Role of Rhizobium in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) production - A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zorawar Singh ◽  
Guriqbal Singh ◽  
S. N. Saravaiya

Vegetables are nutritionally rich, high-valued crops and remunerative enough to replace subsistence farming. However, vegetables are highly sensitive to climatic vagaries and sudden irregularities in weather factors at any phase of crop growth can affect the normal growth, flowering, fruit development and subsequently the yield. Grafting in vegetable has emerged as a promising surgical alternative over relatively slow conventional breeding methods aimed at increasing tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. It provides an opportunity to transfer some genetic variations of specific traits of rootstocks to influence the phenotype of scion. Thus, genetic potential of various rootstocks in vegetable crops has proven to be a better alternative to chemical sterilants against many soil-borne diseases. The higher physiological activities like antioxidant content, lipoxygenase activity, osmotic adjustment, membrane selectivity, development of adventitious root and aerenchymatous tissue in plants grafted onto potential rootstocks provide broad insight into stress response mechanisms and thus, grafting is proposed to mitigate the adverse impact of climate change on productivity and quality of vegetables crops.

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Nikki Bharti ◽  
S. N. Saravaiya

Vegetables are nutritionally rich, high-valued crops and remunerative enough to replace subsistence farming. However, vegetables are highly sensitive to climatic vagaries and sudden irregularities in weather factors at any phase of crop growth can affect the normal growth, flowering, fruit development and subsequently the yield. Grafting in vegetable has emerged as a promising surgical alternative over relatively slow conventional breeding methods aimed at increasing tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. It provides an opportunity to transfer some genetic variations of specific traits of rootstocks to influence the phenotype of scion. Thus, genetic potential of various rootstocks in vegetable crops has proven to be a better alternative to chemical sterilants against many soil-borne diseases. The higher physiological activities like antioxidant content, lipoxygenase activity, osmotic adjustment, membrane selectivity, development of adventitious root and aerenchymatous tissue in plants grafted onto potential rootstocks provide broad insight into stress response mechanisms and thus, grafting is proposed to mitigate the adverse impact of climate change on productivity and quality of vegetables crops.


2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick Brown ◽  
Samantha Gillespie

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the problems that arise when undertaking a financial investigation that involves tracing assets in foreign jurisdictions. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a secondary analysis of data collected as part of a qualitative study of the role of financial investigation in tackling organised crime. This was based on interviews with investigating officers, financial investigators and Crown Prosecution Service representatives associated with 60 cases. Of the 60 cases, 36 were found to have an international dimension. Findings – The study found a number of problems with undertaking overseas financial investigations. These included problems with the letter of request process, difficulties tracking assets in some countries and problems with tracing funds transferred through money service bureaux. Informal contact on a police-to-police basis was generally considered an effective means of improving the quality of information received. Research limitations/implications – This study is based on just 60 cases of organised crime in which financial investigation was used. The extent to which these findings can be generalised to other cases is unclear. Practical implications – The study highlights the most common obstacles to overseas financial investigation that should be addressed. In addition, the importance of informal contact with overseas police jurisdictions may highlight a means of improving requests for assistance. Originality/value – This paper provides an important insight into the views of operational staff undertaking overseas financial investigations and as such highlights the particular difficulties in this work.


2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jha ◽  
S. Khurana ◽  
K. Ali ◽  
I. Ahmad ◽  
S. Verma

The primary objective of this narrative review was to evaluate the current literature and to provide further insight into the role of concurrent training on various components of physical health or performance. Literature was obtained by electronic searches of databases using specific keywords. Combined effect of training sessions proved to be as beneficial as drug interactions. Results from cross-sectional, longitudinal, and intervention studies are reviewed and discussed with main focus on physical parameters, such as body composition, physiological parameters, molecular adaptation, athlete’s perspective, order of execution, interference phenomena and recovery. In conclusion, concurrent resistance and endurance training is an effective method for enhancing overall fitness as well as improving quality of life.


