scholarly journals MATERIALISM, IDEALISM AND THE ONTO-EPISTEMOLOGICAL ROOTS OF GEOGRAPHY

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 07
Author(s):  
Mikhael Lemos Paiva
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Historical Materialism ◽  
Hard Core ◽  
Dialectical Materialism ◽  
Critical Geography ◽  
Philosophical Debate ◽  
Modern Geography ◽  
Epistemological Basis

MATERIALISMO, IDEALISMO E AS RAÍZES ONTO-EPISTEMOLÓGICAS DA GEOGRAFIAMATERIALISMO, IDEALISMO E LAS RAÍCES ONTO-EPISTEMOLÓGICAS DE LA GEOGRAFÍAThe present article has as proposal the discussion of the philosophical categories of Idealism and Materialism in the Geographical thought. Starting from the assumption that the knowledge is a fact, we explicit our onto-epistemological basis by a dialog between the main representatives of each Philosophy pole, from Democritus to Hegel, exposing after the sublation to the metaphysics done by the dialectical materialism. Using a bridge to the hard core of the Critical Geography (Lefebvre, Harvey and Quaini), we transmute the philosophical debate to the geographical field showing the often ignored roots, logic and addictions of the Modern Geography. Retaking in the end the duel between Idealism and Materialism, we present our thesis in which the Crisis of Geography is, in fact, just the result of a process originated from its incapacity as a discipline to overcome the limiter vestige of its birth: the Metaphysics.Keywords: Philosophy of Geography; Lefebvre; Historical Materialism; Geography’s Crisis.RESUMOO presente artigo tem como proposta a discussão das categorias filosóficas de idealismo e materialismo no pensamento Geográfico. Partindo do pressuposto de que o conhecimento é um fato, explicitamos a nossa base onto-epistemológica por meio de um diálogo entre os principais representantes de cada polo da Filosofia, de Demócrito à Hegel, expondo logo após a suprassunção à metafísica realizada pelo materialismo dialético. Pela ponte com o núcleo duro da Geografia Crítica (Lefebvre, Harvey e Quaini), transmutamos o debate filosófico para o campo geográfico ao mostrar as tão ignoradas raízes, lógica e vícios da Geografia Moderna. Retomando ao fim o duelo entre idealismo e materialismo, apresentamos nossa tese de que a Crise da Geografia é, na verdade, apenas o resultado de um processo oriundo de sua incapacidade como disciplina de superar o resquício limitador de seu berço: a Metafísica.Palavras-chave: Filosofia da Geografia; Lefebvre; Materialismo Dialético; Crise da Geografia.RESUMEN En este artículo se propone la discusión de las categorías filosóficas del idealismo y el materialismo en el pensamiento geográfico. En la hipótesis de que el conocimiento es un hecho, aclaramos nuestra base ontológica y epistemológica por medio de un diálogo entre los principales representantes de cada polo de la filosofía, Demócrito hasta Hegel, lo que sigue la supresión hacia la metafísica realizada por el materialismo dialéctico. Considerando los autores claves en la Geografía Crítica (Lefebvre, Harvey e Quaini), ubicamos el debate filosófico hacia el campo geográfico para indicar las raíces, por supuesto ignoradas, la lógica y los vicios de la Moderna Geografía. Pronto la retomada en el fin del artículo entre idealismo y materialismo, enseñaremos nuestra tesis de que la crisis de la Geografía es, en verdad, solamente el resultado de un proceso oriundo de su incapacidad, cómo disciplina, en superar el vestigio limitador de su cuna: la Metafísica.Palabras clave: Filosofía de la Geografía; Lefebvre; Materialismo Dialéctico; Crisis de la Geografía.

scholarly journals MATERIALISMO, IDEALISMO E AS RAÍZES ONTO-EPISTEMOLÓGICAS DA GEOGRAFIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Mikhael Lemos Paiva
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Historical Materialism ◽  
Hard Core ◽  
Dialectical Materialism ◽  
Critical Geography ◽  
Philosophical Debate ◽  
Modern Geography ◽  
Epistemological Basis

