Polymorphisms of Candidate Genes Associated with Growth and Carcass Traits in Canadian Duroc Pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Huu Tinh ◽  
Nguyen Van Hop ◽  
Nguyen Thi Lan Anh ◽  
Nguyen Thuy Linh ◽  
Anh Phu Nam Bui
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Mc4r Gene ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Melanocortin 4 Receptor ◽  
Breeding Farms

Background: Selection based on traits such as average daily gain (ADG) and carcass quality in commercial pig populations have drawn attention of swine breeders due to the correlation with growth and consumer preference for carcass composition, respectively. The association between melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene, which encodes the G-protein-coupled receptor and ADG and carcass quality, have been well documented. The study was conducted to determine the effects of MC4R/TaqI and PIT-1/RsaI polymorphisms on growth and carcass quality traits in total of 576 Duroc pigs at national breeding farms of Vietnam. Methods: After the performance test, the desired traits including ADG, IF and LD were measured. ADG (g/day) was calculated as the live weight divided by the number of days from birth to 100 kg, BF and LD can be captured at position P2 (6-8 cm away from body midline at the last rib level) with Ultrasound machine Aloska SSD 500V. Genomic DNA were collected and genotyped to observe the polymorphism of MC4R and PIT-1. Result: Three genotypes AA, AG andGG of MC4R gene andAA, AB and BB of PIT-1 gene were found in the studied pig population. The observed frequencies of AA, AG and GG were 0.09, 0.41 and 0.50 (MC4R gene) and for AA, AB and BB were 0.37, 0.47 and 0.16, respectively. The G allele (MC4R) and B allele (PIT-1) have more positive effects on traits of ADG, BF and LD. Specifically, in MC4R gene, the individuals carrying GG genotype had higher ADG by 50 gram and lower BF by 1.4 mm than AA genotype. In PIT-1 gene, pigs carrying BB genotype had higher ADG and LD than AA genotype by 37 gram and by 1.9 mm, respectively. Therefore, the increased selection of G allele, GG genotype (MC4R) and of B allele, BB genotype (PIT-1) should be considered to contribute to the improvement of ADG, BF and LD traits in Duroc population in current study

An evaluation of beef carcass quality 1. The influence of cereal feeding on the growth and carcass quality of Friesian steers

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Hinks ◽  
J. H. D. Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Grazing Cattle ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Tasting Panel

SUMMARYTwenty-four Friesian steers, initially 5 months of age, were involved in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment which spanned grazing and silage feeding periods of 22 weeks' duration. In the first period, cattle were stocked at a uniformly high density, with half of the group being fed 1·25 kg/head per day of supplementary barley. In the second period, the cattle were subdivided into four groups and fed varying levels of barley with silage. Finally all the animals received 3·65 kg/head per day of barley. Replicates of the four treatments were slaughtered at random after 5 to 11 weeks on this treatment. Whilst supplementary cereal feeding significantly increased the live-weight gains of steers at grass by 11%, this live-weight advantage was offset by their slower gains in the final weeks before slaughter. Feeding cereals to grazing cattle had little effect on carcass composition or the proportions of carcass joints, but their beef was considered, by a tasting panel, to be more tender than the meat from the control steers.Increasing the level of barley fed with silage only increased live-weight gains by 2%, and had little effect on carcass or meat quality.

An evaluation of beef carcass quality 2. Influence of variation in grazing intensity and the level of barley supplementation with silage on the carcass and meat quality of Friesian steers

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-237
Author(s):  
C. E. Hinks ◽  
J. H. D. Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Carcass Quality

SUMMARYTwo experiments concerning the effects, on the carcass and meat characteristics of 18-months-old Friesian steers, of variation in grazing intensity and the level of barley feeding with silage are reported.Groups of 12 steers were grazed at different intensities over 5-month grazing periods, such that live-weight differences of 38 kg and 16 kg were recorded at housing. No compensatory growth was recorded during the subsequent winter feeding period.Whilst the grazing treatments had little effect on carcass or meat quality, higher levels of barley feeding with silage over the winter period (710 v. 410 kg/steer) had significant effects on live-weight gain, and increased carcass weight by 21 kg at slaughter. The higher yield of carcass weight was reflected in significant differences in carcass composition, joint proportions and retail cut-out value. Sixty per cent of the carcass weight difference was removed as trim fat. Differences in carcass fatness were not associated with any differences in eating quality.