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-357
Author(s):  
Sumiati

The Marriage Guidance and Conservation Advisory Board (BP4) is a semi-official body or institution whose task is to assist the Ministry of Religion in improving the quality of marriage by developing a sakinah family movement and religious education in the family environment. The Marriage Guidance and Conservation Advisory Board (BP4) is one of the institutions that provide guidance and insight into marital issues to the public. By paying attention to the duties of the Marriage Guidance and Conservation Advisory Board (BP4), information on the role of the advisory body in contributing to marital matters will be obtained. As explained in Article 1 of the Marriage Law No. 1 of 1974 stated that marriage is an inner bond between a man and a woman as a husband and wife with the aim of forming a happy family (eternal) based on the Godhead of God Almighty, so that the purpose of the law is not enough to just bond , but must include both. Therefore, marriage is carried out bysomeone who is old enough no matter the profession, ethnicity, wealth, place of residence and so on. Everyone who is going to get married doesn't all understand the nature of marriage and the purpose of marriage is to get true happiness in the household. Marriage is not just a gathering of two people on one roof then gets offspring, not for a while but for a lifetime. To realize a prosperous and peaceful society, it must begin with family coaching first. If all families who are members of the community are prosperous, then the community will be happy. The family is the smallest element of a society, while a family is formed through marriage. Marriage is a means to form a household as a bond that is recognized by the community where they live as a legitimate husband and wife.   Abstrak Badan Penasehat Pembinaan dan Pelestarian Perkawinan (BP4) merupakan badan atau lembaga semi resmi yang bertugas membantu Departemen Agama dalam meningkatkan mutu perkawinan dengan mengembangkan gerakan keluarga sakinah dan pendidikan agama di lingkungan keluarga. Badan Penasehat Pembinaan dan Pelestarian Perkawinan  (BP4) ini adalah salah satu lembaga yang memberikan bimbingan dan penasihatan tentang masalah perkawinan kepada masyarakat. Dengan memperhatikan tugas-tugas Badan Penasehat Pembinaan dan Pelestarian Perkawinan (BP4) akan diperoleh keterangan seberapa besar peranan badan penasihat ini dalam ikut menangani masalah perkawinan. Sebagaimana dijelaskan dalam pasal 1 Undang-Undang Perkawinan No. 1 Tahun 1974 dinyatakan bahwa perkawinan adalah ikatan lahir batin diantara seorang pria dengan seorang wanita sebagai suami istri dengan tujuan membentuk keluarga (rumah tangga) yang bahagia, kekal berdasarkan Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa, sehingga maksud dari UU tersebut tidaklah cukup hanya ikatan lahir/batin saja, akan tetapi harus mencakup kedua-duanya. Oleh sebab itu, Perkawinan dilaksanakan oleh seseorang yang sudah cukup umur tidak peduli profesi, suku bangsa, kekayaan, tempat tinggal dan lain sebagainya. Setiap orang yang akan melangsungkan perkawinan tidak semuanya dapat memahami hakikat perkawinan dan tujuan perkawinan yaitu mendapatkan kebahagiaan sejati dalam rumah tangga. Perkawinan bukan sekedar berkumpulnya dua orang manusia dalam satu atap kemudian mendapat keturunan, bukan pula untuk sementara waktu tapi untuk seumur hidup. Untuk mewujudkan masyarakat yang sejahtera dan damai harus dimulai dari pembinaan keluarga terlebih dahulu. Jika semua keluarga yang merupakan anggota masyarakat sejahtera, maka akan sejahteralah masyarakat. Keluarga adalah unsur terkecil dari suatu masyarakat, sedangkan keluarga terbentuk harus melalui perkawinan. Perkawinan merupakan sarana untuk membentuk rumah tangga sebagai sebuah ikatan yang diakui oleh masyarakat di mana mereka tinggal sebagai suami istri yang sah. Kata Kunci : Badan, Penasihat, Pembinaan, dan Pelestarian, Perkawinan,  Penataran, Bimbingan


2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-123
Author(s):  
Sara Kakuk ◽  
Tea Zelembrz

An expert associate pedagogue is a key carrier of the developmental-pedagogical activity in a school. The aim of this activity is to foresee, design, encourage, and guide the development of the educational activity of a school for the purpose of synchronizing the needs of students and their developmental potentials. A pedagogue’s area of work is extremely large. It refers to attendance in all areas of the developmental-pedagogical process, starting with planning and programming and goes all the way to the evaluation of the achieved results. Also, the pedagogue has an important role in the advancement of the developmental-pedagogical process, from monitoring the educational process to organizing professional development and implementation and encouragement of active research. Monitoring the developmental-pedagogical process refers to monitoring the achievements of developmental and educational plans and programs and the quality of monitoring the same, monitoring of the actualization of extracurricular activities and the direct actualization of the developmental-pedagogical process. Professional development modernizes the knowledge of the teachers which they gained during the beginning of their education and perfects their professional skills. The role of the pedagogue is to encourage teachers and motivate them for active research with which teachers solve perceived problems and advance their practice towards the set goals. Using theoretical analysis, this paper will give an overview of certain areas of a pedagogue’s methods in teaching and school with an emphasis on more contemporary context. The aim of this paper is to provide an insight into certain areas of action of an expert associate pedagogue, which are in service of improving the educational process of a contemporary school.