MATERIALISM, IDEALISM AND THE ONTO-EPISTEMOLOGICAL ROOTS OF GEOGRAPHYMATERIALISMO, IDEALISMO E LAS RAÍCES ONTO-EPISTEMOLÓGICAS DE LA GEOGRAFÍAO presente artigo tem como proposta a discussão das categorias filosóficas de idealismo e materialismo no pensamento Geográfico. Partindo do pressuposto de que o conhecimento é um fato, explicitamos a nossa base onto-epistemológica por meio de um diálogo entre os principais representantes de cada polo da Filosofia, de Demócrito à Hegel, expondo logo após a suprassunção à metafísica realizada pelo materialismo dialético. Pela ponte com o núcleo duro da Geografia Crítica (Lefebvre, Harvey e Quaini), transmutamos o debate filosófico para o campo geográfico ao mostrar as tão ignoradas raízes, lógica e vícios da Geografia Moderna. Retomando ao fim o duelo entre idealismo e materialismo, apresentamos nossa tese de que a Crise da Geografia é, na verdade, apenas o resultado de um processo oriundo de sua incapacidade como disciplina de superar o resquício limitador de seu berço: A Metafísica.Palavras-chave: Filosofia da Geografia; Lefebvre; Materialismo Dialético; Crise da Geografia.ABTRACTThe present article has as proposal the discussion of the philosophical categories of Idealism and Materialism in the Geographical thought. Starting from the assumption that the knowledge is a fact, we explicit our onto-epistemological basis by a dialog between the main representatives of each Philosophy pole, from Democritus to Hegel, exposing after the sublation to the metaphysics done by the dialectical materialism. Using a bridge to the hard core of the Critical Geography (Lefebvre, Harvey and Quaini), we transmute the philosophical debate to the geographical field showing the often ignored roots, logic and addictions of the Modern Geography. Retaking in the end the duel between Idealism and Materialism, we present our thesis in which the Crisis of Geography is, in fact, just the result of a process originated from its incapacity as a discipline to overcome the limiter vestige of its birth: The Metaphysics.Keywords: Philosophy of Geography; Lefebvre; Historical Materialism; Geography’s Crisis.RESUMENEn este artículo se propone la discusión de las categorías filosóficas del idealismo y el materialismo en el pensamiento geográfico. En la hipótesis de que el conocimiento es un hecho, aclaramos nuestra base ontológica y epistemológica por medio de un diálogo entre los principales representantes de cada polo de la filosofía, Demócrito hasta Hegel, lo que sigue la supresión hacia la metafísica realizada por el materialismo dialéctico. Considerando los autores claves en la Geografía Crítica (Lefebvre, Harvey e Quaini), ubicamos el debate filosófico hacia el campo geográfico para indicar las raíces, por supuesto ignoradas, la lógica y los vicios de la Moderna Geografía. Pronto la retomada en el fin del artículo entre idealismo y materialismo, enseñaremos nuestra tesis de que la crisis de la Geografía es, en verdad, solamente el resultado de un proceso oriundo de su incapacidad, cómo disciplina, en superar el vestigio limitador de su cuna: la Metafísica.Palabras clave: Filosofía de la Geografía; Lefebvre; Materialismo Dialéctico; Crisis de la Geografía.

Community gardens in post-socialist Hungary: Differences and similarities

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-228
Author(s):  
Csaba Bende ◽  
Gyula Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Community Gardens ◽  
Online Research ◽  
Critical Geography ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
The Usa

Interest of scholars in community gardens has skyrocketed recently. However, little is known about how community gardens are adopted in post-socialist countries and what modifications took place. The present article aims to identify spatial differences and management practices of gardens organized in Hungary from a critical geography perspective. The paper presents the findings of a nationwide research based on online research and interviewing including 44 community gardens. Results show that in contrast to the gardens in the USA, these located in Hungary are organized on the peripheries (of cities) and local governments play a significant role in organizing and managing them.

scholarly journals Ordem e Progresso: Augusto Comte e as influências do Positivismo na educação das mulheres na Primeira República brasileira

