Genotypic and ecological variability of zinc content in the grain of spring bread wheat varieties in the international nursery KASIB

Spring bread wheat is the staple crop in Western Siberia and Kazakhstan, a significant portion of which goes for export. Wheat breeding with a high level of zinc in wheat grain is the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly way to address zinc deficiency in the diet. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the contribution of the factors ‘location’ and ‘genotype’ in the variability of zinc content in wheat grain, and to identify the best varieties as sources of this trait for breeding. The research on screening zinc content in the wheat grain of 49 spring bread wheat varieties from the KazakhstanSiberia Spring Wheat Trial (KASIB) nursery was carried out at 4 sites in Russia (Chelyabinsk, Omsk, Tyumen, Novosibirsk) and 2 sites in Kazakhstan (Karabalyk and Shortandy) in 2017–2018. The content of zinc in wheat grain was evaluated at the Ionomic Facility of University of Nottingham in the framework of the EU project European Plant Phenotyping Network-2020. The analysis of variance showed that the main contribution into the general phenotypic variation of the studied trait, 38.7 %, was made by the factor ‘location’ due to different contents of zinc and moisture in the soil of trial sites; the effect of the factor ‘year’ was 13.5 %, and the effect of the factor ‘genotype’ was 8.0 %. The most favorable environmental conditions for accumulation of zinc in wheat grain were observed in the Omsk region. In Omsk, the average zinc content in all studied varieties was 50.4 mg/kg, with 63.7 mg/kg in the best variety ‘OmGAU 100’. These values are higher than the target values of the international program Harvest Plus. ‘Novosibirskaya 16’ (49.4 mg/kg), ‘Silach’ (48.4 mg/kg), ‘Line 4-10-16’ (47.2 mg/kg), ‘Element 22’ (46.3 mg/kg) and ‘Lutescens 248/01’ (46.0 mg/kg) were identified as being the best varieties. Significant possibilities for the production of wheat grain with high zinc content, which is in demand for the production of bread and pastry products with functional properties, were identified in the Western Siberian region.

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ALLELIC DIVERSITY OF GENES CONTROLLING RESPONSES TO VERNALIZATION AND PHOTOPERIOD AMONG SPRING BREAD WHEAT VARIETIES OF DIVERSE GEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN

PROCEEDINGS ON APPLIED BOTANY GENETICS AND BREEDING ◽

10.30901/2227-8834-2019-4-177-185 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 180 (4) ◽

pp. 177-185

Author(s):

Zh. T. Kalybekova

Keyword(s):

Bread Wheat ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Geographic Origin ◽

Allelic Diversity ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Photoperiod Response ◽

Spring Bread Wheat ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Vrn Genes

Spring bread wheat is the most important cereal crop, cultivated under various climatic conditions and on different latitudes. Modern molecular genetic studies of wheat are aimed at investigating the crop’s genetic potential. By now, molecular markers have been developed to identify alleles of the Vrn (vernalization response) and Ppd (photoperiod response) genes. Vrn genes are responsible for crop development rate regulation and crop yield structure. Ppd genes determine the response of plants to the length of the day, that is, the timing of flowering and the beginning of heading in plants under different cultivation conditions. The use of diagnostic DNA markers made it possible to analyze the presence of allelic combinations of the Vrn and Ppd genes in local and commercial wheat varieties from Europe, Asia, North and South Americas, Africa and Australia. This review summarizes the results of studies on the distribution of alleles of Vrn and Ppd genes in wheat breeding material over different geographical areas of its cultivation. For example, the dominant Vrn-A1a allele was found in 62% of European varieties; 52% of the studied Turkish wheat varieties carried dominant Vrn-B1 alleles. A dominant Vrn-D1 was found in 61% of Pakistani wheat accessions. Vrn-D1 is present in 41.9% of the studied varieties of Chinese wheat. Higher incidence of Ppd-D1A is typical for West European varieties. A Ppd-D1a allele was found in 58.6% of varieties preserved in the Turkish wheat collection, with a 60% frequency of this allele in commercial cultivars. Among local Afghan varieties, 97% are sensitive to photoperiod (carriers of Ppd-D1b); they are distributed throughout the country without much dependence on agroecological zones. All Pakistani varieties are insensitive to photoperiod (carriers of Ppd-D1a). In China, the highest incidence of the Ppd-D1a allele was observed in zone VII (87.5% of varieties).