2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1179-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Winger ◽  
Stephen J. Walsh ◽  
Pingguo He ◽  
Joseph A. Brown

Abstract Theoretical modeling indicates that the herding efficiency of flatfish by bottom-trawl sweeps is highly sensitive to subtle changes in fish behaviour. Yet the degree of variation in herding behaviour within a species, population, or individual remains poorly understood because of the difficulty observing and measuring fish behaviour in this region of the gear. The purpose of this study was to simulate herding under laboratory conditions in order to examine the behaviour and swimming characteristics of flatfish. Using a large flume equipped with a moving floor, we examined the effect of fish length on gait use, behaviour, and swimming kinematics in American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides). While swimming at a speed comparable to the herding speed of trawl sweeps (0.3 m s−1), smaller plaice (<30 cm) spent a large percentage of time using the kick-swim gait, while larger fish (≥30 cm) preferred cruising. In total, 65% of plaice exhibited settling behaviour, analogous to the swim-and-settle behaviour observed in response to trawl sweeps. The frequency of this behaviour and the distance swum between settles were independent of fish length. Only the frequency of gliding changed with the duration of swimming. Like other teleost species, tailbeat frequency decreased with increasing fish length. The results from this study indicate that fish length affects gait use and swimming kinematics in flatfish, but not the frequency of gliding and settling behaviours. These observations support the hypothesis of size-selective herding and provide further insight into the herding efficiency of trawl sweeps.


2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-392
Author(s):  
Diana Cristina Protasiewicz ◽  
Adina Popa ◽  
Maria-Magdalena Roşu ◽  
Adela-Gabriela Firănescu ◽  
Simona Georgiana Popa ◽  
...  

AbstractHumans spend almost one third of their life sleeping, thus sleep deprivation or poor sleep quality will have consequences upon the quality of life. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common sleep disorder that represents a respiratory cessation for at least ten seconds, which appears repeatable during sleep and it is accompanied by decreased oxygen saturation. The diagnosis of OSA is possible by filling in the STOP, STOP BANG, BERLIN questionnaires and performing the polysomnography, an accessible and more accurate method but yet very expensive. The prevalence of OSA is continuously increasing, but because of the nonspecific symptoms, the percentage of un-diagnosed cases is further increased. Data from 11 epidemiological studies published between 1993 and 2014 indicated an OSA prevalence of 22% in men and 17% in women. It has been suggested that there is a bidirectional causal relationship between OSA and obesity, and numerous studies have shown association of OSA with insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, diabetic micro- and macrovascular complications and atrial fibrillation.


2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 1058-1067
Author(s):  
Xue-Jie Tan ◽  
Di Wang ◽  
Xu-Gang Lei ◽  
Jun-Peng Chen

A global glide disorder has been discovered during an X-ray investigation of the crystal structure of (Z)-2-[(E)-(4-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazinylidene]-1,2-diphenylethanone (MHDE, C22H18N2O2) at room temperature. In another crystal, however, such disorder disappears (still at room temperature). Even though the disorder may be partly due to the poor quality of the harvested crystal, the structure can shed light on the nature of disorder. With the help of quantum chemical calculations, it is found that the global disorder seems to be connected with the need for stabilization of the somewhat rigid but mobile and unstable molecular structure. The most relevant feature driving the packing of the disordered structure concerns the slight perturbations (such as glide) of two or more disorder components (fractional occupancies) distributed throughout the crystal.


Author(s):  
Nurdilek Dalziel ◽  
Janet Hontoir

By focusing on Facebook as an emerging Social Media (SM) customer services channel, this research provides an insight into social media service encounters. Data were collected from the Facebook pages of two British banks. Evidence is presented on the discrepancy between what customers expected of SM and what banks were prepared to offer, a discrepancy which resulted in customer frustration. The findings also demonstrate that, apart from banking regulation, a bank's own SM policies and the training and empowerment of its staff are likely to impact on the quality of firm-customer interactions on SM. It is challenging for financial institutions to develop strategies to address customer queries satisfactorily on their SM pages and at the same time to work within the rules of compliance regulations. Moreover, many customers who put up a complaint on SM are observed to have developed rather negative feelings about their banks and to have lost their trust, suggesting a lack of clarity about the limited role of banks' Facebook channel among customers.


2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (151) ◽  
pp. 180100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Cottin ◽  
Lutz Wollin ◽  
Aryeh Fischer ◽  
Manuel Quaresma ◽  
Susanne Stowasser ◽  
...  

Patients with certain types of fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD) are at risk of developing a progressive phenotype characterised by self-sustaining fibrosis, decline in lung function, worsening quality of life, and early mortality. It has been proposed that such progressive fibrosing ILDs, which show commonalities in clinical behaviour and in the pathogenetic mechanisms that drive progressive fibrosis, may be “lumped” together for the purposes of clinical research and, potentially, for treatment. At present, no drugs are approved for the treatment of ILDs other than nintedanib and pirfenidone for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. For other progressive fibrosing ILDs, the mainstay of drug therapy is immunosuppression. However, it is postulated that, once the response to lung injury in fibrosing ILDs has reached the stage at which fibrosis has become progressive and self-sustaining, targeted antifibrotic therapy would be required to slow disease progression. Nintedanib, an intracellular inhibitor of tyrosine kinases, has shown antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory and vascular remodelling effects in several non-clinical models of fibrosis, irrespective of the trigger for the injury. Ongoing clinical trials will provide insight into the role of antifibrotic treatment with nintedanib or pirfenidone in the management of fibrosing ILDs with a progressive phenotype.


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