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Loraine Lopes de Oliveira ◽  
Vera Lúcia Martiniak
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Dialectical Materialism ◽  
Material Reality ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Education Of Women ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Old Republic ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma reflexão acerca da influência do Positivismo na educação das mulheres no contexto da Primeira República brasileira (1889-1930), também chamada de República Velha. Faz-se uma breve abordagem inicial a respeito de Augusto Comte e o surgimento da filosofia positivista e posteriormente se discorre sobre a influência do Positivismo na educação das mulheres, a qual era vista como um elemento chave para a concretização da nova sociedade que se projetava, para o progresso e a modernização. A pesquisa tem caráter bibliográfico e fundamenta-se nos pressupostos teóricos do materialismo histórico-dialético, que busca compreender os fenômenos sociais e históricos a partir da existência material dos homens. A discussão prioriza a relação da educação com os fatores econômicos, políticos e sociais, já que se compreende que o objeto de pesquisa não pode ser entendido como uma situação isolada de seu contexto histórico.Palavras-chave: Positivismo. Primeira República Brasileira. Educação das mulheres. Order and Progress: Augusto Comte and the influences of Positivism in the education of women in the First Brazilian RepublicABSTRACTThe present article aims to present a reflection on the influence of positivism in the education of women in the context of the First Brazilian Republic (1889-1930), also called the Old Republic. A brief initial approach is given to Augusto Comte and the emergence of the positivist philosophy and later it talks about the influence of positivism in the education of women, a qualitative perspective as a key element for a concretization of the new society which was projected, for progress and modernization. The research has a bibliographic character and is based on the theoretical assumptions of historical-dialectical materialism, which seeks social and historical phenomena from the material reality of men. The discussion prioritizes the relationship of studies with economic, political and social factors, which encompass the object of research can’t be understood as a situation isolated from its historical context.Keywords: Positivism. First Brazilian Republic. Education of women. Orden y Progreso: Augusto Comte y las influencias del Positivismo en la educación de las mujeres en la primera república brasileñaRESUMENEl presente artículo tiene como objetivo exponer una reflexión acerca de la influencia del Positivismo en la educación de las mujeres en el contexto de la Primera República Brasileña (1889-1930), también denominada de República Vieja. Se hace un breve abordaje inicial a respecto de Augusto Comte y el surgimiento de la filosofía positivista y posteriormente se discurre sobre la influencia del Positivismo en la educación de las mujeres, la cual se veía como un elemento clave para la concretización de la nueva sociedad que se proyectaba hacia el progreso y la modernización. La investigación tiene carácter bibliográfico y se fundamenta en los supuestos teóricos del materialismo histórico-dialéctico, que busca comprender los fenómenos sociales e históricos a partir de la existencia material de los hombres. La discusión prioriza la relación de la educación con los factores económicos, políticos y sociales, ya que se comprende que el objeto de la investigación no puede ser entendido como una situación distante de su contexto histórico.Palabras-clave: Positivismo. Primera República Brasileña. Educación de las mujeres

The epistemological status of second language acquisition

1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie D. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Philosophical Debate ◽  
Language Research ◽  
Epistemological Status ◽  
Generative Approach ◽  
Epistemological Basis

In this paper I argue for the necessity of recognizing the epistemological basis of language (and hence of linguistic theory) for research in and theories of second language acquisition. In particular, I review the arguments for a generative approach to linguistic theory (e.g. Chomsky, 1965, 1975, 1981) and for why language as a system of knowledge must be distinct from other sorts of know ledge (Fodor, 1983), with the purpose of clarifying many misconceptions that seem to have arisen with respect to the work in generative grammar over the last 20 years. After doing this I argue that the null hypothesis for second language acquisition is, as concerns its mental representation of linguistic knowledge, that its epistemological status should be assumed to be the same as that of L 1 until proven otherwise. I then demonstrate how SLA theory (e.g. Krashen, 1981) can be elucidated by subsuming (parts of) L2 under linguistic theory with its firm epistemological basis, and how, in particular, one could empirically test Krashen's theory as well as any other theory of SLA that assumes L 1 and L2 to be epistemologically equivalent. In addition I discuss the need for researchers to consider the special epistemological status of linguistic knowledge before prescribing L2 pedagogy. In sum this is a paper that takes a step back into the philosophical debate concerning the mental status of language in general in order for us to be able to take a step forward in second language research in particular.

The Leninist Theory of Perception

Dialogue ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Goldstick
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Present Article ◽  
English Language ◽  
Theory Of Knowledge ◽  
Standard English ◽  
Philosophical Debate ◽  
The Past ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Alternative Reading

In the standard English-language reference work, The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Paul Edwards (New York and London, 1967), we find the following blunt statement on the subject of “orthodox Marxism's” theory of knowledge:Its epistemology is naive representationism.The use of the word “naive” will alert the reader to the unsurprising fact that the reference here is a definitely unfriendly one. More interesting is the way in which this characterization, based on an interpretation of Lenin's Materialism and Empirio-Criticism, has become generally accepted in English-speaking philosophical circles over the past forty years. The purpose of the present article is to explain the representationalist interpretation, challenge it in favour of an alternative reading of Lenin's text, and make some substantive comments on issues arising from the philosophical debate between the representationalist and anti-representationalist positions outlined.

scholarly journals Apuntes sobre la seguridad fronteriza en la frontera México-Estados Unidos ante la movilidad humana y desde el paradigma de la seguridad humana

