scholarly journals Statistical designs for fitting response surfaces incorporating neighbour effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitendra Kumar ◽  
Seema Jaggi ◽  
Eldho Varghese ◽  
Arpan Bhowmik ◽  
Cini Varghese
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
First Order ◽  
Neighbour Effects ◽  
Response Surface Designs ◽  
Statistical Designs ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Possibility ◽  
Response Variables

Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approximates the relationship between one or more response variables and a set of experimental variables or factors. In RSM, it is generally assumed that the observations are independent and there is no effect of neighbouring units. But under the situation when the units are placed linearly with no gaps there is high possibility of overlapping or neighbour effects from the adjacent units. So including these effects into the model is of great importance in deciding the precision of the experiment. Further, availability of resources and size of the experiment is important factor in conducting an experiment. As the size increases, cost involved in conducting the experiment increases, thereby decreasing the precision of the experiment. In this study, response surface designs incorporating neighbour effects have been considered. Method of constructing First Order Rotatable Designs with Differential Neighbour Effects (FORDDNE) has been developed in smaller number of runs.

RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY: A TOOL FOR ASSESSING THE ROLE OF COMPOUNDING INGREDIENTS IN PEROXIDE VULCANIZATION OF NATURAL RUBBER

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rejitha Rajan ◽  
Siby Varghese ◽  
Meera Balachandran ◽  
K. E. George
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Density Regression

ABSTRACT Response surface methodology was used for assessing the role of various compounding ingredients, including zinc oxide, antioxidant, coagent, oil, and filler, in peroxide vulcanization of natural rubber. A face-centered central composite design with four factors at three different levels was used to obtain the relationship between vulcanizate properties and the level of ingredients. The four factors selected were filler and oil ratio and the contents of zinc oxide, antioxidant, and coagent. The filler and oil ratio was kept constant throughout the experiment. The vulcanizates were evaluated for their mechanical properties: tensile strength, elongation, modulus (M100), tear strength, hardness, compression set (70 and 100 °C), and crosslink density. Regression equations were generated to model the properties of interest, and response surfaces and contour diagrams were plotted.

scholarly journals Synthesis of flexible polyurethane foam for applications in planar orthosis using the response surface methodology

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Jorge Alejandro TORRES-OCHOA ◽  
Nadia Renata OSORNIO-RUBIO ◽  
Orlando CORTAZAR-MARTINEZ ◽  
Victor Alfonso MORALES-NIETO
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Foam Formulation ◽  
Flexible Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Flexible Polyurethane ◽  
Response Variables ◽  
Foaming Time

In this work, the process for the formulation of flexible polyurethane foam is presented following a design of experiments for mixtures. The proportion of polyol, diisocyanate, and crosslinker was considered as factors. The response variables considered were foaming time and reaction temperature. The result of the experiments showed that there is an area where the foam formulation is better. This zone is closed with 5% crosslinker, 50% polyol, and 45% diisocyanate, in this formulation denser foams with more uniform bubbles were obtained

An Investigation Effects of Electrospinning Parameters: Process Optimization by Application of Response Surface Methodology

2014 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 140-144
Author(s):  
A. Mataram ◽  
Ahmad Fauzi Ismail ◽  
A.S. Mohruni ◽  
T. Matsura
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Nano Scale ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nanoscale Fibers ◽  
Parameter Interactions

Effects of material and process parameters on the electrospun polyacrylonitrile fibers were experimentally investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to design the experiments at the setting of solution concentration, voltage and the collector distance. It also imparted the evaluation of the significance of each parameter on pore size, contact angle, modulus young and clean water permeability. Effect of applied voltage in micron-scale fiber diameter was observed to be almost negligible when solution concentration and collector distance were high. However, all three factors were found statistically significant in the production of nano-scale fibers. The response surface predictions revealed the parameter interactions for the resultant fiber diameter, and showed that there is negative correlation between the mean diameter and coefficient of variation for the fiber diameters were in agreement with the experimental results. Response surfaces were constructed to identify the processing window suitable for producing nanoscale fibers. A sub-domain of the parameter space consisting of the solution concentration, applied voltage and collector distance, was suggested for the potential nano scale fiber production.

