scholarly journals Internal Direction versus Outer Direction in Romanian and German Advertising

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Lavrits ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Self Control ◽  
Common People ◽  
Individual Life ◽  
The Individual

People try to control and dominate their environment or are dominated by it. This is related to how they try to handle their existence. Personal, individual life is very important in cultures where self-control is common. People are convinced that they can control nature by imposing their will. In cultures characterized by outer control, nature is considered much stronger than the individual. People see themselves as part of nature and want to live in harmony with nature. People believe that they cannot determine their own destiny, as it is influenced by external circumstances.

Personal Values Required for Ethical Best Practice during Intrapartum Care

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacobeth Mmabyala Louisa Malesela
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Education ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Intrapartum Care ◽  
Performance Reviews ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Recruitment And Selection

Women bring into the birthing unit values which include preferences, concerns and expectations that are involved in decision-making during intrapartum care. When midwives fail to meet the women’s values, they experience such care as being inhumane and degrading, thus affecting the childbirth outcomes. The inhumane and degrading care includes a lack of sympathy and empathy, as well as a lack of attention to privacy and confidentiality. Midwives’ possession of the required personal values and the ability to integrate women’s values are vital to enhance ethical best practice during intrapartum care. The aim of the study was to explore and to describe the midwives’ personal values that are required for ethical best practice during intrapartum care. The birthing unit at a public hospital in the Gauteng province of South Africa formed the context of the study. A qualitative research design that was explorative, descriptive and contextual in nature was used. The following personal values emerged: (1) respect, trust and dignity; (2) justice, equality and fairness; (3) freedom of choice and autonomy; (4) integrity, honesty and consistency; (5) good character and personality; (6) self-control and rapport; and (7) open-mindedness and flexibility. The midwives’ personal values form a strong precursor that is crucial for ethical best practice during intrapartum care. The individual midwives, nursing education institutions and health facilities can use the study findings in areas such as reflective midwifery practice, the midwifery curriculum, recruitment and selection processes, and as part of key performance areas and indicators in performance reviews.

Inhibition tasks are not associated with self-regulation outcomes in healthy college students

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis David Von Gunten ◽  
Bruce D Bartholow ◽  
Jorge S. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Variable Level ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
The Individual

Executive functioning (EF) is defined as a set of top-down processes used in reasoning, forming goals, planning, concentrating, and inhibition. It is widely believed that these processes are critical to self-regulation and, therefore, that performance on behavioral task measures of EF should be associated with individual differences in everyday life outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to test this core assumption, focusing on the EF facet of inhibition. A sample of 463 undergraduates completed five laboratory inhibition tasks, along with three self-report measures of self-control and 28 self-report measures of life outcomes. Results showed that although most of the life outcome measures were associated with self-reported self-control, none of the life outcomes were associated with inhibition task performance at the latent-variable level, and few associations were found at the individual task level. These findings challenge the criterion validity of lab-based inhibition tasks. More generally, when considered alongside the known lack of convergent validity between inhibition tasks and self-report measures of self-control, the findings cast doubt on the task’s construct validity as measures of self-control processes. Potential methodological and theoretical reasons for the poor performance of laboratory-based inhibition tasks are discussed.

scholarly journals German Adaptation of the Subjective Vitality Scales (SVS-G)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-75
Author(s):  
Alex Bertrams ◽  
Thomas H. Dyllick ◽  
Chris Englert ◽  
Ann Krispenz
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
State Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Subjective Vitality ◽  
Positive Feeling ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Correlated Factors