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Emiliano Ignacio Díaz Carnero ◽  
Miguel Ángel Ríos
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Historical Materialism ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Border Security ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Peace Studies ◽  
Critical Geography ◽  
Initial Approach ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Future Work

The objective of this paper is to make an initial approach to both the human security paradigm and the issues of border security and migration at the northern Mexican border. The approach is conceptual and arises from Geography for peace, a perspective that articulates the approaches of critical geography (political geography from political economy and geographical historical materialism), human rights, and peace studies and conflicts transformation. The conclusions focus on proposing a paradigm shift in border security, moving from a national security approach focused on the State, to one focused on people and their rights, and is guided by the principle of shared responsibility. Despite being an initial approach, the text seeks to promote a paradigm shift, to in future work, provide concrete strategies and lines of action that contribute to materialize the human security approach at the borders of Mexico.

scholarly journals The Idea of Sustainable Development in Reflection on the Meaning of Knowledge and Cognition

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Klimska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Material Object ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Adequate Understanding ◽  
Epistemological Basis

In the case of philosophical justifications of sustainable development it is important to work out epistemological standpoints, adequate to the problems considered in the areas of particular development concepts based on speculative, theoretical knowledge as well as on practical one related to activity and serving its purposes. Epistemology must correlate with the problems that are their material object as well as with goals and cognitive and practical tasks that they (concepts) have to deal with. The present article makes an attempt at presenting reflection on knowledge and cognition by indicating the epistemological basis of the concept of sustainable development. It will endeavor to draw attention to the need of shaping the attitude of the knowing subject, to facilitate adequate understanding of what we commonly address as sustainability and implementing the proposals of sustainable development and verification of the related sources of cognition.

scholarly journals Mathematical expression and application of Marxism

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Qi ◽  
Basel Jamal Ali
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Historical Materialism ◽  
Mathematical Expression ◽  
Dialectical Materialism ◽  
Marxist Philosophy ◽  
Human Thinking ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Scientific Socialism ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Philosophy And Economics

Abstract Marxism is a scientific theoretical system about the understanding of the regularity of nature, society and human thinking. Marxism mainly includes Marxist philosophy (i.e. dialectical materialism and historical materialism), political economy and scientific socialism, among which Marxist philosophy is the theoretical basis, political economy is the main content and scientific socialism is the core and highest goal of Marxism. When analysis is made of the histories of mathematics, philosophy and economics, we are led to the inference that philosophy, economics and mathematics have a natural internal connection. This paper mainly discusses the relationship between philosophy and mathematics and Marx's evaluation of and research on mathematics, and then tries to express some basic and important principles of Marxist philosophy and political economy with the tools and ways of mathematics (formulas), in order to understand the profundities of Marxism much more easily.

Materialism dialectic și istoric în comunismul românesc (I)

Transilvania ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
Alex Cistelecan
Keyword(s):  
Historical Materialism ◽  
Dialectical Materialism ◽  
Marxist Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Practice ◽  
Local Configuration

The article (to be published in 2 parts) analyzes the expression and evolution of Marxist philosophy in communist Romania, as seen in the evolution of the official handbooks and courses of dialectical materialism and historical materialism. Its first part looks at the original Marxian foundations (Marx and Engels’ views on metaphilosophy and their actual philosophical practice), the Soviet mediations (the institutional and conceptual reconfigurations of Soviet Marxist philosophy until the death of Stalin) and the initial local configuration, as seen in the first two editions of the handbooks, published in the early 50’s and early 60’s respectively. The second part of the article will follow this evolution further, up to 1989, and will conclude by developing a series of observations on the uses and abuses of Marxist philosophy in communist Romania.

scholarly journals Il naturalismo oggi

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Perissinotto
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Philosophical Debate ◽  
Metaphysical Naturalism ◽  
Epistemological Naturalism ◽  
First Philosophy

This paper tries to draw a map of the various versions of naturalism to which the current philosophical debate aims – from the most radical, or ‘hard’ ones, to the mildest, or liberal ones – and of the different projects of naturalization that are associated to them. In particular, in the first paragraphs, the present article will consider Timothy Williamson’s and Penelope Maddy’s attempts to inherit the demands of naturalism without declaring to be a naturalist (Williamson), or without making naturalism an empty slogan or a kind of masked first philosophy (Maddy). In the second part, the connections between epistemological naturalism and ontological or metaphysical naturalism will be analysed. The questions will be: (1) is it possible to be naturalist with regard to epistemology without being naturalist with regard to ontology?; (2) is it possible to be ontologically naturalist without being epistemologically naturalist?

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