Effect of Working Process Adjustable Parameters on the Formation of Nitrogen Oxides in a Hydrogen Diesel Engine

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
R.Z. Kavtaradze ◽  
D.O. Onishchenko ◽  
V.M. Krasnov ◽  
Cheng Rongrong ◽  
Zhang Citian
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Gaseous Hydrogen ◽  
Working Process ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Excess Air ◽  
Hydrogen Supply

The article considers formation of nitrogen oxides in a hydrogen diesel engine with direct injection of gaseous hydrogen depending on the adjustable parameters of the working process: excess air ratio, cyclic hydrogen supply, advance angle and duration of hydrogen injection. It was found that in a number of cases the effect of these parameters on the working process and the emission of nitrogen oxides leads to results that differ significantly from those in traditional diesel engines running on hydrocarbon fuel. It is shown that by varying the specified controlled parameters, it is possible to minimize the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases of a hydrogen diesel engine.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF FUEL ADDITIVES SO-2E ON DIESEL ENGINE EXHAUST EMISSION

Transport ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 202-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gvidonas Labeckas ◽  
Stasys Slavinskas
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Fuel Additives ◽  
Smoke Emission ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Direct Injection Diesel Engine

One of the methods that allows substantially to reduce exhaust smoke of diesel engines and avoid possible damage of the environment by harmful emissions is the usage of multipurpose fuel additives. The efficiency of new Estonian made fuel additives SO-2E, that have been introduced recently for the experts attention, was investigated in small heating boilers and low-powered ships. The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of fuel additives SO-2E on the performance of a high-speed direct injection diesel engine in order to evaluate some of quantitative composition changes of the exhaust gases especially environmentally harmful nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxides and smoke emissions. Bench tests have been performed on the four-stroke, four-cylinder, water-cooled direct injection diesel engine D-243 with splash volume Vl = 4,75 dm3 and compression ratio ɛ = 16:1. Test results show that the application of diesel fuel additives SO-2E in proportion 1:500 (0,2 % by volume) at engine rated power reduces nitrogen monoxides NO and common NOx emission by 11,54 and 9,64 % respectively, however the amount of NO2 in totally diminished background of nitrogen oxides increases by 7,39 %. On the other hand, when running the engine at moderate (bmpe = 0,35 MPa) load, the fuel additives reduce emissions of all nitrogen components - NO by 16,1 %, NO2 by 11,8 % and NOx by 15,7 %. The influence of fuel additives on the amount of carbon monoxides in the exhausts seems to be more complicated. At engine rated speed/power fuel additives increase CO emission by 12,5 %, but as soon as engine load increases and revolution frequency drops down to the maximal torque area n = 1600-1800 min-1, they reduce the amount of CO in the exhaust gases on the average 20–28 %. It is important to notice that the changes in the smoke emission remain in close association with CO emissions. At certain revolution frequencies and moderate load the fuel additives SO-2E lead to noticeable reduction of the exhaust smoke, however at engine rated power and speed the smoke emission is obtained approximately 5 – 10 % higher. In spite of dissimilar influence of the fuel additives SO-2E on the quantities of CO produced and exhaust smoke it would be worth to apply them in high-speed DI diesel engines in order to reduce nitrogen oxides NOx emission.

OPTIMIZATION OF GAS-DIESEL ENGINE REGULATION AS A METHOD OF IMPROVING ITS ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
VALERIY L. CHUMAKOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diesel Cycle

The paper shows some ways to improve the environmental characteristics of a diesel engine using gaseous hydrocarbon fuel and operating the engine in a gas-diesel cycle mode. Some possibilities to reduce toxic components of exhaust gases in a gas-diesel engine operating on liquefi ed propane-butane mixtures have been studied. Experiments carried out in a wide range of load from 10 to 100% and speed from 1400 to 2000 rpm showed that the gas-diesel engine provides a suffi ciently high level of diesel fuel replacement with gas hydrocarbon fuel. The authors indicate some eff ective ways to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases. The engine power should be adjusted by the simultaneous supply of fuel, gas and throttling the air charge in the intake manifold. This method enriches the fi rst combusting portions to reduce nitrogen oxides and maintains the depletion of the main charge within the fl ammability limits of the gas-air charge to reduce carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. The authors found that when the engine operates in a gas-diesel cycle mode, the power change provides a decrease in nitrogen oxide emissions of gas-diesel fuel only due to gas supply in almost the entire load range as compared to the pure diesel. At high loads (more than 80%) stable engine operation is ensured up to 90% of diesel fuel replaced by gas. Even at 10% of diesel fuel used the concentration of nitrogen oxides decreases by at least 15…20% as compared with a diesel engine in the entire load range. However, there is an increased emission of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the exhaust gases. Further experimental studies have shown that optimization of the gas diesel regulation can reduce the mass emission of nitrogen oxides contained in exhaust gases in 2…3 times and greatly reduce the emission of incomplete combustion products – carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons.

scholarly journals Locomotive Diesel Engine Excess Air Ratio Control Device

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 7716-7719
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Excess Air ◽  
Locomotive Diesel