scholarly journals Effect of boars own performance on progeny fattening and carcass traits in two different environments

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bahelka ◽  
P. Fľak ◽  
Anna Lukácová
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Performance Traits ◽  
Progeny Performance

The effect of own performance traits of meat breed boars on fattening and carcass parameters of progeny in two different test stations (Bucany and Nitra) was evaluated. Own performance traits of boars were average daily gain (ADG) from birth to 100 kg live weight, backfat thickness (BF) and lean meat content (LMC) in field conditions. Progeny of boars was housed in pairs (gilt and barrow) and fed standardized feed mixture semi ad libitum. Progeny test lasted from 30 to 100 kg live weight. There were evaluated following parameters: ADG and feed consumption/kg gain (FC) at test from 30 to 100 kg live weight, slaughter weight (SW), proportion of meaty cuts (PMC) proportion of ham (PHAM), eye muscle area (EMA), and BF. At Bucany and Nitra was found the effect of genotype of boars on progeny BF and/or FC respectively. Better tested boars from own performance test individually as well as a group achieved in progeny better fattening and carcass traits than worse tested boars at Bucany (+33 g ADG, -0.21 cm BF, +2.34 % PMC). Progeny performance from better evaluated boars at Nitra did not exceed the progeny performance from worse tested boars. There was found significant effect of dams on progeny performance.

Carcass composition and tissue weight distribution in purebred lambs from six breeds

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 103-103
Author(s):  
A. J. Brown ◽  
B. W. Butler-Hogg ◽  
J. D. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Mature Size

Future improvements in British lamb sales depend on increasing the lean to fat ratio in cuts and joints offered for sale, since numerous surveys have shown an aversion to fat on the part of consumers. This ratio can be changed by manipulating breed and live weight at slaughter, since breeds of large mature size slaughtered at light weights are considerably leaner than those of small mature size slaughtered at heavy weights. However, there are other aspects of carcass value than overall lean and fat content. These include factors such as the proportions of individual joints and their composition. This study was carried out to examine carcass composition and carcass quality changes between 12 and 24 kg cold carcass weight (CCW) in 317 castrated males and 238 females from six pure breeds.

Comparison of 2 growth patterns during the growing period in fattening bulls. 3. slaughter characteristics, carcass composition and meat quality

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 217-217
Author(s):  
A. Clinquart ◽  
C. Van Eenaeme ◽  
T. Van Vooren ◽  
J. Van Hoof ◽  
L. Istasse
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Daily Gain

The degree to which growth patterns are modified after a period of food restriction affects the compositional changes of the carcasses(Carstens et al., 1992), furthermore, the growth rate has a direct effect on the physical properties of meat (Fishell et al., 1985). The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of a severe food restriction at a early stage of maturity on the slaughter characteristics and meat quality of Belgian Blue bulls.Twelve Belgian Blue bulls (dual purpose type) weighing 233 kg were offered two different planes of nutrition during the growing period. Six bulls (Group-) received a restricted diet so that their average daily gain was 0.34 kg/d (Group+) during 202 days. By contrast six other bulls were given a more conventional growing diet and their average daily gain was 1.13 kg/d. Both Groups were fattened with similar diet and slaughtered when the live weight was close to 600 kg. Carcass weight was measured and killing-out proportion calculated, the composition of the carcass was estimated after dissection of ribs 7, 8, 9 removed 48 h post-mortem.

scholarly journals Association of Melanocortin 4 Receptor gene polymorphism with growth traits in Bligon goat

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Latifah ◽  
D. Maharani ◽  
A. Kustantinah ◽  
T. Hartatik
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Mc4r Gene ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
Melanocortin 4 Receptor ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Melanocortin 4 Receptor Gene