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Anatomo-morphological stem features of spring bread wheat varieties

10.18699/plantgen2019-008 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Bread Wheat ◽

Spring Bread Wheat ◽

Wheat Varieties

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Economic and biological characteristics of the spring bread wheat varieties developed in the Voronezh FASC named after V. V. Dokuchaev

Grain Economy of Russia ◽

10.31367/2079-8725-2021-73-1-31-38 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 31-38

Author(s):

E. I. Malokostova

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Spring Bread Wheat ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Potential Productivity ◽

High Productivity ◽

Study Results ◽

Productivity Potential

The current paper has discussed information on the characteristics and properties of the zoned spring bread wheat varieties developed in the Federal Agricultural Scientific Centre named after V.V. Dokuchaev. The purpose of the study was to develop new spring bread wheat varieties with high productivity and grain quality, resistant to unfavorable biotic and abiotic environmental factors and adapted to the conditions of the Central Blackearth Region. In the FASC named after V.V. Dokuchaev there were developed such highly productive spring bread wheat varieties as ‘Krestyanka’, ‘Kurskaya 2038’, ‘Voronezhskaya 12’, ‘Chernozemnouralskaya 2’ and ‘Voronezhskaya 18’, which are currently approved for use in production. There were analyzed the study results of productivity, grain quality and resistance to unfavorable environmental factors in different growing periods of the varieties. There was found an unambiguous productivity excess of the developed varieties over the standard ones. The endurance of the presented varieties in unfavorable conditions indicates an increase in the stability of the main traits that characterize productivity, resistance to drought, diseases, and lodging. There has been established, that in terms of grain quality the varieties ‘Krestyanka’ and ‘Chernozemnouralskaya 2’ belong to strong wheat with potential productivity of 7.20 and 6.65 t/ha, respectively. The varieties ‘Kurskaya 2038’, ‘Voronezhskaya 12’ and ‘Voronezhskaya 18’ are valuable wheat varieties with realized productivity potential of 5.31, 5.70 and 6.96 t/ha, respectively. There has been identified that the varieties ‘Chernozemnouralskaya 2’ and ‘Voronezhskaya 18’ are recommended to sow with a seeding rate of 6.0 million germinating grains per hectare for the rapid seed reproduction and obtaining high gross grain yield, since productivity, yield of conditioned seeds, germination and 1000-grain weight at this rate was the best. The sowing dates of these varieties were early.

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Do Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum spelta L. Hybrids Constitute a Promising Source Material for Quality Breeding ofNew Wheat Varieties?

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10010043 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 43 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elżbieta Suchowilska ◽

Marian Wiwart ◽

Rudolf Krska ◽

Wolfgang Kandler

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Source Material ◽

Crude Protein Content ◽

Wheat Grain ◽

Triticum Spelta ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Promising Source

The aim of this two-year study was to determine whether the contents of macronutrients and macro and microelements in wheat grain can be increased by crossbreeding Triticum aestivum and T. spelta. The experimental material comprised the grains of F6 and F7 hybrids and their parental forms. The element content of grain was determined by ICP-SFMS. Hybrid grains had significantly higher ash contents than bread wheat grain (1.90% and 1.93% versus 1.62%). Crude protein content was lowest in bread wheat grain (11.75%) and highest in spelt grain (14.67%). Hybrid grains had significantly higher protein contents (12.97% and13.19%) than bread wheat grain. In both years of the study, the concentrations of P, S, Mg and Ca were highest in spelt grain, whereas their content in hybrids was lower than in spelt grain, but higher than in bread wheat grain. The concentrations of desirable microelements were highest in spelt grain, and the micronutrient profile of hybrid grains was more similar to bread wheat than spelt. Therefore, the hybrids can constitute promising source material for quality breeding in wheat.

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Functional gene assessment of bread wheat: breeding implications in Ningxia Province

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-021-02870-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Weijun Zhang ◽

Junjie Zhao ◽

Jinshang He ◽

Ling Kang ◽

Xiaoliang Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Resources ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Large Population ◽

Flow Analysis ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Genetic Components ◽

Yield Quality ◽

Genetic Distribution

Abstract Background The overall genetic distribution and divergence of cloned genes among bread wheat varieties that have occurred during the breeding process over the past few decades in Ningxia Province, China, are poorly understood. Here, we report the genetic diversities of 44 important genes related to grain yield, quality, adaptation and resistance in 121 Ningxia and 86 introduced wheat cultivars and advanced lines. Results The population structure indicated characteristics of genetic components of Ningxia wheat, including landraces of particular genetic resources, introduced varieties with rich genetic diversities and modern cultivars in different periods. Analysis of allele frequencies showed that the dwarfing alleles Rht-B1b at Rht-B1 and Rht-D1b at Rht-D1, 1BL/1RS translocation, Hap-1 at GW2-6B and Hap-H at Sus2-2B are very frequently present in modern Ningxia cultivars and in introduced varieties from other regions but absent in landraces. This indicates that the introduced wheat germplasm with numerous beneficial genes is vital for broadening the genetic diversity of Ningxia wheat varieties. Large population differentiation between modern cultivars and landraces has occurred in adaptation genes. Founder parents carry excellent allele combinations of important genes, with a higher number of favorable alleles than modern cultivars. Gene flow analysis showed that six founder parents have greatly contributed to breeding improvement in Ningxia Province, particularly Zhou 8425B, for yield-related genes. Conclusions Varieties introduced from other regions with rich genetic diversity and landraces with well-adapted genetic resources have been applied to improve modern cultivars. Founder parents, particularly Zhou 8425B, for yield-related genes have contributed greatly to wheat breeding improvement in Ningxia Province. These findings will greatly benefit bread wheat breeding in Ningxia Province as well as other areas with similar ecological environments.