The wide-band exhaust gases oxygen content sensor can be used for continuous monitoring of the air excess coefficient in the locomotive diesel engine cylinders. This type sensors are widely used in automotive diesel engines control systems. It means for indirect estimation of the engine cylinders mixture quality by the exhaust gases oxygen content

scholarly journals Performance of a diesel engine running on mixed biofuels with the addition of gasoline

2019 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 11004
Author(s):  
Vladimir Markov ◽  
Vyacheslav Kamaltdinov ◽  
Larisa Bykovskaya ◽  
Bowen Sa
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Exhaust Gases

The significance of the paper is confirmed by the need to replace petroleum motor fuels with fuels produced from alternative energy sources. Biofuels derived from various vegetable resources are considered as promising alternative fuels for diesel engines. These fuels offer significant advantages with respect to the renewability of their raw materials and good emission performances when burned in ICEs. The main problem of using vegetable oils as biofuels for diesel engines is their high viscosity. This problem can be resolved by using mixed biofuels with the addition of gasoline. The analysis of physico-chemical properties of petroleum diesel fuel (DF) and mixed biofuels containing petroleum DF, rapeseed oil (RO) and AI-80 automotive gasoline was conducted. Experimental studies of the D-245.12S diesel fuelled with these mixed fuels were carried out. The mixed fuels were prepared from 80% DF + 20% RO, from 75% DF + 20% RO + 5% AI-80, and from 70% DF + 20% RO + 10% AI-80. It was shown that the addition of gasoline to mixed biofuels could improve two main toxicity indicators of exhaust gases exhaust gases smoke and emissions of nitrogen oxides. The best emission performance was achieved for the mixture of 70% DF, 20% RO and 10% AI-80. When the diesel engine was switched from the mixture of 80% DF and 20% RO to the mixture of 70% DF, 20% RO and 10% AI-80, the exhaust gases smoke at maximum torque mode decreased from 17.5 to 14.5% on the Hartridge scale, i.e. by 17.1%. The specific emissions of nitrogen oxides decreased from 6.559 to 6.154 g/(kW·h), i.e. by 6.2%.

scholarly journals Investigation of the working process of a diesel engine when operating on anhydrous fuel, coarse and micro-heterogeneous water-fuel emulsion

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
С.П. Андрющенко ◽  
С.В. Титов ◽  
Г.С. Юр
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Working Process ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Marine Propulsion ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Cycle Temperature

Оксиды азота являются наиболее опасными химическими соединениями, находящимися в составе отработавших газов судовых дизелей. Уменьшение содержания оксидов азота является весьма сложной задачей, так как это связано с ограничениями максимальной температуры цикла, термического КПД и, следовательно, с ограничениями по топливной экономичности. Одним из эффективных способов уменьшения концентрации оксидов азота является применение водотопливных эмульсий. Недостатком применения эмульсии является увеличение удельного расхода топлива. Целью работы является исследование возможности одновременного снижения уровня вредных выбросов и расхода топлива при работе дизеля на ВТЭ. В статье приведены описание экспериментальной установки и результаты экспериментальных исследований дизеля Ч10,5/12 на безводном топливе, грубой и микрогетерогенной водотопливных эмульсий с содержанием воды 15% при работе по винтовой характеристике. С использование полученных в ходе испытаний дизеля индикаторных диаграмм выполнен сравнительный анализ рабочего процесса на различных топливах. Полученные результаты выполненных исследований подтвердили эффективность использования микрогетерогенной эмульсии, в сравнении с грубой эмульсией для снижения выбросов оксидов азота с отработавшими газами в судовых дизельных энергетических установках и уменьшения удельного расхода топлива. Nitrogen oxides are the most dangerous chemical compounds which come out with the exhaust gases of marine diesel engines. Reducing nitrogen oxides is challenging due to limitations on maximum cycle temperature, thermal efficiency, and hence fuel economy limitations. One of the effective ways to reduce the concentration of nitrogen oxides is the use of water-fuel emulsions. The disadvantage of using an emulsion is the significant fuel consumption increase. This article describes the experimental setup and the results of experimental studies of a Ч10.5/12 diesel engine on anhydrous fuel, coarse and micro-heterogeneous water-fuel emulsions with a water content of 15% when operating in service. Performance diagrams obtained during the diesel engine tests let the authors get a comparative analysis of the working process using various fuels. The results confirmed the effectiveness of using a micro-heterogeneous emulsion, in comparison with a coarse emulsion, to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides with exhaust gases in marine propulsion systems and to reduce fuel consumption.

scholarly journals Oxide Emissions Reduction from Combustion Control in a Diesel Engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
V. L. Chumakov ◽  
S. N. Devyanin
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Excess Air ◽  
Fuel Charge ◽  
Tractor Equipment ◽  
Gas Recirculation

