie ◽

Tara Ruppert

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Training Program ◽

Injury Risk ◽

Preliminary Investigation ◽

Lower Body ◽

Specific Training ◽

Body Strength ◽

Post Test ◽

Lower Body Strength ◽

Post Shift

Based on current law enforcement officer (LEO) duties, musculoskeletal injury risk is elevated due to the unpredictable nature of physically demanding tasks. The purpose of this 4-week study was to determine the effectiveness of a 15-min post-shift standardized occupational specific training program. The standardized program was designed to improve lower-body strength and speed to aid physically demanding task performance. Seven male LEOs completed the program after their 12-h shift. Subjects were required to use the department fitness center to perform the 15-min standardized program consisting of a dynamic warm-up, 4 sets of 3 repetitions on hex-bar deadlift and four 20-m sprints. Two minutes of rest was required between each set of 3 repetitions on hex-bar deadlift and 1 min of rest between each 20-m sprint. A dependent T-test was used between pre-test and post-test scores for hex-bar deadlift (HBD) and sprint. Data revealed significant improvements in relative lower-body strength with HBD (p ≤ 0.001). However, insignificant results were demonstrated with the 20-m sprint (p ≤ 0.262). In conclusion, a 15-min post-shift workout can improve lower-body strength as measured by the hex-bar deadlift. However, data indicated running speed may require a different training approach to improve the 20-m sprint.

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