Process Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Pectin from Helianthus annuus L. Heads by Response Surface Methodology

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 848-854
Author(s):  
Yin Xiang Gao ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Yuan Gang Zu ◽  
Li Ping Yao
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

An ultrasound-assisted procedure for the extraction of pectin from heads ofHelianthus annuusL. (sunflower) was established. A Box–Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the extraction temperature (X1: 30–50°C), extraction time (X2: 20–40 min) and pH (X3: 2.5–3.5) to obtain a high yield of pectin with high degree of esterification (DE) from sunflower heads. Analysis of variance showed that the contribution of a quadratic model was significant for the pectin extraction yield and DE. An optimization study using response surface methodology was performed and 3D response surfaces were plotted from the mathematical model. According to the RSM model, the highest pectin yield (23.11 ± 0.08%) and DE (39.85 ± 0.14%) can be achieved when the UAE process is carried out at 50°C for 40min using a hydrochloric acid solution of pH 3.0. These results suggest that ultrasound-assisted extraction could be a good option for the extraction of functional pectin from sunflower heads at industrial level.

Optimization of Biodiesel Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis from Castor Oil Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Sabzimaleki ◽  
Barat Ghobadian ◽  
Mohsen Mazloom Farsibaf ◽  
Gholamhassan Najafi ◽  
Masoud Dehghani Soufi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Yield ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Central Composite

Abstract Production of biodiesel from castor oil (CO) using ultrasound-assisted has been investigated in this study. The objective of the present work was therefore to determine the relationship between various important parameters of the alkaline-catalyzed transesterification process to obtain a high reaction yield in a short time. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to statistically analyze and optimize the operating parameters of the process. A central composite design (CCD) was approved to study the effects of the reaction time, the methanol to oil molar ratio, the ultrasonic cycle and the ultrasonic amplitude on reaction yield. The optimum conditions for alkaline-catalyzed transesterification of CO was found to be a reaction time of 540 s, methanol to oil molar ratio of 8.15:1,ultrasonic cycle of 0.73% and ultrasonic amplitude 64.34%. By exerting the calculated optimum condition in the process, the reaction yield reached 87.0494%. The results from the RSM analysis indicated that the reaction time has the most significant effect on the reaction yield.

A Thermomechanical Preprocessing for Pectin Isolation from Orange Peel with Optimisation by Response Surface Methodology

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sid-Ahmed Rezzoug ◽  
Zoulikha Maache-Rezzoug ◽  
Frédéric Sannier ◽  
Karim Allaf
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Pre Treatment

The instantaneous controlled pressure drop process (or D.I.C process: ``Détente Instantanée Contrôlée") was used as a pre-treatment prior to pectin acid extraction from orange peel. This process involves subjecting the orange peel for a short time to steam pressure varying from 100 to 700 kPa, followed by an instantaneous decompression to vacuum at 5 kPa. Effects of processing pressure, moisture content of peels before the thermomechanical treatment and processing time were examined with response surface methodology. The optimal conditions were determined and the response surfaces were plotted from the mathematical models. The Fisher test and p-value indicated that both processing pressure and moisture content of peels before the pre-treatment had a highly significant effect on the pectin yield. The quadratic effect of processing pressure as well as the interaction effects of the initial moisture content and processing time also had a significant effect on the response. Moreover, the kinetics of pectin extraction showed that after few minutes of hydrolysis, the yields of pectin were systematically higher than that of the control sample and this is important from industrial point of view because the hydrolysis of pectin is generally performed in 10-15 minutes.