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Estimation of grain productivity and biochemical indicators of the winter bread wheat varieties depending on the forecrop

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202127301027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 273 ◽

pp. 01027

Author(s):

Оlesya Nekrasova ◽

Nina Kravchenko ◽

Dmitry Marchenko ◽

Evgeny Nekrasov

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Biochemical Indicators ◽

Winter Bread Wheat ◽

Grain Productivity ◽

Study Results

The purpose of the study was to estimate the effect of sunflower and pea on the amount of productivity, protein and gluten percentage in grain. The objects of the study were 13 winter bread wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) developed by the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The study was carried out in 2018-2020 on the fields of the department of winter wheat breeding and seed production. The forecrops were peas and sunflower. The study results showed that the varieties ‘Volny Don’ (6.1 t / ha), ‘Krasa Dona’ (6.1 t / ha) and ‘Lidiya’ (6.0 t / ha), when sown after peas, gave the largest yields. The varieties ‘Volny Don’ (4.9 t / ha) and ‘Polina’ (4.8 t / ha) which were sown after sunflower, showed the best productivity. The analysis of qualitative indicators established that the maximum percentage of protein and gluten in grain was identified in the varieties ‘Podarok Krymu’ (16.3%; 28.3%) and ‘Volnitsa’ (16.1%; 28.5%), which were sown after peas; and the same varieties showed good results (‘Podarok Krymu’ (16.2%; 27.4%) and ‘Volnitsa’ (15.7%; 27.8%)), when sown after sunflower.

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An Exploration of Deep-Learning Based Phenotypic Analysis to Detect Spike Regions in Field Conditions for UK Bread Wheat

Plant Phenomics ◽

10.34133/2019/7368761 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tahani Alkhudaydi ◽

Daniel Reynolds ◽

Simon Griffiths ◽

Ji Zhou ◽

Beatriz de la Iglesia

Keyword(s):

Deep Learning ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Phenotypic Analysis ◽

Convolutional Network ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Validation Data ◽

Climate Conditions

Wheat is one of the major crops in the world, with a global demand expected to reach 850 million tons by 2050 that is clearly outpacing current supply. The continual pressure to sustain wheat yield due to the world’s growing population under fluctuating climate conditions requires breeders to increase yield and yield stability across environments. We are working to integrate deep learning into field-based phenotypic analysis to assist breeders in this endeavour. We have utilised wheat images collected by distributed CropQuant phenotyping workstations deployed for multiyear field experiments of UK bread wheat varieties. Based on these image series, we have developed a deep-learning based analysis pipeline to segment spike regions from complicated backgrounds. As a first step towards robust measurement of key yield traits in the field, we present a promising approach that employ Fully Convolutional Network (FCN) to perform semantic segmentation of images to segment wheat spike regions. We also demonstrate the benefits of transfer learning through the use of parameters obtained from other image datasets. We found that the FCN architecture had achieved a Mean classification Accuracy (MA) >82% on validation data and >76% on test data and Mean Intersection over Union value (MIoU) >73% on validation data and and >64% on test datasets. Through this phenomics research, we trust our attempt is likely to form a sound foundation for extracting key yield-related traits such as spikes per unit area and spikelet number per spike, which can be used to assist yield-focused wheat breeding objectives in near future.

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Ekmeklik Buğdayda Geliştirilen Resiprokal Rekombinant Kendilenmiş Hat Populasyonunda Çavdar Translokasyonu Taşıyan Hatların Yarı Bodurluk, Fotoperiyod, Vernalizasyon ve Waxy Genlerinin Taraması

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v8i4.912-919.3074 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 912-919

Author(s):

Tuğba Güleç ◽

Nevzat Aydın

Keyword(s):

Bread Wheat ◽

Recombinant Inbred ◽

Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Vrn Genes ◽

Water Holding

The aim of this study is to screen the recombinant inbred lines (RILs) carrying rye translocation for the semi-dwarf (Rht), photoperiod (Ppd) and vernalization (Vrn) genes. Recombinant inbred lines were obtained by hybridization of bread wheat varieties Tosunbey and Tahirova-2000. Only the lines carrying 1BL.1RS rye translocation from population were used in the study. Parents and all of RILs were found to have Rht-B1a, which is a semi-dwarf allele, and Ppd-D1a allele, which is not susceptible to photoperiod. The vernalization alleles (Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1) in the lines were also determined. It was determined that both parents and all the RILs had vrn-A1 allele, and not Vrn-A1c allele. It was determined that 151 of RILs contained vrn-B1 allele and 154 of them contained Vrn-B1 allele, while 131 of RILs had vrn-D1 allele and 174 of them had Vrn-D1 allele. In addition, molecular screening were carried out for waxy alleles (Wx-A1, Wx-B1 and Wx-D1) which were effective on flour swelling, water holding capacity and shelf life of bread wheat. As a result of the molecular data it was found that 141 of RILs carry all three alleles and named as “normal amylose wheat” and 164 of them had only Wx-A1 and Wx-D1 alleles, as known “low amylose wheat”. The results indicated that the population used in the research could be the subject of some researches, especially drought tolerance, and RILs could be used to develop genetic material carrying rye translocation for wheat breeding programs.

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