AbstractSubjective vitality is a positive feeling of aliveness and energy, and it is a crucial aspect of well-being. The Subjective Vitality Scales (SVS) have been developed to measure subjective vitality both at the individual difference level and the state level in English-speaking samples. We translated the SVS into German (the SVS-G) and examined their psychometric properties. In Study 1 (N=260), we found that two correlated factors (Factor 1: individual difference level; Factor 2: state level) with five items each constituted a useful structure for the SVS-G. Moreover, the scores on the individual difference scale were more stable than the scores on the state scale. We also found partial evidence for the measurement invariance over a period of three weeks. Conforming to our expectations, Study 2 (N=296) revealed that the SVS-G scores were related to positive and negative affect but could still be distinguished from the affect variables. In line with previous findings, Study 3 (N=203) showed that SVS-G scores are related to well-being variables (happiness and joviality) and the perceived capacity to actively perform effortful tasks (attentiveness and capacity for self-control). Across all the studies, the SVS-G showed satisfying inner consistency, and the two consideration levels (individual differences vs. state) could be differentiated. The initial evidence suggests that overall, the SVS-G have good psychometric properties.

scholarly journals Differential Self-control Effects: Moral Filtering and the Subsidiary Relevance of Self-control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Hirtenlehner ◽  
Heinz Leitgöb
Keyword(s):  
Action Theory ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Situational Characteristics ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Low Self Control

AbstractCriminological research has identified low self-control as major cause of criminal activity. However, astonishingly little is known about the individual and situational characteristics that affect the functioning of self-control in relation to crime. Recent theorizing, especially in the context of Situational Action Theory, suggests that the interplay of personal and contextual morality creates a morally preselected choice set whose composition determines the relevance of self-control. Guided by the ideas of differential self-control effects and a moral filtering of action alternatives, the present inquiry investigates whether the role of self-control in crime causation depends on the power of moral factors to exclude crime from the set of the considered behavioral options. We argue that the significance of an individual’s capacity for self-control increases with a growing weakness of the moral filter, reaching its maximum when both personal and setting morality encourage criminal activity. Analyses of self-report data on adolescent vandalism delinquency provide support for differential self-control effects. The general picture is that self-control ability matters most when the strength of the moral filter hits a low, which is when both an individual’s own moral rules and the moral norms of the setting facilitate offending. Further evidence suggests that crime contemplation is highest when individual morality and setting morality jointly encourage vandalism. There is also indication that trait self-control has a greater effect on vandalism delinquency at higher levels of crime contemplation. All these results accord with the notion of a subsidiary relevance of control.

The dynamics of innovation: on the multiplicity of the new

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helga Nowotny
Keyword(s):  
Science Policy ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Individual Life ◽  
Relative Loss ◽  
The Individual

Innovation has become a leading slogan for world economies, politicians and science policy-makers alike. It is the driving force of Western consumer societies, which have come to expect the new to be replaced by the newest. However, in contrast to mere fads and fashions, the consequences of relentless innovation are real. They manifest themselves in changes in lifestyle, in the ways societies function and in profound changes in outlook and perception. This paper will ask how innovation became so central and which mechanisms sustain it in science and technology, art and individual life. One consequence to be further explored is the relative loss in importance of the individual creative act, with implications on how we view creativity, knowledge production and even the concept of the individual. Another question to be raised is that of the multiplicity of the new: despite the seeming diversity and multiplicity of option, is there also convergence or a process of synchronization at work?

scholarly journals STRESS RESISTANCE AND COPY STRATEGIES OF STUDENTS ’BEHAVIOR DURING THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-107
Author(s):  
Andrii Cherkashyn
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Effective Activity ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Individual

The article considers the main approaches to the problem of stress resistance of students in higher education institutions of Ukraine. It is determined that a number of scientists consider stress resistance as a property of the individual that determines its effective activity, and others as cognitively conditioned mechanisms for overcoming stress. It is noted that in psychological science there are other views on the stress resistance of the individual, but when studying the stress resistance of students in the educational process of higher education, it is advisable to use the above approaches. Studies suggest that most students have low levels of psychological stress, mental stress and medium, high levels of resilience. The main coping strategies of students’ behavior in stressful situations are “confrontational coping”, “avoidance”, “self-control” and “problem solving planning”.

scholarly journals The «I—Other» Relations in One Special Situation of Communication