Extraction of Flavonoids from Clovers

2012 ◽  
Vol 195-196 ◽  
pp. 360-363
Author(s):  
Chun Gang Chen ◽  
Fen Xia Han ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
Yu Zhong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Central Composite

The extraction of flavonoids from clovers was optimized to maximize flavonoid yield Y in this study. A central composite design of response surface methodology involving extracting time, liquid-solid ratio, extracting temperature and ethanol concentration was used, and second-order model for Y was employed to generate the response surfaces. The optimum condition for Y was determined as follows: extracting time 24min, liquid-solid ratio 20, extracting temperature 80°C, and ethanol concentration 72%. Under the optimum condition, the flavonoid yield was 2.49%.

scholarly journals A Study on Ductility of Prestressed Concrete Pier Based on Response Surface Methodology

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1253-1257
Author(s):  
H. Wang ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
S. Qin
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Reinforcement Ratio ◽  
Longitudinal Reinforcement ◽  
Shear Reinforcement ◽  
Concrete Compressive Strength ◽  
Curvature Ductility ◽  
The Relationship

The ductility of prestressed concrete pier is studied based on response surface methodology. Referring to the pervious prestressed concrete pier, based on Box-Behnken design, the ductility of 25 prestressed concrete piers is calculated by numerical method. The relationship between longitudinal reinforcement ratio, shear reinforcement ratio, prestressed tendon quantity, concrete compressive strength and ductility factor is gotten. The influence of the longitudinal reinforcement ratio, the shear reinforcement ratio, the prestressed tendon quantity and concrete compressive strength to curvature ductility is discussed. Then the ductility regression equation is deduced. The result showed that the influence of the prestressed tendon quantity to the ductility of prestressed concrete pier is significant. With the increasing of the prestressed tendon quantity, the curvature ductility curved reduces. With the increasing of shear reinforcement ratio and compressive strength of concrete, the curvature ductility increases linearly. And the influence of the longitudinal reinforcement ratio to ductility of the prestressed concrete pier is insignificant. 

scholarly journals Application of Response Surface Methodology to Evaluate Photodynamic Inactivation Mediated by Eosin Y and 530 nm LED against Staphylococcus aureus

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriele R. Santos ◽  
Alex F. da Silva ◽  
Andréia F. P. Batista ◽  
Camila F. Freitas ◽  
Evandro Bona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Eosin Y ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship

Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PAC) is an efficient tool for inactivating microorganisms. This technique is a good approach to inactivate the foodborne microorganisms, which are responsible for one of the major public health concerns worldwide—the foodborne diseases. In this work, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the interaction of Eosin Y (EOS) concentration and irradiation time on Staphylococcus aureus counts and a sequence of designed experiments to model the combined effect of each factor on the response. A second-order polynomial empirical model was developed to describe the relationship between EOS concentration and irradiation time. The results showed that the derived model could predict the combined influences of these factors on S. aureus counts. The agreement between predictions and experimental observations (R2adj = 0.9159, p = 0.000034) was also observed. The significant terms in the model were the linear negative effect of photosensitizer (PS) concentration, followed by the linear negative effect of irradiation time, and the quadratic negative effect of PS concentration. The highest reductions in S. aureus counts were observed when applying a light dose of 9.98 J/cm2 (498 nM of EOS and 10 min. irradiation). The ability of the evaluated model to predict the photoinactivation of S. aureus was successfully validated. Therefore, the use of RSM combined with PAC is a promising approach to inactivate foodborne pathogens.

Tool-Life Testing by Response Surface Methodology—Part 2

1964 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Order Effect ◽  
Second Order ◽  
First Order ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Basic Philosophy

This paper is a continuation of a previous paper in which the basic philosophy of response surface methodology has been explained and a first-order tool-life-predicting equation has been developed. This part of the paper illustrates the development of a second-order tool-life-predicting equation in 18 and 24 tests. It was found that the second-order effect did not show statistical significance within the cutting ranges of this project; however, the second-order effect of cutting speed has been found important by the study of residuals. If only one independent variable is investigated, a minimal number of tests can be used to find a second-order equation. Examples of designs in three, five, and six tests are illustrated.

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