The dynamics of innovation: on the multiplicity of the new

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helga Nowotny
Keyword(s):  
Science Policy ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Individual Life ◽  
Relative Loss ◽  
The Individual

Innovation has become a leading slogan for world economies, politicians and science policy-makers alike. It is the driving force of Western consumer societies, which have come to expect the new to be replaced by the newest. However, in contrast to mere fads and fashions, the consequences of relentless innovation are real. They manifest themselves in changes in lifestyle, in the ways societies function and in profound changes in outlook and perception. This paper will ask how innovation became so central and which mechanisms sustain it in science and technology, art and individual life. One consequence to be further explored is the relative loss in importance of the individual creative act, with implications on how we view creativity, knowledge production and even the concept of the individual. Another question to be raised is that of the multiplicity of the new: despite the seeming diversity and multiplicity of option, is there also convergence or a process of synchronization at work?

scholarly journals The Effect of 'Mode 2'-Related Policy on the Research Process: The Case of Publicly Funded German Nanotechnology

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-50
Author(s):  
Andreas Wald
Keyword(s):  
Science Policy ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Nanotechnology Research ◽  
Mode 2 ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Of Analysis

Recent reforms in science policy seem to be in line with the archetype of ‘Mode 2’ of knowledge production. This study on publicly funded German nanotechnology research seeks answers to questions concerning the prevalence, the effects and the appropriateness of Mode 2-related policy. The level of analysis is the individual research group. The results reveal that nanotechnology research does not fit into the picture portrayed by Mode 2 literature. Nevertheless, effects of Mode 2-related policies can be observed. Funding schemes often require an immediate relevance for commercial application and collaboration with industry partners. As a consequence, research groups are forced to adjust their research lines and strategies to these needs. The researchers seriously criticize these developments and consider the policies underlying them as harmful for both fundamental and applied research. In the light of the results, the adaptation of Mode 2 elements into science policy and into funding schemes should be considered critically.

scholarly journals Science in Parliament

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-49
Author(s):  
Ellen Colebrook
Keyword(s):  
Science Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Select Committee ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Science Topic ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
Insight Into

Parliamentary Fellowships give PhD students the opportunity to spend 3 months working in Parliament, providing scientific information to policy-makers. Whereas most Fellows work with the Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology (POST), researching and writing a briefing on a science topic, I had the opportunity to work with the Innovation, Universities, Science and Skills (IUSS) Select Committee. The Committee is responsible for scrutinizing science policy across Government. My experience has given me an insight into how science policy is formed, and how scientists can inform the policy-making process.

scholarly journals One size does not fit all: Constructing complementary digital reskilling strategies using online labour market data

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 205395172110031
Author(s):  
Fabian Stephany
Keyword(s):  
Social Transformation ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
National Education ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Cognitive Work ◽  
National Education Systems ◽  
Skill Requirements ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Value Of Learning

Digital technologies are radically transforming our work environments and demand for skills, with certain jobs being automated away and others demanding mastery of new digital techniques. This global challenge of rapidly changing skill requirements due to task automation overwhelms workers. The digital skill gap widens further as technological and social transformation outpaces national education systems and precise skill requirements for mastering emerging technologies, such as Artificial Intelligence, remain opaque. Online labour platforms could help us to understand this grand challenge of reskilling en masse. Online labour platforms build a globally integrated market that mediates between millions of buyers and sellers of remotely deliverable cognitive work. This commentary argues that, over the last decade, online labour platforms have become the ‘laboratories’ of skill rebundling; the combination of skills from different occupational domains. Online labour platform data allows us to establish a new taxonomy on the individual complementarity of skills. For policy makers, education providers and recruiters, a continuous analysis of complementary reskilling trajectories enables automated, individual and far-sighted suggestions on the value of learning a new skill in a future of technological disruption.

scholarly journals Time, the deer, is in the wood: Chronotopic identities, trajectories of texts and community self-management