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 290-306
Author(s):  
A.N. Krichevets ◽  
M.V. Solodushkina
Keyword(s):  
Group Leader ◽  
Self Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Situation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control

The individual ways of the stutter correction group participants are considered in the article. We see this situation as difficult and even antinomical for participant because it requires the his partial rejection of self-control and a trust in handing over his consciousness to the group leader. We assume that this aspect of communication is expressed only stronger in the situation considered here, but is presented in all kinds of communication. On the other hand, not only psychology, but also our culture lacks in adequate measures for understanding and control of such a processes in the communication. Our analysis of participant’s interviews shows that the participant’s way in the correctional process depends on ones attitudes towards the problem of handing control over one’s condition to the group leader.

scholarly journals An innovative cardiopulmonary resuscitation mannequin for common people

MEDISAINS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Runi Pramesti Putri ◽  
Endiyono Endiyono
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Basic Life Support ◽  
Life Support ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Common People ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Led Lights ◽  
And Training

Background: The success of basic life support is determined by the role of the individual(s) who first encountered a patient with a heart attack, and he will be a helper in the situation. Lack of socialization and training for laypeople makes them unable to implement a right first aid in cases of cardiac arrest. There is a need for innovations in cardiac, pulmonary resuscitation for ordinary people to facilitate them in practicing compression measures.Technique: CPR mannequin is made of a plywood material in the shape of the human body; it is 34 cm long, 34 cm wide, and 6.5 cm high. There are 2 LED lights to detect the accuracy of the compression depth.Conclusion: CPR mannequin can facilitate and improve the skills of laypeople in performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Child personality characteristics and selection into long-term unemployment in Finnish and Swedish longitudinal samples

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Kokko ◽  
Lars R. Bergman ◽  
Lea Pulkkinen
Keyword(s):  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Behavioural Inhibition ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Duration Of Unemployment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Low Self Control

The main aim of the present study was to test a model of selection into long-term unemployment obtained for a sample of 36-year-old Finns (Kokko, Pulkkinen, & Puustinen, 2000) to see whether it similarly explained long-term unemployment among 26- to 27-year-old Finns and Swedes. The participants were drawn from two ongoing longitudinal studies: the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development (conducted in Finland) and the Individual Development and Adaptation study (conducted in Sweden). At both ages, that is 36 and 26–27, low education was related to long-term unemployment, and explained by personality characteristics in middle childhood, such as low self-control of emotions or conduct problems, and behavioural inhibition or timidity. However, while low self-control of emotions additionally explained long-term unemployment among the 36-year-olds directly, in both the young samples personality characteristics showed only indirect effects through poor educational attainment. At age 26–27, childhood personality characteristics explained selection onto an educational track rather than selection into long-term unemployment, and length of education explained duration of unemployment.

Effectiveness and Efficacy of Therapeutic Interventions Performed by Nurses for Anxiety Disorders: A Systematic Review

2022 ◽  
pp. 107839032110681
Author(s):  
Roslaine Ifran Amaral ◽  
Fernanda Cirne Lima Weston ◽  
Vânia Naomi Hirakata ◽  
Adriana Aparecida Paz ◽  
Ana Cristina Wesner
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Quality Of Evidence ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
The Individual

BACKGROUND: Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive anxiety, fear, and behavioral disorders that can lead the individual to have losses in daily, social, and work activities, generating a negative impact on their quality of life. AIM: To evaluate the quality of evidence of the therapeutic interventions performed by nurses for anxiety disorders. METHOD: An analysis of the quality of evidence was performed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. The systematic review protocol was registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (Prospero), CRD420202939. RESULTS: The interventions performed by nurses were effective ( d = 0.44), with significant improvement in reducing anxiety levels, reducing drug use, and improving self-control. CONCLUSIONS: The study indicates that therapeutic interventions performed by nurses are beneficial for individuals who suffer from anxiety disorders, with significant improvement in reducing anxiety levels, reducing medication use, improving self-control, and remission of anxiety symptoms.

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