Melanocortin 4 receptor gene is a potential marker gene for growth performance in ruminant and non-ruminant animals. The objective of this study was to perform allele and genotype frequencies, and association of melanocortin 4 receptor with growth traits in Bligon goat. Seventy seven blood samples were collected and DNA isolated successfully. One pair primers were used for PCR of MC4R gene (F: 5’-TCGGGCGTCTTGTTCATCAT-3’ and R: 5’-CAAGACTGGGCACTGCTTCA-3’). Two SNPs (g.998A/G and g.1079C/T) were identified in exon of Bligon MC4R by DNA sequencing and PCR-RFLP. The SNP g.998A/G identified amino acid change from isoleucine to methionine (I-M), while the SNP g.1079C/T was synonymous polymorphism. Based on relationship analysis between Genotype of MC4R gene (SNP g.998A/G) and growth traits indicated that GG genotype was lowest in weaning weight (WW; AA=13.0±1.7; AG=11.2±3.6; GG=9.2±3.9), weaning body length (WBL; AA=46.8±2.4; AG=46.3±6.0; GG=43.8±5.3) and weaning chest circumference (WCC; AA=50.9±4.0; AG=50.7±4.6; GG=47.1±7.3) compare to AA and AG genotype (p<0.05). Individual with CC and CT genotypes at SNP g.1079C/T had higher (P<0.05) in WW (CC=12.6±2.1; CT=12.5±2.5) and average daily gain (ADG; CC=81.2±21.8; CT=79.3±26.2) than TT genotype (WW=10.6±3.1; ADG=58.3±30.5). This results suggested that SNP g.998A/G and g.1079C/T of MC4R gene could be used as the genetic marker of growth traits for selection in Bligon goat.

Bovine growth hormone in lambs: effects on carcass composition and tissue distribution in crossbred females

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Butler-Hogg ◽  
I. D. Johnsson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Pituitary Growth Hormone ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACTThirty-two Dorset Down × Finn Dorset female lambs were reared from 8 to 20 weeks on an ad libitum concentrate diet. They comprised four groups of eight lambs, one on each of the following treatments: (1) control, no injections; (2) daily subcutaneous injection of 0-1 mg bovine pituitary growth hormone (bGH) per kg live weight; (3) daily subcutaneous injection of 1 mg bromocriptine mesilate (Br); (4) daily injections of both bGH and Br at the same rates as treatments (2) and (3).There were no important differences in carcass composition or tissue distribution between the +bGH and +bGH+Br lambs or between the control and +Br lambs. The +bGH lambs (+bGH and +bGH+Br lambs pooled) contained significantly greater proportions of lean and bone compared with the −bGH lambs (control and +Br lambs pooled). Although carcass composition was altered by bGH treatment, the distribution of individual tissues (lean, bone and fat) was not influenced significantly.Carcass quality was improved markedly by bGH treatment: subcutaneous fat depth was reduced and the area of the m. longissimus lumborum increased. +bGH carcasses would be ranked one fat class less on the Meat and Livestock Commission fatness scale than −bGH carcasses at the same carcass weight.

scholarly journals Estimation of carcass characteristics in young beef cattle

1975 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 385-444
Author(s):  
Hilkka Ruohomäki
Keyword(s):  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Bull Calves

In the present study the main objectives were to determine whether sufficiently accurate estimation of live weight, carcass weight and carcass composition with live measurements is possible, and whether an accurate estimation of carcass composition with any other procedure than total carcass dissection is possible. The material consisted of 205 1-year old steers and bulls and 174 bull calves. Within experiment each trait of each animal was corrected for age, breed and feeding with a correction factor obtained with the least squares method. In the stepwise regression analysis the results for both age groups were analysed separately. From live measurements the best estimators in both age groups were width of chest, heart girth and natural length. The most reliable predictor of meat quantity was carcass weight. Revalue was 96 % for both age groups. In estimation of meat percentage the Revalue obtained for the olds with cutting results of fore shanks was 56 %, the respective value for the 1-year olds was considerably lower. With 1-yearolds the carcass weight and some byproducts gave the highest estimations for the quantity and percentage of fat, R2 were 62 % and 50 % respectively, and for the 14-yearolds the kidney fats and the cutting results of flanks gave the highest estimations, R2 were 70 % and 59 % respectively. For the quantity and percentage of bone the R2 for the 1-yearolds obtained with cutting results of shanks were 68 % and 55 % respectively, and for the 14-year olds 82 % and 70 % respectively. When the cutting results of the fore and hind quarters were used as estimators the R2 obtained for all the traits were higher in both age groups than with any other estimator, R2 obtained with carcass quality scores remained lower.