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Public Issues ◽  
Relevant Context ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThis paper opens with a problematisation of the notion of real-time in discourse analysis – dissected, as it is, as if time unfolded in a linear and regular procession at the speed of speech. To illustrate this point, the author combines Hasan’s concept of “relevant context” with Bakhtin’s notion of the chronotope to provide an analysis of Sorley MacLean’s poem Hallaig, with its deep-rootedness in space and its dissolution of time. The remainder of the paper is dedicated to following the poem’s metamorphoses and trajectory as it intertwines with Bartlett’s own life and family history, creating a layered simultaneity of meanings orienting to multiple semio-historic centres. In this way the author (pers. comm.) “sets out to illustrate in theory, text analysis and (self-)history the trajectories taken by texts as they cross through time and space; their interconnectedness with social systems at different scales; and the manner in which they are revoiced in order to enhance their legitimacy before the diverse audiences they encounter on their migratory paths.” In this process, Bartlett relates his own story to the socioeconomic concerns of the Hebridean island where his father was raised, and to dialogues between local communities and national and external policy-makers – so echoing Denzin’s call (2014. Interpretive Autoethnography (2nd Edition). Los Angeles: Sage: vii) to “develop a methodology that allows us examine how the private troubles of individuals are connected to public issues and to public responses to these troubles”. Bartlett presents his data through a range of legitimation strategies and voicing techniques, creating transgressive texts that question received notions of identity, authorship, legitimacy and authenticity in academia, the portals of power, and the routines of daily life. The current Abstract is one such example. As with the author’s closing caveat on the potential dangers of self-revelation, offered, no doubt, as a flimsy justification for the extensive focus in the paper on his own life as a chronotope, I leave it for the individual reader to decide if Bartlett’s approach is ultimately ludic or simply ludicrous.

Cancer care coordination: building a platform for the development of care coordinator roles and ongoing evaluation

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Freijser ◽  
Lucio Naccarella ◽  
Rosemary McKenzie ◽  
Meinir Krishnasamy
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Care ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Contextual Influences ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Care Coordinator ◽  
Program Logic ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Patient Advocates ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ongoing Evaluation

Continuity of care is integral to the quality and safety of care provided to people with cancer and their carers. Further evidence is required to examine the contribution Nurse Cancer Care Coordinator (NCCC) roles make in improving the continuity. The aim of the present study was to clarify the assumptions underpinning the NCCC roles and provide a basis for ongoing evaluation. The project comprised a literature review and a qualitative study to develop program logic. The participants who were purposively sampled included policy makers, practitioners, patient advocates, and researchers. Both the literature and participant reports found that NCCC roles are diverse and responsive to contextual influences to coordinate care at the individual (patient), organisational, and systems levels. The application of the program logic for the development of NCCC roles was explored. The conceptualisation of NCCC roles was also examined in relation to Boundary Spanning and Relational Coordination theory. Further research is required to examine how NCCCs contribute to improving equity, safety, quality and coordination of care. The project has implications for research, policy and practice, and makes explicit existing assumptions to provide a platform for further development and evaluation of these roles.

Predicting Psycho-educational Problems in Childhood

1978 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard S. Adelman
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Mass Identification ◽  
Ethical Perspectives

Presented are (1) a brief synthesis of several key conceptual and methodological concerns and some ethical perspectives related to identification of psycho-educational problems and (2) conclusions regarding the current state of the art. The conceptual discussion focuses on differentiating prediction from identification and screening from diagnosis; three models used in developing assessment procedures also are presented. Methodologically, the minimal requirements for satisfactory research are described and current problems are highlighted. Three ethical perspectives are discussed; cost-benefit for the individual, models-motives-goals underlying practices, and cost-benefit for the culture. The current state of the art is seen as not supporting the efficacy of the widespread use of currently available procedures for mass screening. Given this point and the methodological and ethical concerns discussed, it is suggested that policy makers reallocate limited resources away from mass identification and toward health maintenance and other approaches to prevention and early-age intervention.

scholarly journals Governance and Management of the Nexus: Structures and Institutional Capacities

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Snorek
Keyword(s):  
Science Policy ◽  
International Markets ◽  
New Governance ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Joint Management ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Science Policy Interface ◽  
The Right ◽  
Stakeholder Communication ◽  
Nexus Conference