The authors showed that the European Union norms for the toxicity of exhaust gases (Euro 1 – Euro 5) contributed to the reduction of main harmful components emissions by several times. In foreign countries, Stage and Tier regulations applied to tractor equipment, which also limited the content of toxic components at the legislative level.(Research purpose) To reduce the content of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases by more efficient regulation of the fuel charge distribution in the gas-diesel engine cylinder, changes in the concentration of diesel and gas fuel in certain zones, as well as the use of exhaust gas recirculation.(Materials and methods) The authors analyzed the results of modeling the formation of nitrogen oxides by controlling the workflow in the gas-diesel modification of the diesel engine. In the calculations, the geometric parameters of the D-120 engine, operating at 2000 revolutions per minute, with a filling of 0.6-0.9 volume, were used. The average excess air ratio for the charge was 1.2-3.0, and the excess air ratios for the gas-air mixtures did not exceed 1.2-2.5.(Results and discussion) Using the computational model, the authors estimated the parameters at different pressures at the engine inlet within 0.05-0.09 megapascals, as well as with an increase in the residual gas coefficient in the range of 5-15 percent with a decrease in the concentration of nitrogen oxides from 2500 to 1100 parts per million. Experiments showed that when the power changed from 100 to 20 percent, the nitrogen oxides concentration decreased from 1940 to 800 parts per million.(Conclusions) The authors confirmed the adequacy of the calculation model. They determined that a 40-50 percent reduction in the nitrogen oxide concentration in exhaust gases was achieved with various layering schemes in the combustion chamber. They found that the standards for carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides would require mixed engine regulation. It was proved that recirculation of 15 percent of exhaust gases could reduce nitrogen oxide emissions by another 50 percent. 

Effect of altitude conditions on combustion and performance of a turbocharged direct-injection diesel engine

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110262
Author(s):  
Zhentao Liu ◽  
Jinlong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Spray Formation ◽  
Direct Injection Diesel Engine ◽  
And Performance

Market globalization necessitates the development of heavy duty diesel engines that can operate at altitudes up to 5000 m without significant performance deterioration. But the current scenario is that existing studies on high altitude effects are still not sufficient or detailed enough to take effective measures. This study applied a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine with simulated boosting pressure to investigate the performance degradation at high altitude, with the aim of adding more knowledge to the literature. Such a research engine was conducted at constant speed and injection strategy but different ambient conditions from sea level to 5000 m in altitude. The results indicated the effects of altitude on engine combustion and performance can be summarized as two aspects. First comes the extended ignition delay at high altitude, which would raise the rate of pressure rise to a point that can exceed the maximum allowable limit and therefore shorten the engine lifespan. The other disadvantage of high-altitude operation is the reduced excess air ratio and gas density inside cylinder. Worsened spray formation and mixture preparation, together with insufficient and late oxidation, would result in reduced engine efficiency, increased emissions, and power loss. The combustion and performance deteriorations were noticeable when the engine was operated above 4000 m in altitude. All these findings support the need for further fundamental investigations of in-cylinder activities of diesel engines working at plateau regions.

scholarly journals Experimental study of multiple pilot injection strategy in an automotive direct injection diesel engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
Plamen Punov ◽  
Tsvetomir Gechev ◽  
Svetoslav Mihalkov ◽  
Pierre Podevin ◽  
Dalibor Barta
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Pilot Injection ◽  
Injection Strategy ◽  
Direct Injection Diesel Engine ◽  
Rate Of Heat Release

The pilot injection strategy is a widely used approach for reducing the noise of the combustion process in direct injection diesel engines. In the last generation of automotive diesel engines up to several pilot injections could occur to better control the rate of heat release (ROHR) in the cylinder as well as the pollutant formation. However, determination of the timing and duration for each pilot injection needs to be precisely optimised. In this paper an experimental study of the pilot injection strategy was conducted on a direct injection diesel engine. Single and double pilot injection strategy was studied. The engine rated power is 100 kW at 4000 rpm while the rated torque is 320 Nm at 2000 rpm. An engine operating point determined by the rotation speed of 1400 rpm and torque of 100 Nm was chosen. The pilot and pre-injection timing was widely varied in order to study the influence on the combustion process as well as on the fuel consumption.

Ion Current, Combustion and Emission Characteristics in an Automotive Common Rail Diesel Engine

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeim A. Henein ◽  
Tamer Badawy ◽  
Nilesh Rai ◽  
Walter Bryzik
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Ion Current ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Feedback Signal ◽  
Common Rail Injection System ◽  
Common Rail Injection ◽  
No Emissions

Advanced electronically controlled diesel engines require a feedback signal to the ECU to adjust different operating parameters and meet demands for power, better fuel economy and low emissions. Different types of in-cylinder combustion sensors are being considered to produce this signal. This paper presents results of an experimental investigation on the characteristics of the ion current in an automotive diesel engine equipped with a common rail injection system. The engine is a 1.9 L, 4-cylinder, direct injection diesel engine. Experiments covered different engine loads and injection pressures. The relationships between the ion current, combustion parameters and engine out NO emissions and opacity are presented. The analysis of the experimental data identified possible sources of the ion current produced in diesel engines.

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