THE EFFICIENCY OF RAISING DAIRY HEIFERS IN DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Н.В. СИВКИН ◽  
П.Ж. САЛУНБЕК ◽  
Н.И. СТРЕКОЗОВ
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Correlation Relationship ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Breeding Farms ◽  
Daily Gain

Изучена эффективность выращивания телок молочных пород при различных технологиях. В качестве объекта исследований выступали 14 племенных хозяйств Центрального Федерального округа, разводящих высококровную по голштинам черно-пеструю и голштинскую породы крупного рогатого скота при использовании разных способов содержания и технологических схем выращивания телок до 6-месячного возраста. Содержание молодняка молочного периода на открытом воздухе, относительно помещений, способствует увеличению его сохранности до 12 мес. на 5,2%, а также более высокой энергии прироста и соответственно живой массы как в первый и шестой (на 11,8 кг и 38,1 кг, или 26,6% и 26,0%, Р≤0,01—0,001), так и десятый и двенадцатый месяцы жизни (на 46,1 кг и 52,3 кг, или 19,5% и 18,6%; Р≤0,05). В онтогенезе условия содержания и кормления телят раннего возраста оказывают наиболее существенное влияние на формирование продуктивных качеств скота. Так, в первые 2 мес жизни телки, когда основными кормами являлись цельное молоко и концентраты, коэффициент корреляции между среднесуточным приростом и надоем молока был наиболее высоким, достигая значений: r=0,34—0,42; с содержанием жира и белка на порядок ниже — r=0,19—0,22 и r=0,11—0,13 соответственно. В последующих возрастных периодах выращивания телок, с 4- до 10—12-месячного возраста корреляционная зависимость между этими признаками снижалась до минимальных значений. Studies have been carried out to evaluate the efficiency of raising dairy heifer breeding using various technologies. The object of research were 14 breeding farms of the Central Federal District, breeding high-blooded Black-and-White and Holstein cattle breeds using different methods of housing and technological schemes for raising heifers up to 6 months of age. Housing young calves outdoors compared to building increases their survival rate up to 12 months by 5.2% and increased energy gain and live weight respectively in both the first and sixth months (by 11.8 kg and 38.1 kg, or 26.6% and 26.0%; P≤0.01-0.001) and the tenth and twelfth months (by 46.1 kg and 52.3 kg, or 19.5% and 18.6%; P≤0.05). During ontogeny, the conditions of housing and feeding of young calves have the most significant influence on the formation of productive qualities of livestock. Thus, in the first 2 months of the heifer's life, when the basic fodder was whole milk and concentrates, the correlation coefficient between an average daily gain in body weight and milk production was the highest, reaching the values: r=0.34-—0.42; with fat and protein content an order of magnitude lower - r=0.19-—0.22 and r=0.11—0.13, respectively. During the following age periods of heifer rearing, from 4 to 10—12 months of age, the correlation relationship between these traits decreased to minimum value.

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF UKRAINIAN GREY CATTLE AND SOME SPECIALIZED BEEF BREEDS BY ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE TRAITS

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Yu. M. Reznikova
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Beef Breed ◽  
Breeding Farms