AbstractSustaining the water-energy-food nexus for the future requires new governance approaches and joint management across sectors. The challenges to the implementation of the nexus are many, but not insurmountable. These include trade-offs between sectors, difficulties of communication across the science-policy interface, the emergence of new vulnerabilities resulting from implementation of policies, and the perception of high social and economic costs. In the context of the Sustainability in the W-E-F Nexus conference May 19-20, 2014, the session on ‘Governance and Management of the Nexus: Structures and Institutional Capacities’ discussed these problems as well as tools and solutions to nexus management. The session demonstrated three key findings: 1. Trade-offs in the Water-Energy-Food Nexus should be expanded to include the varied and shifting social and power relations; 2. Sharing knowledge between users and policy makers promotes collective learning and science-policy-stakeholder communication; and 3. Removing subsidies or seeking the ‘right price’ for domestic resources vis à vis international markets is not always useful; rather the first imperative is to gauge current and future costs at the national scale.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF FORMATION OF THE MOTIVATION SYSTEM AT ENTERPRISE

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-113
Author(s):  
Olha Volodymyrivna Popelo ◽  
◽  
Tetiana Volodymyrivna Zabashtanska ◽  
Kateryna Oleksandrivna Chorna ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Motivational Factors ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Staff Motivation ◽  
Motivation System ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Abstract. In modern conditions of aggravation of competition the question of creation of effective system of motivation of the personnel at the enterprise acquires extreme urgency. The level of employees’thirst for work depends on the chosen system of motivation. That is why company executives need to rationally combine tangible and intangible methods of staff motivation. Foreign experience proves that intangible and tangible methods of motivation play an equally important role in organizing the work of subordinates. That is why the study of the process of choosing a method of staff motivation in the enterprise is becoming increasingly important, which confirms the relevance of the chosen to research topic.The article investigates the theoretical foundations of the formation of an effective system of motivation in the enterprise.The main motives that underliemotivation are highlighted. Motivation theories are outlined and analyzed. The analysis of the main components of the motivation system: tangible and intangible. The factors contributing to the formation of an effective system of motivation in the enterprise are revealed. Possibilities of combination of tangible and intangible types of motivation at the enterprise are substantiated. It has been proven that motivation has a significant impact on the life of every person and is a driving force in any economic activity.Everyone is an individual, so the goal of company leaders is to choose motivational factors in accordance with the individual qualities of employees. To get the maximum effect from the work of subordinates, the manager must determine the motives of each employee

scholarly journals The fall of Human societies: Causes and Solutions (In the Light of Quranic Teachings)

Fahm-i-Islam ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-84
Author(s):  
Dr. Shabeer Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Nazeer
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

The development and accomplishment of Islamic societies is a matter of great importance. The significance and the need of this issue is not only a natural desire but it is the requirement of human societies. To proceed on the way of accomplishment and progress is a natural desire that Allah Almighty has inserted into human beings. The individual perfection of character and person is guaranty of an exemplary developed society that is the ultimate wish of Islam. In this regard, Allah Almighty has described the causes of the destruction of the nations of earlier prophets. Such narrations are shown up to the coming nations so that they could avoid such negligence. Quran has described these events as lessons to achieve the perfection in personal as well as in collective, social life.Today the development of science and technology is considered the perfection and the height of the progress of mankind. But the concept of human progress and perfection is different in the light of holy Quran. Islam considers these developments the part of human necessities in their worldly lives not the ultimate achievement that is required for a society that possesses human characteristics. According to Quran the respect of human values is the dire need of a peaceful and privileged society.

Deception Detection Tests: A Subdued Investigating Tool

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 419-422
Author(s):  
Senthil Kumaran M ◽  
Bedanta Sarma ◽  
Arun Kumar S
Keyword(s):  
Brain Mapping ◽  
Deception Detection ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Personal Liberty ◽  
The Past ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Extract Information

The increasing demand to dispose of the cases swiftly, police often resort to third-degree methods to extract information from the individual; and in the process violate the fundamental rights to life and personal liberty stated under article 21 of the constitution of India. With the development of science and technology quickly eliciting the information is possible by adopting methods of polygraph, brain mapping, and narco analysis. In the past various experts, committees and judgements in courts have recommended these technologies to be used. Though there is a demand, it also raises serious legal, ethical and medical issues. Through this article we attempted to analyze the issues from various angles, and should take steps in the future to implement them. Keywords: Deception Detection Test (DDT), polygraph, brain mapping, narco analysis.

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