For the last years significant reduction of breeding farms has led to decrease in the number of populations and these trends are particularly concerning beef livestock, competitiveness of which is lower compared with dairy cattle-breeding. There is observed to decrease not only number of indigenous populations, which aren’t able to compete on productivity, but also native specialized cattle. So, population of Ukrainian Beef breed declined 1,5 times (8 breeding farms, 2733 head, 1135 cows on January 1, 2010 vs. 3, 1824, 665 respectively on January 1, 2016), Polessian Beef breed – 2,2 times (27 breeding farms, 8904 head, 3705 cows on January 1, 2010 vs. 10, 4113, 2157 respectively on January 1, 2016), Ukrainian Grey – 1,2 times (4 breeding farms, 1075 head, 437 cows on January 1, 2010 vs. 2, 903, 341 respectively on January 1, 2016).The reality of the recent years indicates that some native beef cattle breeds can be considered as local and as needing conservation in the nearest future. Thereby, the aim of our work was to study dynamics of growth, productivity and reproductive ability of breeding stock of Ukrainian Grey breed compared with Ukrainian Beef, Polessian Beef having been created with its participation, and Blonde d'Aquitaine – a foreign specialized beef breed being bred under the same conditions. Materials and methods.The investigations were carried out at the herds of SE «Polyvanivka» Research Farm», Magdalynivka district, Dnipropetrovsk region and AF «Klen», Zhovkva district, Lviv region at breeding females of Ukrainian Grey (n = 279), Blonde d'Aquitaine (n = 42), Ukrainian Beef (n = 159) and Polessian Beef (n = 100) breeds. The indicators of growth rate, reproduction, and productivity were analysed based on data of zootechnical primary account registered at breeding farms. Results of research. Comparison of averages by a group found that the Ukrainian Grey animals were characterized by slightly lower figures of live weight at all the investigated ages. Under the same growing conditions, live weight of the Ukrainian Grey animals at the age of weaning was 14 kg (P < 0,001) less compared with the Ukrainian specialized beef breed (Ukrainian Beef) and by 19 kg (P < 0,001) less compared with the French specialized beef cattle (Blonde d'Aquitaine). The results are quite predictable that the indigenous breed isn’t able to compete with specialized beef cattle. The Ukrainian Grey animals were characterized by lower figures of average daily gain of live weight almost for all the investigated age periods with the greatest difference from birth to weaning – 56 g (P < 0,001) compared with Ukrainian Beef and 79 g (P < 0,001) compared with Blonde d'Aquitaine. The Ukrainian Grey heifers at the age from 1 to 2 years were characterized by almost the same growth rate as Ukrainian Beef and Polessian Beef contemporaries and predominated slightly over Blonde d'Aquitaine. The greatest difference was observed between milk ability of the Ukrainian Grey and Polessian Beef cows within 15-21 kg (P < 0,001). Predominance of cows of other studied breeds over Ukrainian Grey was 13 kg (P < 0,001) after the 1st calving, 14-19 kg (P < 0,001) after the 2nd calving and 11-15 kg (P < 0,001) after the 3rd calving. Reliable differences in calving interval weren’t revealed between Ukrainian Grey and Ukrainian Beef, Blonde d'Aquitaine (except for calving interval between the 1st-2nd calving). Comparative analysis of age repeatability of live weight revealed that gradual reduction of repeatability coefficient with each distance from the age of 210 days or 1 year was characterized for the animals, kept in "Polyvanivka" breeding farm. So, the highest age repeatability was observed at adjacent periods – 210 days-1 year, 2-3 years. Higher levels of age repeatability of live weight were found at the Polessian Beef and Blonde d'Aquitaine animals. The results of research of Ukrainian Grey cows’ productivity should not be assessed pessimistically, because productivity for indigenous and local breeds has never been the main traits in their preservation. It is studied to monitor their state. Conclusions. So, indigenous Ukrainian Grey cattle are inferior to all the investigated beef breeds by productivity that caused by its triple-purpose specialization with working ability at the first place in the past. The significant high and middle levels of age repeatability indicate the possibility of effective selection of Polessian Beef and Blonde d'Aquitaine heifers on live weight at weaning (210 days), whereas for Ukrainian Grey and Ukrainian Beef animals at 1-years’ age. No reliable correlation of live weight with milk ability was found at the Ukrainian Grey, Polessian Beef, and Blonde d'Aquitaine cows and inverse correlation of live weight at 4-years’ age with milk ability after the 2nd calving – at the Ukrainian Beef cows.

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